Results for 'Ivar Strahl'

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  1.  8
    Makt och rätt: rättsidéns gång genom historien, från Babylonien till FN: en överblick.Ivar Strahl - 1957 - [Stockholm]: BonnierFakta.
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  2. Makt och rätt.Ivar Strahl - 1973 - Stockholm,: Aldus/Bonnier.
     
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  3. For Whom Does Determinism Undermine Moral Responsibility? Surveying the Conditions for Free Will Across Cultures.Ivar R. Hannikainen, Edouard Machery, David Rose, Stephen Stich, Christopher Y. Olivola, Paulo Sousa, Florian Cova, Emma E. Buchtel, Mario Alai, Adriano Angelucci, Renatas Berniûnas, Amita Chatterjee, Hyundeuk Cheon, In-Rae Cho, Daniel Cohnitz, Vilius Dranseika, Ángeles Eraña Lagos, Laleh Ghadakpour, Maurice Grinberg, Takaaki Hashimoto, Amir Horowitz, Evgeniya Hristova, Yasmina Jraissati, Veselina Kadreva, Kaori Karasawa, Hackjin Kim, Yeonjeong Kim, Minwoo Lee, Carlos Mauro, Masaharu Mizumoto, Sebastiano Moruzzi, Jorge Ornelas, Barbara Osimani, Carlos Romero, Alejandro Rosas López, Massimo Sangoi, Andrea Sereni, Sarah Songhorian, Noel Struchiner, Vera Tripodi, Naoki Usui, Alejandro Vázquez del Mercado, Hrag A. Vosgerichian, Xueyi Zhang & Jing Zhu - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
    Philosophers have long debated whether, if determinism is true, we should hold people morally responsible for their actions since in a deterministic universe, people are arguably not the ultimate source of their actions nor could they have done otherwise if initial conditions and the laws of nature are held fixed. To reveal how non-philosophers ordinarily reason about the conditions for free will, we conducted a cross-cultural and cross-linguistic survey (N = 5,268) spanning twenty countries and sixteen languages. Overall, participants tended (...)
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  4. Are There Cross-Cultural Legal Principles? Modal Reasoning Uncovers Procedural Constraints on Law.Ivar R. Hannikainen, Kevin P. Tobia, Guilherme da F. C. F. de Almeida, Raff Donelson, Vilius Dranseika, Markus Kneer, Niek Strohmaier, Piotr Bystranowski, Kristina Dolinina, Bartosz Janik, Sothie Keo, Eglė Lauraitytė, Alice Liefgreen, Maciej Próchnicki, Alejandro Rosas & Noel Struchiner - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (8):e13024.
    Despite pervasive variation in the content of laws, legal theorists and anthropologists have argued that laws share certain abstract features and even speculated that law may be a human universal. In the present report, we evaluate this thesis through an experiment administered in 11 different countries. Are there cross‐cultural principles of law? In a between‐subjects design, participants (N = 3,054) were asked whether there could be laws that violate certain procedural principles (e.g., laws applied retrospectively or unintelligible laws), and also (...)
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  5. Is Logic Distinctively Normative?Ivar Labukt - 2019 - Erkenntnis 86 (4):1025-1043.
    Logic is widely held to be a normative discipline. Various claims have been offered in support of this view, but they all revolve around the idea that logic is concerned with how one ought to reason. I argue that most of these claims—while perhaps correct—only entail that logic is normative in a way that many, if not all, intellectual disciplines are normative. I also identify some claims whose correctness would make logic normative in a way that sets it apart from (...)
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  6.  70
    Metaphysik des Mechanismus im teleologischen Idealismus.Gerhard Müller-Strahl - 2013 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 44 (1):127-152.
    In this study the notion of mechanistic entities is analyzed as it has been conceptualized by Hermann Lotze in his article Life. Vital Force (1842), the metaphysical foundation of which has recourse to his Metaphysik (1841) and Logik (1843). According to Lotze, explanations in the sciences are arguments which have a syntactic and a semantic structure—similar to that which became later known as the DN-model of explanation. The syntactic structure is delineated by ontological forms, the semantic by cosmological ones; the (...)
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  7. (1 other version)Coordination and expertise foster legal textualism.Ivar Hannikainen, Kevin Tobia, Guilherme de Almeida, Noel Struchiner, Markus Kneer, Piotr Bystranowski, Niek Strohmaier, Sammy Bensinger, Kristina Dolinina, Bartosz Janik, Egle Lauraityte, Michael Laakasuo, Alice Liefgreen, Ivars Neiders, Maciej Prochnicki, Alejandro Rosas, Jukka Sundvall & Tomasz Zuradzki - 2022 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119 (44):e2206531119.
