Pueden identificarse cuatro estrategias principales de tratar la cuestión ambiental de acuerdo al marco rawlsiano. Extender la posición original o el principio de igualdad de oportunidades afecta a la concepción de la justicia. Reconocer límites naturales o ambientales a nivel de esencia constitucional o abrir la fase legislativa a la justicia ambiental afectan al liberalismo político. En cualquiera de ellas, el esquema sólo permitiría ir más lejos cuestionando la visión nacional-estatal de sociedad cooperativa.

El texto hace una revisión de las diferentes teorías del diseño que han enfrentado a los principales representantes del campo de la estética durante el siglo XX. Para ello utiliza algunos de los textos teóricos de William Morris, Adolf Loos o Lewis Mumford y los pone en diálogo con otros de Theodor W. Adorno y otros representantes de la Escuela de Frankfort. De esta manera buscamos dar respuesta a las preguntas ya clásicas: ¿arte o diseño?, ¿forma o contenido?, ¿cuál es (...) el valor del diseño? (shrink)

In Latin America, policies on inclusive education in the university are implemented in an irrelevant way, despite the foundations that seek a university that guarantees in all students the learning, skills and competences they need. To try to provide solutions, the Social Model of Inclusive Education (MSEI) is proposed, which allows identifying management in inclusive education, by calculating the effectiveness index, using the cause-effect structure among three variables: i) policies in inclusive education, ii) conditions presented by students and iii) attitudes (...) towards students. The variables are derived into indicator variables, developing items that allow the collection of information with all the members of a higher education institution; thus formalizing a mathematical model of structural equations. The MSEI was applied as a pilot plan in a higher education institution in Ecuador, showing that the management effectiveness index in inclusive education is 60.3%, related to a work of greater weight in indicator variables such as: support that provides the educational institution to the students, the socio-economic situation of the students and the differentiated assessment of learning. (shrink)

Meaning in sensory language is often built through figurative mechanisms, such as synesthetic metaphors, where a sensorial domain is used to talk about perceptions from a different sense, as in sweet[taste] texture[touch]. The motivation of synesthetic transfers of meaning has been studied in general and literary language, resulting in attempts to reveal universal patterns regarding the directionality of meaning transfer and sensorial conceptual preference. However, those universals have not been proven in any sensory Language for Specific Purposes (LSP). We a (...) sensory LSP corpus of olive oil tasing notes in English to explore the nature of these metaphors, test existent models and explanatory accounts and identify tendencies present in synesthetic meaning transfers. The computer-assisted semi-automatic scalable methodology followed consists of the innovative quasi-simultaneous identification of semantic incongruences and the classification of synesthetic expressions in the discourse according to the source and target sensorial domains. Results show the inadequacy of existent models to explain synesthetic behavior in olive oil tasting language. The patterns found are discussed in the light of cognitive constraints and LSP genre analysis to conclude that a multi-causal approach is needed to explain the motivation of synesthetic transfers of meaning. (shrink)

The debate concerning the proper way of understanding, and hence solving, the “is-ought problem” produced two mutually exclusive positions. One position claims that it is entirely impossible to deduce an imperative statement from a set of factual statements. The other position holds a contrary view to the effect that one can naturally derive an imperative statement from a set of factual statements under certain conditions. Although these two positions have opposing views concerning the problem, it should be evident that they (...) both accept that the “is-ought problem” is concerned with the deducibility of imperative statements from factual statements. Later I will argue that this should not be our concern when we try to make sense of the way we reason about morality. (shrink)

Joaquín M. Fuster is an eminent cognitive neuroscientist whose research over the last five decades has made fundamental contributions to our understanding of the neural structures underlying cognition and behaviour. This book provides his view on the eternal question of whether we have free will. Based on his seminal work on the functions of the prefrontal cortex in decision-making, planning, creativity, working memory, and language, Professor Fuster argues that the liberty or freedom to choose between alternatives is a function (...) of the cerebral cortex, under prefrontal control, in its reciprocal interaction with the environment. Freedom is therefore inseparable from that circular relationship. The Neuroscience of Freedom and Creativity is a fascinating inquiry into the cerebral foundation of our ability to choose between alternative actions and to freely lead creative plans to their goal. (shrink)

