The concept of corporate citizenship as a form of corporate social responsibility theory challenged the traditionally accepted socio‐economic division of labor between government and corporations. Although the concept has been around for decades, its validity and applicability are still a matter of debate, with attention to the “chameleon” nature of the concept. Therefore, this paper defines and applies a conceptual framework to examine whether corporate social and political engagement is necessary and, if so, in what form it is beneficial for (...) both the company and society. This is the objective of the present study. The method used in this paper is critical analysis, i.e. the evaluation of arguments both pro and con, and the comparison of these arguments with empirical evidence within the defined conceptual framework. The study shows that the demand for corporate activism is contradictory, so companies need to determine whose interests they represent or balance between different expectations. In addition to analyzing and evaluating corporate activism from a specific conceptual framework, the novelty of the study lies in its differentiated approach to corporate citizenship according to the scope of the companies and in the corresponding proposal for a new socio‐economic division of labor between governments and corporations. (shrink)

Autor przeciwstawia się rozpowszechnionym w literaturze marksistowskiej poglądom, że prawa myślenia są tożsame z myślowym wyrażeniem praw. W związku z tym krytykuje tezę o jedności dialektyki, logiki i teorii poznania. Jego zdaniem specyficzne prawa myślenia istnieją równie obiektywnie jak prawa przyrody i społeczeństwa, regulując procesy myślowe niezależnie od wiedzy o nich. Należy więc wyraźnie odróżniać istnienie obiektywnych praw, zarówno specyficznych dla poszczególnych sfer rzeczywistości, jak też uniwersalnych (do tych należy prawa dialektyki) od powstałego w wyniku poznania ich myślowego wyrazu.

In the following essay the author examines those aspects of the evolution of the concept of psyche from Homer to Aristotle that show striking dissimilarities with our modern understanding of the soul/mind. In this analysis, the author gives more room to the problem of the Homeric soul-words, for Homer's picture of the soul seems to be especially challenging for our conceptual schemes. The guiding suspicion during this study is that there is a temptation for modern students of this subject to (...) suppose a greater continuity between their understanding of what it is to be a soul or mind and ancient thinkers' grasp of the same experiential field than is warranted by available textual evidence. The article focuses on some of the astonishing features of the concept of psyche from Homer to Aristotle--features that are, hopefully, able to reconstruct in spite of the assimilating force of the authors' prejudices. 2012 APA, all rights reserved). (shrink)

El nombre de Lajos Kassák, el representante más importante del vanguardismo húngaro, no es muy conocido entre el público hispanohablante debido sobre todo a que sus obras literarias, por falta de traducciones, no llegaron a los lectores españoles e hispanoamericanos. Sin embargo, tanto en la obra propia de Kassák como en las revistas fundadas por él muchas veces aparecen diferentes temas hispanos. El presente artículo examina los temas y personalidades españoles e hispanoamericanos que recibieron atención y publicidad en las cinco (...) revistas −A Tett, Ma, Munka, Dokumentum y Kortárs− fundadas por Lajos Kassák. (shrink)

Observing dance improvisation provides a unique opportunity to understand how people collaborate together while creating. It is an opportunity to consider how new ideas appear, not simply from the internal processes of a single creator but rather from the interactions between the minds, bodies and the environment acting on and between a group of improvising dancers. Improvisational scores served in this study as a laboratory into group creativity. Using a video-stimulated recall method, which asks dancers to reflect upon their own (...) processes just after completing the score, I explored the interdependency between meta-cognitive strategies such as imagery and sense awareness, group processes, the role of others in one’s own creative processes, and interactions between bodies and with the environment. As a result I describe how dancers build together a common improvisational space, which allows them to co-create and share their ideas mostly in non-verbal, non-propositional ways. I discuss the co-agency of such a process, showing that intentionality is distributed between dancers at each moment of improvisation and that they are mainly focused on supporting the ideas of others. I also discuss the medium of the body and the embodied response as central to dance improvisation practice. (shrink)