    A cross-cultural survey experiment revealed a widespread tendency to rely on a rule’s letter over its spirit when deciding which acts violate the rule. This tendency’s strength varied markedly across (k = 15) field sites, owing to cultural variation in the impact of moral appraisals on judgments of rule violation. Compared to laypeople, legal experts were more inclined to disregard their moral evaluations of the acts altogether, and consequently exhibited more pronounced textualist tendencies. Finally, we evaluated a plausible mechanism for (...)
     
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  8.  60
    Three questions about engagement and exclusion in responsible investment.Ivar Kolstad - 2015 - Business Ethics: A European Review 25 (1):45-58.
    There is a move towards more use of engagement strategies in responsible investment. This change in strategies is motivated by a number of claims about the effectiveness of engagement versus exclusion of companies from the investment universe. This paper examines the basis for three central claims: That engagement, in contrast to exclusion, does not reduce the investment universe; That exclusion reduces an investor's influence on a company; and That engagement with exclusion is necessarily a more effective means of influencing companies (...)
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  9.  26
    Is “terminally ill self-killing” suicide?Ivars Neiders & Vilius Dranseika - 2023 - Clinical Ethics.
    When a terminally ill patient kills herself, using a drug prescribed by a physician for this purpose, in bioethical literature this would be described as a case of physician-assisted suicide. This would also be a case of suicide according to the standard account of suicide in the philosophical literature. However, in recent years, some authors have argued that terminally ill self-killing in fact should not be considered suicide. In this paper, we don’t try to address the philosophical merits of such (...)
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  10. Rawls on the practicability of utilitarianism.Ivar Labukt - 2009 - Politics, Philosophy and Economics 8 (2):201-221.
    John Rawls's claim to have demonstrated the superiority of his own two principles of justice to the principle of utility has generated fairly extensive critical discussion. However, this discussion has almost completely disregarded those of Rawls's arguments that are concerned with practicability, despite the significance accorded to them by Rawls himself. This article addresses the three most important of Rawls's objections against the practicability of utilitarianism: that utilitarianism would generate too much disagreement to be politically workable, that a utilitarian society (...)
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  11.  12
    Matter, metaphors, and mechanisms: Rethinking cell theories.Gerhard Müller-Strahl - 2014 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 48:130-150.
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  12. Is utilitarian sacrifice becoming more morally permissible?Ivar R. Hannikainen, Edouard Machery & Fiery A. Cushman - 2018 - Cognition 170 (C):95-101.
    A central tenet of contemporary moral psychology is that people typically reject active forms of utilitarian sacrifice. Yet, evidence for secularization and declining empathic concern in recent decades suggests the possibility of systematic change in this attitude. In the present study, we employ hypothetical dilemmas to investigate whether judgments of utilitarian sacrifice are becoming more permissive over time. In a cross-sectional design, age negatively predicted utilitarian moral judgment (Study 1). To examine whether this pattern reflected processes of maturation, we asked (...)
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  13.  21
    An Emendation in Plutarch Confirmed.Ivars Avotins - 1977 - Classical Quarterly 27 (02):467-.
    Isidorus Pelusiotes, Epistulae 2.42 preserves an opinion of Plutarch on genuine Atticism.
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  14.  14
    Students’ Trust in Research-Based Results About Potential Health Risks Presented in Popular Media.Ivar Bråten & Helge I. Strømsø - 2017 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 37 (1):3-14.
    Socioscientific issues receive considerable public attention and there are concerns that people in general are not able or willing to deal with information at odds with what they believe to be true. In this study, we focused on students’ beliefs about two controversial issues: whether consumption of the artificial sweetener aspartame and use of cell phones, respectively, represent any serious health risks. Our aim was to investigate whether students’ trust in the information was related to prior beliefs, the nature of (...)
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  15. How much better than death is ordinary survival.Ivar R. Labukt - 2019 - In Espen Gamlund & Carl Tollef Solberg, Saving People from the Harm of Death. New York: Oxford University Press.
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  16.  33
    Zur Phänomenologie des Schamanismus.Ivar Paulson - 1964 - Zeitschrift für Religions- Und Geistesgeschichte 16 (2):121-141.
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  17.  11
    (1 other version)The ethics of the Shulhan ʼaruk.Ivar Spector - 1935 - Seattle,: Uraitha publishing co..