In ‘What on Earth is Logic?’, Michael Shenefelt and Heidi White offer this observation about the nature of logic: ‘If one tries to justify logic logically, one ends up arguing in a circle’. From this, they conclude that ‘logic is a horizon beyond which none of our earnest self-reflecting arguments can help us see’. While there is much to appreciate in how they developed this idea, there are several worrying points that could still be raised against their view. In this (...) article, we outline such problems.Export citation. (shrink)

In this essay, I would like to look at two particular attempts of developing a preliminary question that paves the way for establishing a Filipino Philosophy: viz. Rolando Gripaldo’s Historian of Philosophy approach and Napoleon Mabaquiao’s Strict Discipline approach. The former envisages that the first question that needs to be considered in the discussion of Filipino Philosophy must be taken from the perspective of a scholar of the history of philosophy. The latter’s procedure is to take what academic philosophers deem (...) to be the characterization of their discipline. In effect, while the former’s question is a question of a historian of philosophy; the latter’s question is a question of a philosopher. As this essay progresses I will try to make a critical assessment of the two attempts by first showing the strengths and weaknesses of their respective attempts, and secondly by stressing that their attempts, whether successful or not, should already be taken as contributions to the effort of establishing a Filipino Philosophy. (shrink)

In this paper, I offer a reconstruction of Wittgenstein's view of the happy life by sketching out three interconnected themes in his early works. The first theme is the distinction between a science of ethics and the ethical. The second is the idea of the willing subject. And finally, the third is the possibility of the happy life.

In recent years, a new factor for work stress has been studied along with stress as an offense to self-theory. Illegitimate tasks refer to assignments that are unnecessary or are not related to the employee’s role. Because of this, the Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale was developed, which measures illegitimate tasks in terms of unreasonable tasks and unnecessary tasks. There are no studies in Latin America on illegitimate tasks, so the purpose of this research is to translate and validate the Bern (...) Illegitimate Tasks Scale. The study was performed with a sample of nursing staff from a hospital in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Written informed consent was obtained from each of the participants. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated and its structural validity was verified by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency of the whole scale, measured by Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.857. Moreover, the unnecessary and unreasonable subscales measure were 0.846 and 0.841, respectively. The exploratory factor analysis supported a two-factor model that explained 73.96% of the variance. Additionally, the confirmatory factor analysis showed good indexes of fit. The Spanish version of the Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale presents good psychometric properties and can be applied to nurses in the Ecuadorian population. (shrink)

In ‘Many-valued Logics’, a lecture broadcast over New Zealand's public radio in 1957, Arthur N. Prior (1914–1969) complained that conjunctions are put ‘to something like forced labour’ in Łukasiewicz's three-valued semantics, Ł3. In this paper, we discuss what Prior might have meant by this.

Da Ré and Szmuc argue that while there is a symmetry between ‘infectious’ and ‘immune’ logics, this symmetry fails w.r.t. extending an algebra with an immune or an infectious element. In this paper, I show that the symmetry also fails w.r.t. defining a new logical operation from a given set of primitive (Boolean) operations. I use the case of the material conditional to illustrate this point.

Theodore Sider’s puzzle in Hell and Vagueness has generated some interesting responses in the past few years. In this paper, I explore yet another possible solution out of the conundrum. This solution implies three ways of denying a binary conception of the afterlife. I argue that while these solutions might first seem tenable, they might still succumb to a Sideresque revenge puzzle.

In his Formal Logic, Arthur N. Prior declared that Jan Łukasiewicz's logical notation is ‘unquestionably the best logical symbolism for most purposes’. Whether he had a substantive, and...

Este texto analiza el cambio en la noción de enfermedad que se produjo en el siglo V a.c. a través de la comparación entre _nosos, insania y peste_ en las tragedias de Sófocles con el nuevo proceso diagnóstico que se pone en marcha con el establecimiento del corpus hipocrático. Analizando las causas, la cura y el ser de la enfermedad en el Filoctetes, el Ayax y Edipo Rey, podremos observar las distancias con respecto a la concepción técnica y racional del (...) diagnóstico hipocrático y delimitar así los procesos de desarrollo técnico, democratización del saber y de pérdida de autoridad divina que posibilitarán una medicina liberada, en tanto saber, de sus ancestrales raíces religiosas. (shrink)