Based on an analysis of 137 texts written by pupils, this paper examines pupils? humour directed at teachers, its types and social functions. The collected data are divided into three categories that describe different modes of teachers as targets of pupils? humour. The first mode describes teachers as unintentionally comical, the second as duped by their pupils and the third as intentional users of humour. The analysis focuses on different functions that pupils? humour directed at teachers fulfils in the social (...) life of the classroom. The paper concludes by showing how key functions of social humour (such as creation of solidarity, negotiation of power and realisation of personal needs) are connected to the three modes of pupils? humour directed at teachers. (shrink)

Sometimes it seems that our traditional Christian churches - both different and identical denominations - do not share any insignificant differences in rituals, but the abyss. For, agree, believing in one God, the God of mercy and forgiveness, in one Holy Scripture that includes the New Testament, it is not possible to be at war with one another as some Christian Churches in Ukraine are at odds today.

Walter Mosley’s Devil in a Blue Dress contributes significantly to the literary debate on the definition of whiteness. The socio-historical construction of whiteness emerging from the novel is amplified by white imagery dovetailing with the claims made about white people directly. For the African American first person narrator, Easy Rawlins, living in post-World War II Los Angeles, whiteness mostly spells terror. The oppressive faces of whiteness consist in the following trajectories: property relations, economic exploitation, labour relations, the legal system, different (...) miens of oppressive white masculinity denigrating blackness, spatial dynamics of post-World War II Los Angeles and the white apparatus of power that the narrator needs to confront throughout the novel. White imagery carried to the extreme magnifies the terrorizing aspect of whiteness in the narrative. Like many authors of colour, Mosley associates whiteness with death. Whiteness inundates Easy Rawlins from all sides, entailing insincerity, dishonesty, interestedness and hypocrisy. (shrink)

Celem pracy jest omówienie rozwoju koncepcji na temat roli logiki formalnej z punktu widzenia filozofii marksistowskiej. Można zaryzykować twierdzenie, że ogólnie biorąc, każdy system filozoficzny "zmusza" wyznawców lub zwolenników do określania pozycji w odniesieniu do innych nauk. Jeśli zaś idzie o stosunek filozofii marksistowskiej do logiki formalnej to w ostatnim półwieczu znaleźć można aż trzy koncepcje na ten temat. I tak, w latach dwudziestych i trzydziestych logika formalna uważana była przez marksistów za teoretyczny wyraz antydialektycznego sposobu myśli burżuazyjnej. Kolejny okres (...) - lata pięćdziesiąte i sześćdziesiąte to okres godzenia logiki formalnej i dialektyki i wreszcie w latach sześćdziesiątych i siedemdziesiątych zdecydowano się na odseparowanie tych dwóch rzeczy. (shrink)

Автор пытается защищать и систематизировать ленинские утверкдения теории отражения, которую хочет охватить в единый комплекс тезисов и теоретических понятий. Эта теория выражает идею, что материальный мир существует независимо от познающего субъект, а познание субъектом этого мира является верным отражением в человеческом разуме. Подлинность этого познания подтверждена обцзтвенно-исторической практикой человечества. Только как целостность взаимосвязанных утверждений, касающихся реальности существования реального Оыта и его познания, ленинская теория отражения может быть филосовской Теорией, являющейся составной частью диалектического материализма.