  18. Hedonic Tone and the Heterogeneity of Pleasure.Ivar Labukt - 2012 - Utilitas 24 (2):172-199.
    Some philosophers have claimed that pleasures and pains are characterized by their particular or . Most contemporary writers reject this view: they hold that hedonic states have nothing in common except being liked or disliked (alternatively: pursued or avoided) for their own sake. In this article, I argue that the hedonic tone view has been dismissed too quickly: there is no clear introspective or scientific evidence that pleasures do not share a phenomenal quality. I also argue that analysing hedonic states (...)
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  19.  44
    Alexander of Aphrodisias on Vision in the Atomists.Ivars Avotins - 1980 - Classical Quarterly 30 (02):429-.
    In discussing the atomists' theory of vision modern accounts have quite neglected to take into account two sections of Alexander of Aphrodisias on this topic. Nearly identical in length and content, they contain objections to the atomist theory of vision by means of the . In form they consist of a series of questions purporting to contain atomist doctrine. Each question is followed by objections to its subject-matter. Most of the questions contain doctrine known to us already from other sources.
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  20. Why Firms Should Not Always Maximize Profits.Ivar Kolstad - 2007 - Journal of Business Ethics 76 (2):137-145.
    Though corporate social responsibility (CSR) is on the agenda of most major corporations, corporate executives still largely support the view that corporations should maximize the returns to their owners. There are two lines of defence for this position. One is the Friedmanian view that maximizing owner returns is the social responsibility of corporations. The other is a position voiced by many executives, that CSR and profits go together. This article argues that the first position is ethically untenable, while the latter (...)
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  21.  68
    Act Versus Impact: Conservatives and Liberals Exhibit Different Structural Emphases in Moral Judgment.Ivar R. Hannikainen, Ryan M. Miller & Fiery A. Cushman - 2017 - Ratio 30 (4):462-493.
    Conservatives and liberals disagree sharply on matters of morality and public policy. We propose a novel account of the psychological basis of these differences. Specifically, we find that conservatives tend to emphasize the intrinsic value of actions during moral judgment, in part by mentally simulating themselves performing those actions, while liberals instead emphasize the value of the expected outcomes of the action. We then demonstrate that a structural emphasis on actions is linked to the condemnation of victimless crimes, a distinctive (...)
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  22.  48
    The Brain Death Criterion in Light of Value-Based Disagreement Versus Biomedical Uncertainty.Ivar R. Hannikainen, Gonzalo Díaz-Cobacho & Daniel Martin - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (1):123-126.
    Since the introduction of a new criterion for determining death (i.e., the brain death criterion) in 1968, the research community has been embroiled in debates about whether this criterion should b...
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  23.  61
    A deterministic worldview promotes approval of state paternalism.Ivar Hannikainen, Gabriel Cabral, Edouard Machery & Noel Struchiner - 2017 - Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 70:251-259.
    The proper limit to paternalist regulation of citizens' private lives is a recurring theme in political theory and ethics. In the present study, we examine the role of beliefs about free will and determinism in attitudes toward libertarian versus paternalist policies. Throughout five studies we find that a scientific deterministic worldview reduces opposition toward paternalist policies, independent of the putative influence of political ideology. We suggest that exposure to scientific explanations for patterns in human behavior challenges the notion of personal (...)
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  24. (1 other version)Questioning the Causal Inheritance Principle.Ivar Hannikainen - 2010 - Theoria: Revista de Teoría, Historia y Fundamentos de la Ciencia 25 (3):261-277.
    Mental causation, though a forceful intuition embedded in our commonsense psychology, is difficult to square with the rest of commitments of physicalism about the mind. Advocates of mental causation have found solace in the causal inheritance principle, according to which the mental properties of mental statesshare the causal powers of their physical counterparts. In this paper, I present a variety of counterarguments to causal inheritance and conclude that the conditions for causal inheritance are stricter than what standing versions of said (...)
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  25. Might-counterfactuals and the principle of conditional excluded middle.Ivar Hannikainen - 2011 - Disputatio 4 (30):127-149.
    Owing to the problem of inescapable clashes, epistemic accounts of might-counterfactuals have recently gained traction. In a different vein, the might argument against conditional excluded middle has rendered the latter a contentious principle to incorporate into a logic for conditionals. The aim of this paper is to rescue both ontic mightcounterfactuals and conditional excluded middle from these disparate debates and show them to be compatible. I argue that the antecedent of a might-counterfactual is semantically underdetermined with respect to the counterfactual (...)
