Verbal fluency is a basic function of language that refers to the ability to produce fluent speech. Despite being an essentially linguistic function, its measurements are also used to evaluate executive aspects of verbal behavior. Performance in verbal fluency (VF) tasks varies according to age, education, and cognitive development. Neurodevelopmental disorders that affect the functioning of frontal areas tend to cause lower performance in VF tasks. Despite the relative consensus that has been reached in terms of the use of VF (...) tasks for the diagnosis of dyslexia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, few studies have considered regional variations in Brazil. The present study sought to provide normative data on VF tasks in children by considering gender, age, education, and geopolitical region of origin with auxiliary purposes in neuropsychological diagnosis of disorders that occur with executive changes The study included 298 participants, 7-10 years of age of both genders, who performed three letter fluency tasks and three category fluency tasks. The data were subjected to correlational and variance analyses, with age and gender as factors. No effect of gender on the children’s performance was found. However, significant differences between age groups were observed, with better performance in letter tasks in older children and better performance in letter tasks compared with category tasks. Significant regional differences in performance on the letter VF task were observed. These results reinforce the importance of regional normative data in countries with high regional cultural variations, such as Brazil. (shrink)

Le titre de « philosophe » n’est pas celui que l’on accorde spontanément à Bardesane (154-222), le mystérieux savant syriaque. Admiré pour ses vastes connaissances, Bardesane a été néanmoins compté parmi les « hérétiques » par de nombreux auteurs syriaques, même si les questions théologiques prennent peu de place dans sa doctrine. La nouvelle traduction française du Livre des lois des pays [LLP] – considéré comme le plus représentatif écrit du milieu bardesanite – met en évidence la dimension...

What does it mean to theorize Christianity in light of the decolonial turn? This volume invites distinguished Latinx and Latin American scholars to a conversation that engages the rich theoretical contributions of the decolonial turn, while relocating Indigenous, Afro-Latin American, Latinx, and other often marginalized practices and hermeneutical perspectives to the center-stage of religious discourse in the Americas. Keeping in mind that all religions—Christianity included—are cultured, and avoiding the abstract references to Christianity common to the modern Eurocentric hegemonic project, the (...) contributors favor embodied religious practices that emerge in concrete contexts and communities. Featuring essays from scholars such as Sylvia Marcos, Enrique Dussel, and Luis Rivera-Pagán, this volume represents a major step to bring Christian theology into the conversation with decolonial theory. (shrink)

Una cultura política orientada al entendimiento y la paz requiere, sostendré, no sólo que se tengan las disposiciones correctas, sino, ante todo, la convicción de que incluso nuestras disposiciones morales se encuentran enraizadas en la razón y la reflexión. Bajo este punto de vista, el cultivo de una cultura política respetuosa del otro y sensata supone que tanto la sociedad como sus instituciones ya han contribuido a un clima moral deliberativo, uno que no cree simplemente que la moral es sólo (...) el resultado de poseer la psicología o sensibilidad correctas, sino que sostiene que la moral debe ser promovida en la discusión pública y reflexiva. Por esta razón, en mi artículo examino y rechazo algunas fundamentaciones de la moral que separan demasiado tajantemente la razón del sentido moral. Examino la así llamada posición “internalista”, cuya figura más prominente fue Bernard Williams, y la confronto con una postura que admite una mayor participación de la deliberación racional en las decisiones morales, en particular en aquellas que conciernen la elección de principios de justicia. Sostengo que el internalismo moral sólo sirve a una teoría política que reduce la razón humana a la mera voluntad de poder. (shrink)

Mi problema es como reconciliar una fundamentación racional de instituciones democráticas, que en nuestras sociedades tienden a ser de índole liberal, con la creciente complejidad demográfica de las sociedades contemporáneas. Mi punto de vista es que esta fundamentación debería ser deliberativa y discursiva, es decir, debería garantizar una participación reflexiva de todos los ciudadanos en el diseño y sostenimiento de sus instituciones públicas. Ahora bien, ¿cómo alcanzar este ideal en sociedades cuyas complejidades dificultan la coordinación de intereses y la participación (...) discursiva, lo que vuelve a sus ciudadanos dispuestos a sacrificar sus libertades para rendirlas a un poder político despótico y totalitario? Palabras claves: instituciones democráticas y sociedades complejas; democracia deliberativa. The constitution of democratic citizenship and the problem of the foundation of knowledge in complex societiesMy problem is how to reconcile a rational foundation of democratic institutions, which in our societies tend to be of a liberal nature, with the increasing demographic complexity of contemporary societies. My contention is that this rational and liberal foundation ought to be deliberative and discursive, that is to say, it must guarantee a reflective participation of all citizens in the design and maintenance of their public institutions. However, how could this ideal be achieved within societies with such complexities that make coordination of interests and discursive participation difficult, thus making their citizens willing to sacrifice their liberties, in order to surrender them to a despotic or totalitarian political power? Keywords: Democratic institutions and complex societies; Deliberative democracy. (shrink)