In the present study, we explored the role of liking in the social induction of affect. Dispositional likeability was manipulated by written reports describing a sender as a likeable or dislikeable character. Afterwards participants watched short videos presenting the sender displaying happy or sad emotional expressions. We expected that exposure to the likeable sender would lead to reactions concordant with his emotional expression, whereas exposure to the dislikeable sender would result in discordant reactions. The results indicated that dispositional likeability influenced (...) the social induction of affect when the sender expressed positive emotions. Moreover, liking mediated the effects of the happy sender’s dispositional likeability on participants’ affective state. Exposure to the sad sender, however, led to assimilation regardless of the sender’s dispositional likeability. (shrink)

In the Czech Republic, the year 2016 saw nationwide celebrations of the seven-hundredth anniversary of the birth of Charles iv, King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor (1316-1378). Dominating the event, a grand exhibition, titled “Emperor Charles iv 1316-2016, the First Czech-Bavarian Land Exhibition”, was organized by the National Gallery in Prague and the Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg and launched by both countries’ highest governemental and church representatives. From the perspective of 2016, the author looks back to similar yet completely different (...) celebrations of the six-hundredth anniversary of the death of Charles iv in 1978 during the period of “normalization” in the Czech Republic. Based on archival documents, historical press, and exhibition catalogues, the article depicts the political backdrop of the similarly spectacular exhibitions held in Prague Castle, Nuremberg, and Cologne. In the socialist Czechoslovakia of 1978, the art of the Luxembourg Era was held hostage and exploited as a tool of political power. At the same time, art history teetered on the edge between scientific research and the pressure of ideology. Rok 2016 se nesl v České republice ve znamení celonárodních oslav 700. narození českého krále a římského císaře Karla IV. Lucemburského (1316-1378). Během roku byl uspořádán bezpočet výstav v galeriích, muzeích i ve veřejném prostoru a Karel IV. vstoupil prakticky do všech masmédií a mediálních strategií. Zapojily se i univerzity a ústavy Akademie věd. Oslavám vévodila grandiózní výstava, uspořádaná Národní galerií ve spolupráci s Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg nejprve v Praze a poté v Norimberku. Byla nazvána „Císař Karel IV. 1316-2016, první česko-bavorská zemská výstava“ a zahajovali ji nejvyšší představitelé vlády i církve obou zemí. Klára Benešovská se vrací v zorném úhlu těchto velkolepých akcí roku 2016 k podobným, a přece zcela jiným oslavám 600. výročí úmrtí Karla IV. v roce 1978, tedy v době hluboké normalizace v České republice, která zavládla po potlačení tzv. Pražského jara invazí spojeneckých vojsk tehdejší Varšavské smlouvy. Na základě archivních dokumentů, dobového tisku a výstavních katalogů odkrývá politické zákulisí tehdejších neméně velkolepých výstav v Praze na Pražském hradě a v sousedním Německu, v Norimberku a Kolíně nad Rýnem, provázených rovněž vědeckými konferencemi. Umění se stalo ve službách ideologie do značné míry rukojmím. V Praze bylo v područí komunistické strany a vlády, která nařídila pojmout výstavu o Karlovi IV. jako ukázku uměleckého a společenského vývoje směřujícího od slovanských počátků k zářivé socialistické současnosti. V Norimberku na císařské falci byla výstava “Kaiser Karl IV. Staatsmann und Mäzen” organizována historiky, kteří vesměs pocházeli z území někdejších Sudet, a mohli se opřít o své bádání z předválečných a válečných let v České republice. Přizvali však ke spolupráci i několik kolegů českých. Třetí, a z hlediska dějin umění přelomovou událostí, byla výstava uspořádaná v Kunsthalle v Kolíně nad Rýnem, “Die Parler und der schöne Stil 1350-1400. Europäische Kunst unter den Luxemburgern”. Její hlavní autor, tehdejší ředitel Schnütgen-Museum, Anton Legner rovněž rodák z českých Sudet, ji pojal výsostně uměleckohistoricky a podařilo se mu na ní shromáždit díla z obou stran železné opony v nebývalém a již nikdy neopakovaném množství. Získání zápůjček z čssr a účasti předních českých uměleckých historiků dosáhl díky oficiální žádosti o tuto spolupráci, vyslovenou německým prezidentem Walterem Scheelem při první návštěvě českého prezidenta Gustava Husáka v Německu. S výsledky kolínské výstavy a zejména doprovodných pěti publikací se pak evropské bádání vyrovnávalo léta; staly se paradigmatem v bádání o umění doby Lucemburků a ohlašovaly střídání generačních názorů a metodologií. České medievistické bádání však v porovnání s německými akcemi zůstalo do značné míry nadále „ve vězení“ i přesto, že maximum svého úsilí vložilo do kvalitní instalace středověkého umění v rámci výstavy na Pražském hradě. Připravený vědecký katalog ale zůstal nevydán, mezinárodní účast na vědecké konferenci byla mizivá a sborník svojí typografií špatný. Jediným výsledkem byl průvodce, jehož vzhled i obsah je dodnes příznačným svědectvím o Art(history) in Prison v čssr roku 1978. (shrink)