The analysis of the confession in Foucault's work based on the comparison between Les anormaux, Mal faire, dire vrai and Les aveux de la chair shows one of the most relevant displacements in Foucault's work, which constitutes a good part of the essence of what has been called the last Foucault: the relation of the subject and the truth. An attempt will be made to account for this turn, analyzing the look at primitive Christianity of the last Foucault and the (...) relationship of such reflection in the analysis of the hermeneutics of the self. The last reflections on the confession in Les aveux de la chair will show the meaning of the ethical inquiry of the last Foucault that reproduces the double critical and ontological character of anarcheology. (shrink)

A partir de la noción grassiana de humanismo y del renovador concepto de éste, el autor propone una diferenciada visión de los "distintos" humanismos, así como del papel desempeñado por Vico en esta tradición.Through Grassi's innovator idea of humanism, the author proposes a distinguished vision of the "different" humanisms, as well as of the role accomplished by Vico in this tradition.

Este trabajo se propone analizar las diferencias entre clases sociales en el uso de mecanismos de acceso al empleo en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires según distintos entornos residenciales, haciendo foco en la clase obrera. Se comparará entre la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y el primer cordón del conurbano bonaerense y el segundo y tercer cordón. Se distinguirá entre mecanismos de acceso al empleo basados en la movilización de lazos sociales, fuertes o débiles, ligados a distintas instituciones y (...) ámbitos de socialización, como la familia, el barrio, la escuela, la universidad, el trabajo, etc., y el acceso al empleo sin el uso de lazos sociales. Se analizaron también las pautas del uso de lazos en la clase obrera desde una perspectiva intrageneracional (ocupaciones anteriores) y el vínculo entre el uso de lazos y el acceso a una ocupación formal o informal. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa con datos provenientes de la encuesta del PI-Clases “Reproducción y movilidad social en trayectorias familiares y cursos de vida” (2015-2016), cuya muestra es probabilística y su unidad de análisis son personas de ambos sexos de entre 25 y 65 años del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Los principales hallazgos son las diferencias en el uso de lazos sociales según el entorno residencial y la importancia del uso de los lazos barriales para la clase obrera no calificada. A su vez, el uso de lazos sociales (y principalmente los barriales) está asociado al acceso a trabajos informales. (shrink)

This paper inquires the emergency of modern individualism and the role of Botticelli´s Primavera in their initial imaginary development. The focus is placed on four analytical levels: (1) the level of difference in a superficial representative naturalist order between human figures; (2) the level ..

Aún a falta de la imprescindible perspectiva temporal, se presentan aquí (1) una tesis sobre el movimiento 15M en su fase inicial de las acampadas: su discurso político en su fase de emergencia es un republicanismo cívico democrático de marca blanca sin referencias teóricas o filosóficas; y (2) varias hipótesis: se trata de un fenómeno político en sentido fuerte, producto del civismo bienestarista, sin conexión con movimientos sociales alternativos y sus ideologías, con una concepción novedosa de sí mismo como sujeto, (...) y que desafía el papel de los cuerpos intermedios en el ámbito de la sociedad civil, desde partidos hasta movimientos sociales. (shrink)

Sally Haslanger is Ford Professor of Philosophy and Women's and Gender Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a leading contemporary feminist philosopher. She has worked on analytic metaphysics, epistemology, and ancient philosophy. Her areas of interest are social and political philosophy, feminist theory, and critical race theory. Her 2012 book, Resisting Reality: Social Construction and Social Critique, collects papers published over the course of twenty years that link work in contemporary metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of language with social (...) and political issues concerning gender, race, and the family. It was awarded the 2014 Joseph B. Gittler Prize for “outstanding scholarly contribution in the field of the philosophy of one or more of the social sciences.” In this interview, done in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the #BlackLivesMatter movement, we discuss her ideas on social practices, social structure, and structural explanation. We also delve into her debunking project of elucidating the notion of ideology in a way that links it with contemporary work in epistemology, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind, and to do justice to the materiality of social practices and social structures. (shrink)

In “God of the Gaps: A Neglected Reply to God’s Stone Problem”, Jc Beall and A. J. Cotnoir offer a gappy solution to the paradox of (unrestricted) omnipotence that is typified by the classic stone problem. Andrew Tedder and Guillermo Badia, however, have recently argued that this solution could not be extended to a more serious Curry-like version of the paradox. In this paper, we show that such a gappy solution does extend to it.