In this article, we will analyze the positive dimension of silencing for epistemic practices. Since: silencing refers to a communicative impediment; and at least in part our epistemic agency depends on this ability to express and make ourselves understood, it would be possible to conclude that silencing necessarily harms our epistemic interactions. However, Barrett Emerick reminds us that in some cases silencing helps to preserve the integrity and dignity of those whose epistemic agency is violated. Based on this initial insight, (...) we listed three premises that culminated in the justification for silencing other people: epistemic silences stem from socio-historical processes and the power relations that permeate them; the limits of epistemic agencies are established through social norms and conventions that affect identities in different ways; and, the dignity of the human person must be the criterion for establishing the limits between what should or should not be said. Considering that in order to act correctly it is necessary not only the justifications for acting, but also the appropriate occasion, we defend that practical wisdom is the proper virtue for individuals, groups and institutions to know when to silence other people. (shrink)

Hyperscanning studies using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy have been performed to understand the neural mechanisms underlying human-human interactions. In this study, we propose a novel methodological approach that is developed for fNIRS multi-brain analysis. Our method uses support vector regression to predict one brain activity time series using another as the predictor. We applied the proposed methodology to explore the teacher-student interaction, which plays a critical role in the formal learning process. In an illustrative application, we collected fNIRS data of the (...) teacher and preschoolers’ dyads performing an interaction task. The teacher explained to the child how to add two numbers in the context of a game. The Prefrontal cortex and temporal-parietal junction of both teacher and student were recorded. A multivariate regression model was built for each channel in each dyad, with the student’s signal as the response variable and the teacher’s ones as the predictors. We compared the predictions of SVR with the conventional ordinary least square predictor. The results predicted by the SVR model were statistically significantly correlated with the actual test data at least one channel-pair for all dyads. Overall, 29/90 channel-pairs across the five dyads presented significant signal predictions withthe SVR approach. The conventional OLS resulted in only 4 out of 90 valid predictions. These results demonstrated that the SVR could be used to perform channel-wise predictions across individuals, and the teachers’ cortical activity can be used to predict the student brain hemodynamic response. (shrink)

RESUMO: Bergson e Einstein participaram de uma conferência no Collège de France, em Paris, no mês de abril de 1922. Muitos desencontros entre o físico e o filósofo, no que diz respeito à questão do tempo, são já superados, se considerarmos a existência de processos dinâmicos instáveis, mas ainda permanece atual a questão da interioridade do tempo à ciência e, portanto, a possibilidade de retomada da complementaridade entre a ciência e a metafísica, proposta por Bergson, como necessária para a compreensão (...) da complexidade dos problemas contemporâneos. A partir das concepções de intuição em Bergson e Einstein, este artigo explora as dificuldades e as potências do diálogo entre a Física e a Filosofia. ABSTRACT: Bergson and Einstein attended the conference held in Paris at the Collège de France in April 1922. Many disagreements between the physicist and the philosopher with regard to the question of time are overcome if we consider the existence of unstable dynamic processes. However, the question of interiority of time in science still remains, and therefore also the possibility of a resumption of the complementarity between science and metaphysics - something Bergson proposed as necessary for understanding the complexity of contemporary problems. Based on the concepts of intuition in Bergson and Einstein, this article explores the difficulties of, and the potentials for, the dialogue between physics and philosophy. (shrink)

Technological advances in the information and knowledge society have influenced and transformed economic, social and educational dynamics. Currently there are many digital gaps related to the access to technology, lack of digital literacy and social use. These gaps vary based on the population ages and become more notorious in elders. This digital illiteracy is making all technological developments of the XXI Century to be underused, not making possible to take advantage of all the possibilities that they offer to our society, (...) in this case, to Colombia. This study aims at analyzing the penetration level and use of handheld digital devices, especially the cellular phone, in adult population, based on the 2016 national survey of life quality in Colombia, elaborated by Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística-DANE, specifically on the module of ownership and use of ICT goods. Results of four age groups are compared: 32 years or under, from 33 to 45, from 46 to 59, and over 60. The total sample is 37047 inhabitants of the Colombian territory, grouped by regions (Antioquia, Bogota, Caribbean, Eastern Central, Orinoquia, Amazonia, Pacific, San Andres, and Valle del Cauca). Data have been analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical procedures, contingency tables analysis, and logistic regression, in order to identify and know the effect of age on the level of penetration and use of handheld digital devices when comparing results in young adults and older ones. Findings show that young adults use these technologies in a greater proportion when comparing to older adults, showing a significant correlation between age and the increase of the digital gaps of access and social use of handheld digital devices. Even when characteristics like country regions, level of education, and the urban or rural setting are taking into account, the probability of obtaining penetration and use of handheld digital devices decreases significantly when attaining old age. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre as condutas metodológicas adotadas na pesquisa pragmática. São analisadas posições que vão dos trabalhos seminais do filósofo Paul Grice àquelas assumidas por pesquisadores de tendência neogriceana e pós-griceana, levando em conta os modos filosófico e científico de construir e avaliar teorias, bem como a estreita relação entre as opções metodológicas e os pressupostos teóricos da pesquisa. Como conclusão, chega-se ao reconhecimento da necessidade de se adotar uma postura francamente pluralista quanto à questão do método, (...) mas que não deve ser confundida com um mero anarquismo metodológico. (shrink)