Justice is a contested concept. There are many different and competing conceptions, i.e. interpretations of the concept. Different domains of justice deal with different fields of application of justice claims, such as structural justice, distributive justice, participatory justice or recognition. We present a formal conceptual structure of justice applicable to all these domains. We show that conceptions of justice can be described by specifying the following conceptual elements: the judicandum, the community of justice including claim holders and claim addressees, their (...) claims, the informational base for the assessment, the principles of justice, and on a more practical level, the instruments of justice. By specifying these conceptual elements of justice, it is possible to analyse and compare different conceptions of justice, to assess their internal consistency, to explore new definitions of justice in an analytical way, and to explicate an idea of justice in a manner that provides concrete links to the relevant context. (shrink)

The David Lewis’s article concerns the issue of penal substitution in the dual context of the contemporary system of criminal law, in which punishment does not perform a compensatory function, and in the context of the Christian interpretation of Christ’s death as Atonement. It may seem that we do not believe in penal substitution, but in fact we do believe in it selectively. There are Christians who believe that Christ’s death is a payment of the debt of punishment owed by (...) the sinners, but do not believe that a murderer’s friend can serve on his behalf a death sentence. Most of us believe in penal substitution with reference to fines but not other kinds of punishment. In both cases the beliefs concerning penal substitution are clearly inconsistent. However, if selective acceptance of penal substitution is so common, perhaps it makes sense after all. (shrink)

In 1143, a Premonstratensian abbey with a church dedicated to Mary was founded on Prague's Strahov hill, and the place was called Mons Sion. One of its founders was Jindřich Zdík, a Moravian bishop, who had been a member of the chapter of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem in 1137-38. After returning to Bohemia, Bishop Zdik worked to implement church reforms with the help of regular canons and, later, assistance from the Premonstratensians from Steinfeld. Mons Sion evoked Jerusalem not only (...) through its placement and dedication, but also through its monumental architecture without decoration: its plainness, displaying without distraction the building's harmonious proportions and technically perfect construction, was a response to the proclaimed reforms. the workshop of the abbey played a major role in the twelfth-century building boom of Romanesque Prague. The route of the Palm Sunday pilgrimage processions between the Přemyslid castle and Strahov also confirmed the importance of Mons Sion. The pilgrimages were patterned after the Jerusalem processions between the Holy Sepulchre and Mount Zion. Mons Sion, the Přemyslid castle and the Knights of St. John thus formed a symbolic triangle on the left bank of Vltava river, connected by a new stone bridge to the settlement of the right bank and the other Přemyslid residence, Vyšehrad. (shrink)

This book describes the state of astrobiology in Europe today and its relation to the European society at large. With contributions from authors in more than 20 countries and over 30 scientific institutions worldwide, the document illustrates the societal implications of astrobiology and the positive contribution that astrobiology can make to European society. The book has two main objectives: 1. It recommends the establishment of a European Astrobiology Institute (EAI) as an answer to a series of challenges relating to astrobiology (...) but also European research, education, and society at large. 2. It also acknowledges the societal implications of astrobiology, and thus the role of the social sciences and humanities in optimizing the positive contribution that astrobiology can make to the lives of the people of Europe and the challenges they face. (shrink)

