Arapçada izâfet bütünleşik bir yapı arz eden ve ögeleri arasındaki kuvvetli bağ sebebiyle iki isimli bu yapının müfred isim mesabesinde kabul edildiği bir dizilimdir. Bu yapıyı oluşturan kelimelerin diziliminde herhangi bir yer değişimi olmamakla birlikte şiir zarureti gibi oldukça istisna sayılabilecek durumlar dışında bu iki ismin arasına başka bir sözün girmesi de karşılaşılan bir durum değildir. Sözü bu derece kuvvetli bir yapıyla ifade etmenin birtakım anlamsal gerekçeleri bulunmaktadır. Ancak yine anlamın etkili olduğu başka gerekçeler, izâfetle ifadesi mümkün olan bir sözün (...) farklı dizilimlerle dile getirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma Arapçada izâfetle ifadesi mümkün olmakla birlikte farklı yapılarla meydana getirilen dizilimleri tespit edip incelemektedir. Çalışma bir yandan izâfetle ilişkili olup gramerde farklı başlıklar altında yer alan dizilimleri analiz edip değerlendirerek bir arada sunmayı, bir yandan da bu dizilimlerin yapısal farklılıklarını ve farklılığın anlamsal gerekçelerini değerlendirerek konunun öğretimine yönelik veriler oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır. Konunun yapısal boyutunda bu dizilimlerin izâfetten farkı ve dönüşümün biçimsel boyuta nasıl yansıdığı incelenmektedir. Anlamsal boyutta ise izâfet ve izâfet dışındaki dizilimlerin tercihinde etkili olan anlamsal faktörler incelenmektedir. Her dizilimin biçime yansıyan kendine has oluşturulma gerekçesi olmakla beraber izâfetin tercihinde veciz olmasının, izâfet formunun değişimiyle elde edilen ifadelerde ise çalışmada ayrıntıları izah edilen diğer sebeplerin etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. (shrink)

Haspelmath argues that linguists who conduct comparative research and try to explain patterns that are general across languages can only consider two sources of these patterns: convergent cultural evolution of languages, which provides functional explanations of these phenomena, or innate building blocks for syntactic structure, specified in the human cognitive system. This paper claims that convergent cultural evolution and functional-adaptive explanations are not sufficient to explain the existence of certain crosslinguistic phenomena. The argument is based on comparative evidence of generalizations (...) based on Rizzi and Cinque's theories of cartographic syntax, which imply the existence of finely ordered and complex innate categories. I argue that these patterns cannot be explained in functional-adaptive terms alone. (shrink)

Just war theory has a long history, during which it changed its nature and its constituent components. Its purpose was to justify and limit the evil of war. The term just war is found in Aristotle in his work "Politics" and is used in describing the wars fought by the Greeks "in the name of the spread of culture and civilization" against non-Greeks, because they were considered barbarians. In fact, the cause of these wars was the expansion of political and (...) economic control over new territories. (shrink)

Yūsuf al-Ardabīlī is one of the Shāfiʿī jurists who lived in Azerbaijan in the 8th century of Hijri. This scholar, whose birth date we couldn’t find any information about, even though it has been searched in both local and foreign literature, died in Ardabīl in the year 799/1397 as bibliographical scholars agreed on. Ardabīlī is a person known by his work al-Anwār li-aʿmāl al-abrār, which he dedicated to Shāfiʿī jurisprudence, and someone with jurisprudential knowledge whom Shāfiʿī jurists benefit from. In (...) his work on jurisprudence (furūʿ al-fiqh), al-Anwār, he discussed the issues without delving deeply into evidences and partially mentioned uṣūl al-fiqh. Yūsuf al-Ardabīlī addressed the topics in his work by classifying them as acts of worship (ʿibādāt), transactions (muʿāmalāt), inheritance (farāʾiḍ), marriage and divorce (munākaḥāt-mufāraqāt), punishments (ʿuqūbāt), the conduct of judges (adab al-qāḍī), and freeing slaves (ʿitq). Moreover, in his work, he provides explanations that shed light on recent studies by addressing the subject of fatwā in detail. By addressing the fatwā institutions, Ardabīlī includes information on topics like the etiquette of istiftāʾ, fatwā with sharīʿah tricks (ḥiyal sharʿiyyah), and exceptions in divorce (ṭalāq). Because no academic studies have been done on his explanations in this field, the subject requires further attention. Additionally, presenting his explanations on the fatwā institution to the scholarly community is greatly important for shedding light on future studies. Islamic jurists recognize fatwā activities as a duty that requires responsibility in terms of religion and worldly life. Therefore, they do not favor the participation of those who lack knowledge and the capability of deducing religious rulings from sharīʿah evidences in fatwā activities.This study aims to contribute to the Islamic jurisprudence literature by addressing the principles of fatwā procedure through Ardabīlī’s perspective in his work, al-Anwār. (shrink)

Nazariyat, Journal for the History of Islamic Philosophy and Sciences, issued twice a year in English and Turkish (Nazariyat İslam Felsefe ve Bilim Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi), is a refereed international journal. It publishes original studies, critical editions of classical texts and book reviews on Islamic philosophy, kalām, theoretical aspects of Sufism and the history of sciences. The goal of Nazariyat is to contribute to the discovery, examination and reinterpretation of the theoretical traditions in the history of Islamic thought, by giving (...) special attention to the post-classical period of it. **ISSN: 2148-8088 E-ISBN: 2547-9415**. (shrink)

Statʹi, razmyshlenii︠a︡, ocherki -- Pisʹma v redakt︠s︡ii -- Perepiska s chlenami Soi︠u︡za svobodomysli︠a︡shchikh -- Pisʹma k M.I. Barskoĭ -- Perepiska mezhdu K.P. Krizhanovskim i I.G. Khusidom -- Iz materialov dela K.P. Krizhanovskogo.

This paper provides an analysis of the Preface and Chapter 1 of Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. It will be translated into German, and published in a volume edited by Markus Seidel.