En este artículo quiero explorar la idea de que la filosofía experimentaldesarrollada en la década de 1660, en Inglaterra, fue una propuesta quetenía dos objetivos principales: i) consolidar una nueva forma de investigarla naturaleza que permitiera comprender su diversidad y complejidad, dondeel empleo del experimento y el rechazo de hipótesis especulativas eran lasprincipales estrategias a desarrollar, implementar y defender; ii) Exigía unanueva actitud por parte de los filósofos naturales de la época sustentadaen la experticia y en la prudencia en elaborar (...) sistemas explicativos, lacual, en muchos casos, entraba en conflicto con los propios intereses de losinvestigadores. Esta tensión permite identificar unas diferencias interesantesentre la filosofía natural de carácter especulativo del siglo XVII y la nacientefilosofía experimental, diferencias que no siempre son señaladas por losestudiosos interesados en la filosofía moderna temprana. (shrink)

A partir de los análisis que Edith Stein realiza de la empatía y la solidaridad se arriba a la necesidad de indagar fenomenológicamente por la constitución esencial de las estructuras de la comunidad, la sociedad y el Estado. Desde esta perspectiva este trabajo se propone mostrar que el objeto de la indagación de Edith Stein es substancialmente la relación entre el individuo-asociación humana. En su minucioso análisis, no condicionado por ningún presupuesto, el sujeto es tomado en su singularidad. El ser (...) humano no puede vivir aislado, sino que es considerado como un microcosmos abierto y en cuya abertura se encuentran la empatía y la solidaridad como trazos fundamentales para la investigación de nuestra filósofa, que no considera ni lo particular ni la totalidad como absolutos, sino que apela a la importancia del individuo en un contexto más amplio. (shrink)

The author deals with the nature of a relationship between art and morals. Since art refers to the expression of a sensibility and modern moral philosophy issaid to be based upon being in possession of a moral sense, it seems that theartistic personality would be in a better position than mere refle..

The thought of the Cappadocian fathers is linked to the Trinitarian nature of God. They strive for formulating a definition of divine person. The extent of the Cappadocian notion of person covers two other important ideas which refer to being someone: an ability to be in a fraternal relation with others, and a disposition to enter such a relation voluntarily. The Christian idea of divine person also implicates a concept of infinite dignity. The authoress shows that at the grassroots of (...) the Western concept of person, associated with human inalienable rights, there are certain metaphysical intuitions. (shrink)

The development of executive functions is recognizably correlated to culture, contextual and social factors. However, studies considering all the basic EF are still scarce in Brazil, most notably in the Northeast region, which is known for its social inequality and economic gap. This study aimed to analyze the developmental trajectories and structure of four EF, namely inhibition, flexibility, working memory and planning. In addition, the potential effects of socioeconomic status and gender were examined. The sample included 230 Brazilian children between (...) 7-12 years old, homogeneously distributed by age, gender and type of school. The EF were assessed through the Brazilian version of the Child Executive Functions Battery. A global effect of age was found for most of the EF measures evaluated. Gender effect was mostly non-significant, except for 4 of the 12 tasks. There was a significant SES effect on 8 tasks, all in favor of private school children. Exploratory factorial and correlation analysis showed a 4-factor EF structure, corroborating the theoretical distribution considered in the CEF-B. A developmental progression is evident in the results for all of the EF measures evaluated. While gender had little influence on EF, SES seems to significantly impact the development of EF. As normative data are still lacking in Northeast Brazil, this study may help to understand EF development trajectories and provide tools for neuropsychological evaluation. (shrink)

En este trabajo abordamos la figura de Helena como rival amorosa en la Heroida 5, cuya redacción –en el plano ficcional– Ovidio atribuye a Enone. A través del análisis de distintos lexemas y sintagmas intentaremos demostrar que la voz enunciativa construye un relato con la intención de realzar su imagen y conmover al héroe para que regrese; y que, en contraste, pone en juicio las acciones de su rival con términos que cuestionan sus cualidades morales, su naturaleza fiable y sus (...) deberes matrimoniales, centrando toda la responsabilidad del abandono en las acciones de la espartana. Asimismo, mostraremos cómo, de acuerdo con el entramado de referencias intra e intertextuales que operan en torno a la figura de Helena en la tradición literaria, la voz de Enone construida por Ovidio no se limita a presentar a la rival como la causante de una desgracia personal, sino también como el motivo del padecimiento de pueblos y héroes. (shrink)