To deal with the upcoming challenges and complexity of the nursing profession, it is deemed important to reflect on our current organization of care. However, before starting to rethink the organization of nursing care, an overview of important elements concerning nursing care organization, more specifically nursing models, is necessary. The aim of this study was to conduct a mapping review, accompanied by an evidence map to map the existing literature, to map the field of knowledge on a meta‐level and to (...) identify current research gaps concerning nursing models in a hospital setting. Next to nursing models, two other organizational correlates seem to be of importance when looking at the organization of nursing care: nurse staffing and skill mix. Although it seems that in recent research, the theoretical focus on the organization of nursing care has been left behind, the increasingly complex healthcare environment might gain from the use of nursing theory, or in this case, care delivery models. As almost no fundamental studies have been done toward the combination of care delivery models, nurse staffing, and skill mix, those elements should be taken into account to fully capture the organization of nursing care in future research. (shrink)

Since the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in 2005, interest has increased in cultural ecosystem services (CESs) research to understand the complexity of the non-material benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. The intangible and interactive characteristics of CESs present many challenges regarding how to approach, quantify and even define CESs. In this paper, we suggest looking at CESs through the lens of embodied and situated cognition theories. We advocate that such an approach should be applied to the development stage of CES research (...) projects, as the embodied and situated experience of the site aids the development of research questions and future interventions. We described a case study—namely, the Environmental Empathy Research Challenge, which took place during the ColLaboratoire 2020 Research Residency in the Philippines. This case shows how interactive, embodied and situated workshops, such as Embodied Empathy and Walking Maps, contributed to developing a research proposal and a novel research framework, ecological embodied cognition (EEC). EEC focuses on the concept of environmental empathy to redefine the human-environment relationship. Further, based on an example of a participatory research activity, Sensing-Playing-Moving, we examined how interventions founded upon EEC principles enhance environmental empathy. (shrink)

Previous studies have emphasized a person’s biological sex as a factor which influences online search behavior. This study aims to investigate how people search online for political information and if gendered online search exists. We examined online search behavior via eye tracking while the participants searched for information about political party positions on the Internet. A content analysis of the eye tracking data followed and was evaluated with a special focus on the role of biological sex and social gender, and (...) the relationship of both factors with other variables, such as self-reported prior political knowledge, political interest, and Internet skills. The results accord with previous studies in that the sex influences the online search process. However, this relationship was partially mediated by self-reported political interest and prior knowledge. This outcome calls for a more critical use of the sex variable in reference to political online search behavior, and the inclusion of sex and gender related variables. (shrink)

The concept of love has emerged as a central topic for philosophical and theoretical discussion over the past few years. Whereas the dominant ideology of love in contemporary culture insists that love be understood as a discovery of my long lost second half with whom I merge and finally recreate a whole, contemporary philosophers and theorists have stressed the need to reconsider the concept of love within an ethical framework that can sustain the idea of the other as forever different (...) and separate. Taking as a starting point two different taxi scenes offered by Foucault and Woolf respectively, the article outlines and discusses those two contemporary love grammars, focusing on the concepts of lack and fantasy. Whereas Woolf’s taxi scene is reminiscent of a notion of love as a fantasy of unification, Foucault’s notion of love not only observes the need to maintain the other’s specificity and separateness, but also considers lack and fantasy to be primary and fundamental parts of love as lived experience. While Foucault insists on pleasure and action he also observes the central and unavoidable power of imagination that is attributed the name and function of recollection. The article finally addresses the question of if and how we might be responsible for our daydreams and fantasies. (shrink)

