Diese Untersuchung beschaftigt sich mit den Bedingungen der Moglichkeit sinnvoller religioser Rede auf dem Hintergrund der Uberlegungen Wittgensteins. Scheinen zunachst - dem eindimensionalen Sprachparadigma seiner Fruhphilosophie entsprechend - keine solchen Bedingungen benennbar, so ergeben sich durch das mehrdimensionale Sprachparadigma der Spatphilosophie ganz neue Moglichkeiten. Jetzt sind nicht nur die Bedingungen der Moglichkeit sinnvollen religiosen Redens auf neue Weise wieder gegeben, sondern auch konkrete Aussagen uber die Art und Weise theologischen Redens mit gesetzt. Demnach verbieten sich bestimmte, vor allem vermittlungstheologische Denkweisen, (...) weil sie auf Vorstellungen beruhen, die nach Wittgenstein nicht mehr haltbar sind. Als eine Aufgabe von Theologie wird nun die Darstellung der Selbstvergewisserung der eigenen so genannten grammatischen Satze deutlich. Aus dieser Perspektive heraus wird skizziert, wie die Symboltheorie Paul Tillichs weiter entwickelt werden musste, um die fundamentaltheologischen Implikationen der Philosophie Wittgensteins aufzunehmen.". (shrink)

Biografie van de Duitse filosoof Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860).

James Fitzjames Stephen is remembered as a judge, legal historian, and the author of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, a reply to J. S. Mill's late works. He is less well remembered for his journalism, though it earned him a reputation among his contemporaries as one of the most trenchant writers on topics ranging across the social, religious, political, moral, and philosophical questions debated in his time. It was largely in his journalistic writing that Stephen set forth his views on these questions. (...) Despite such a reputation, however, only a small proportion of this writing was collected during his lifetime, and very little has been republished since his death.Selected Writings of James Fitzjames Stephen: On Society, Religion, and Government includes thirty-five essays expressing Stephen's views on the questions of his day, which have not lost their interest in ours. He wrote at a time when much of the finest writing in English was published in periodicals, often anonymously. The essays in this volume are drawn mostly from Stephen's unsigned contributions to the Saturday Review, with additions, both signed and unsigned, from other periodicals, extending from the 1850s to the 1880s. (shrink)

The newly private corporation challenges scholars to re-examine corporate social responsibility under a markedly different governance system. We theorize regarding the implications of public corporations going private through use of private equity. The new governance system includes few owners and an expert, involved board of directors; combined with a greatly reduced public presence, public-to-private firms are proposed to place greater emphasis on financial performance and lesser emphasis on social performance. Several variables are proposed to moderate the lesser emphasis on social (...) performance. (shrink)

Research on a wide range of medical and non-medical conditions has demonstrated the power of the placebo effect but also calls for the necessity to better understand its psychological mechanisms. The placebo effect appears to be elicited by meaning and expectation. However, expectations have been explored by accounts based on conscious thoughts . In this paper, a functionally oriented approach is introduced which favors the functional properties of mental systems whose operations need not be conscious. It is maintained that only (...) one specific mental system, called extension memory, qualifies to produce the placebo effect since it consists of implicit, parallel-holistic networks integrating aspects and providing self-regulatory mechanisms. On the basis of this line of reasoning, experimentally testable research ideas are presented. (shrink)

Die erste Darstellung der Wissenschaftslehre nach der Vorlesung von 1801/1802 bietet bereits eine vollständige Wissenschaftslehre und nicht nur die Grundlage derselben. Sie behandelt aber neben der Lehre vom absoluten Wissen und von dieser aus das System der Entfaltungen des Wissens, also nicht allein wie die Wissenschaftslehren von 1804 und 1805 den ersten Teil, die "philosophia prima", d. i. die Lehre vom Absoluten und vom absoluten Wissen. Sie ist damit in charakteristischer Weise von diesen unterschieden.