This study aimed to synthesize literature data on male judo combat time in international competitions between 2010 and 2019. The search was carried out from May 8th to June 11th, 2021, in electronic databases using the following keywords: AND. After the selection process, 8 articles were included in the systematic review and 7 in the meta-analysis. These studies analyzed 2,562 international male judo combats over the years 2010 to 2019. We observed that the average male judo combat time changed after (...) each rule change. There was a significant difference between combats that ended up to the regular time and those that needed overtime. There were differences between 60kg and +100kg categories and the others in 2011-2012. However, no significant difference was found between the combat time by weight division after the 2017 rule changes, although there are still differences in relation to the end of the combats. There were significant changes in the male judo combat time with each rule change, and the data from the included studies point to a trend of homogeneity in the combat time spent between the weight divisions over the years, and an increase in the occurrence of Golden Score. More studies need to be carried out to identify the new temporal behaviors of athletes. (shrink)

En este artículo se sostiene que no hay una jerarquía dada y preestablecida entre los múltiples saberes del conocimiento humano, sino una construcción variada y cambiante de los mismos, lo cual se refleja en el modo en que disciplinas como la economía, la sociología, la ciencia política o el derecho han construido formas propias y específicas de ver la realidad, a tal punto que es posible hablar de una construcción económica de la realidad o, en forma paralela, de su construcción (...) social, política o jurídica. Ello conduce a la idea de interdisciplinariedad horizontal, en la medida en que todo nicho disciplinar construye conocimiento a la vez que extiende puentes de relacionamiento con múltiples y novedosas fronteras del saber. (shrink)

This essay provides a short introduction to the ideas and potential implications of quantum physics for scholars in the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Quantum-inspired ideas pepper current discourse in all of these fields, in ways that range from playful metaphors to sweeping ontological claims. We explain several of the most important concepts at the core of quantum theory, carefully delineating the scope and bounds of currently established science, in order to aid the evaluation of such claims. In particular, we (...) emphasize that the smallest units of matter and light, as described in quantum physics, are not things, meaning that they do not obey the logic we take for granted when discussing the behavior of macroscopic objects. We also highlight the substantial debate that exists within physics about the interpretation of the equations and empirical results at the core of quantum physics, noting that implicit philosophical commitments necessarily accompany any discussion of quantum ideas that takes place in non-technical language. (shrink)

O presente trabalho objetiva discutir as possíveis contribuições da Hermenêutica Filosófica de Gadamer para a pesquisa em Psicologia. Nessa direção, parte da problematização do modo como o conhecimento é produzido na Psicologia, com realce para a insuficiência do horizonte técnico-científico para aproximar-se dos fenômenos humanos. Recorre à Hermenêutica Filosófica de Gadamer na busca do desvelamento de outras possibilidades para tal fazer. Para tanto, parte da compreensão da hermenêutica, não na função de método, mas compreendida como condição humana originária. Aborda inicialmente (...) o reconhecimento da influência de Heidegger para o desenvolvimento da Hermenêutica Filosófica de Gadamer e, em seguida, tece uma possível articulação entre o horizonte aberto por Gadamer e a pesquisa em Psicologia, enfocando as compreensões do filósofo acerca da compreensão, do jogo e do diálogo. Por fim, ressalta as contribuições abertas pela Hermenêutica Filosófica para descortinar “direcionamentos” inspiradores às pesquisas no contexto da Psicologia na busca de compreender os fenômenos existenciais. Tal caminho, na medida em que não busca conclusões teoréticas e explicativas, ao manter-se na direção da pergunta, realça a dimensão compreensiva e hermenêutica originária da existência como radicalmente singular e possibilita a tessitura de diálogos entre Psicologia e Hermenêutica Filosófica. (shrink)

Este artículo tiene un doble propósito. Por un lado, realizar un balance de la recepción, temas y problemas que ocuparon a los filósofos peruanos que se interesaron por la fenomenología de Edmund Husserl durante el siglo XX, con la finalidad de señalar las continuidades y rupturas que han ido conformando nuestra incipiente tradición fenomenológica. Por el otro lado, realizar un necesario ajuste de cuentas con esa tradición a fin de abrir las perspectivas de nuevas líneas de investigación en la fenomenología (...) husserliana, es decir, reapropiarnos de ella para establecer los necesarios vasos comunicantes que nos permitan instituirnos como una comunidad. (shrink)