The future of work has become a pressing matter of concern: Researchers, business consultancies, and industrial companies are intensively studying how new work models could be best implemented to increase workplace flexibility and creativity. In particular, the agile model has become one of the “must-have” elements for re-organizing work practices, especially for technology development work. However, the implementation of agile work often comes together with strong presumptions: it is regarded as an inevitable tool that can be universally integrated into different (...) workplaces while having the same outcome of flexibility, transparency, and flattened hierarchies everywhere. This paper challenges such essentializing assumptions by turning agile work into a “matter of care.” We argue that care work occurs in contexts other than feminized reproductive work, namely, technology development. Drawing on concepts from feminist Science and Technology Studies and ethnographic research at agile technology development workplaces in Germany and Kenya, we examine what work it takes to actually keep up with the imperative of agile work. The analysis brings the often invisibilized care practices of human and nonhuman actors to the fore that are necessary to enact and stabilize the agile promises of flexibilization, co-working, and rapid prototyping. Revealing the caring sociotechnical relationships that are vital for working agile, we discuss the emergence of power asymmetries characterized by hierarchies of skills that are differently acknowledged in the daily work of technology development. The paper ends by speculating on the emancipatory potential of a care perspective, by which we seek to inspire careful Emancipatory Technology Studies. (shrink)

This dissertation aims to develop a program resource for helping and mental health professionals to foster proactive coping and diminish dysfunctional coping from work stressors. Professionals succumb to chronic stressors and secondary traumatic stress due to their vocation, often disregarding self-care. Should this type of resource be implemented, psychological and social resources would be required. The need for proactive coping is a generally accepted concept, but helping and mental health professionals often lack resources, limiting advocacy and resilience. Self-help resources are (...) frequently perceived as self-indulgence, in addition to the concept that professionals provide care, not the clients receiving care. Moreover, victimization by stigmas and emotional contagion surrounds helping and mental health professions. Addressing these concerns by implementing an accessible and advocate-heavy website may mitigate experienced ramifications by increasing retention, psychological well-being, resilience, and support. Most importantly, it may reduce maladaptive behaviors and standardize professional self-care. (shrink)

Childhood trauma is associated with many interpersonal and psychosocial problems in adulthood. The aim of this study was to explore the associations with a spiritual area of personality, namely religious and spiritual struggles (R/S struggles). A nationally representative sample of 1,000 Czech respondents aged 15 years and older participated in the survey. All types of CT were associated with an increased level of all six types of R/S struggles, with the highest values for demonic struggles. Thus, the findings of this (...) study might be important for clinical practice and pastoral care as well as a further research. (shrink)

Research objective: identify ways to improve the training process of athletes-veterans of the group "Health" in handball; determine the place of psychological training and its component - mental training in the training process of athletes-veterans of the group "Health" in handball; experimental testing of the dynamics of technical and tactical readiness of athletes, indicating the effectiveness of determining ways to improve the process under study.

Swedish beef and dairy farmers are currently facing a challenging financial situation. Simultaneously, beef farming contributes significant environmental impacts. To support farmers, actors from the whole value chain are now promoting Swedish beef as particularly ‘sustainable’. The paper draws on critical discourse analysis of interviews with and documents from the largest Swedish supermarket chain ICA, Swedish farmer organisations and farmers to study how ICA and farmers articulate sustainability and their responsibility for the same. Articulations are subsequently discussed in the light (...) of actual environmental impacts of beef production and the distribution of power in the beef value chain. The findings suggest that negative environmental impacts and farmers’ struggles are largely hidden in the dominant articulation of sustainability. Furthermore, ICA does not use the power it has to steer consumers toward reduced beef consumption. We conclude with suggesting more open deliberation about current levels of beef sales and consumption and about what compromises to make when striving for ‘sustainable’ beef consumption. (shrink)

The author argues that the moral of the Frankfurt stories is this: if causal determinism rules out moral responsibility, it is not in virtue of eliminating alternative possibilities, and replies the most important challenge to this claim, namely an argument called “The Dilemma Defense.”.

The author presents a model of moral responsibility based on the actual sequence and the notion of reason-responsiveness, and draws an analogy between this model and Robert Nozick’s model of knowledge based on the actual sequence. In addition, the concept of semicompatibilism is introduced and explained.