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  26.  10
    Agges huvudpunkter av den allmänna rättsläran: (kring lagstiftning, lagtolkning, prejudikat och doktrin).Ivar Agge - 1980 - Stockholm: Gotab. Edited by Jacob W. F. Sundberg.
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  27. Kompendium i allmän rättslära för propedeutiska kursen.Ivar Agge - 1967 - Stockholm,: Juridiska föreningen.
     
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  28.  12
    Lutherische Tugendethik?Ivar Asheim - 1998 - Neue Zeitschrift für Systematicsche Theologie Und Religionsphilosophie 40 (3):239-260.
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  29.  63
    Inscribing the body, exscribing space.Ivar Hagendoorn - 2012 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 11 (1):69-78.
    The present paper briefly reviews recent advances in spatial cognition. A central tenet in spatial cognition is that spatial information is simultaneously encoded in multiple formats. It also appears that at the level of neural processing there is no clear distinction between the representation of space and the control of action. I will argue that these findings offer novel insight into the nature of dance and choreography and that the concepts used by cognitive neuroscientists to frame their findings can be (...)
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  30.  20
    Diet-ética: ¿consumo local o comercio justo?Ivar Hannikainen - 2009 - Isegoría 41:277-285.
    En su libro The Way We Eat, Peter Singer pretende concienciarnos sobre la ética del comer y los gastos ocultos, para el medioambiente y para los más pobres, de la dieta típica del primer mundo. A partir del análisis crítico de la industria alimentaria, presenta tres propuestas para el lector concienciado: el consumo local, el comercio justo y el vegetarianismo. A pesar de los beneficios ecológicos del consumo local, otras vías para proteger el medioambiente que no impiden el desarrollo económico (...)
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  31. Stem cells and brain repair : ethical considerations.Ivar Mendez - 2020 - In Stephen Honeybul, Ethics in neurosurgical practice. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
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  32. Katsets planeerimine.Ivar Petersen - 1966 - Tallinn,: Kirjastus "Valgus,".
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  33.  40
    Some Notes on Perception.Ivar Segelberg - 1949 - Theoria 15 (1-3):315-322.
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  34. Some reflections on incompatible qualities.Ivar Segelberg - 1963 - In Gunnar Aspelin, Philosophical essays. Lund,: CWK Gleerup. pp. 214.
     
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  35.  47
    The Intentionality of Gladness.Ivar Segelberg - 1951 - Theoria 17 (1-3):222-225.
  36.  41
    Beyond Turn-taking.Ivar Solheim - 2002 - Outlines. Critical Practice Studies 4 (2):19-37.
    The article discusses several epistemological and methodological issues related to the analysis of discourse in general and of educational talk in particular. The theoretical framework provided by conversation analysis (CA) is applied and critically discussed in the analysis of an empirical example of educational talk. Several questions seem pertinent: Can we - as analysts - have direct access to talk "as it actually occurs", independent of any kind of theorizing and predefined categorization? What is the epistemological status of the conversation (...)
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  37.  45
    Pragmatics - An empirical Science?Ivar J. Tonissen - 1981 - Philosophica 27 (1):95-106.
  38.  36
    Nature in our memory.Ivar Puura - 2013 - Sign Systems Studies 41 (1):150-153.
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  39.  28
    Anent the theoretical justification of a sex doula program.Steven J. Firth & Ivars Neiders - 2023 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 44 (2):125-140.
    The Human Condition is neither a well-defined nor well-described concept—nevertheless, it is generally agreed that human sexuality is a fundamental and constituent part of it. For most able-bodied persons, accessing and expressing one's sexuality is a (relatively) trouble-free process. However, many disabled persons experience difficulty in accessing their sexuality, while others experience such significant barriers that they are often precluded from sexual citizenship altogether. Recognising the barriers to the sexual citizenship of disabled persons, the concept of a Welfare-Funded Sex Doula (...)
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  40.  54
    On some Epicurean and Lucretian arguments for the infinity of the universe.Ivars Avotins - 1983 - Classical Quarterly 33 (02):421-.
    As is well known, Epicurus and his followers held that the universe was infinite and f that its two primary components, void and atoms, were each infinite. The void was infinite in extension, the atoms were infinite in number and their total was infinite also in extension. The chief Epicurean proofs of these infinities are found in Epicurus, Ad Herod. 41–2, and in Lucretius 1.951–1020. As far as I can see, both the commentators to these works and writers on Epicurean (...)
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  41.  61
    Corruption as violation of distributed ethical obligations.Ivar Kolstad - 2012 - Journal of Global Ethics 8 (2-3):239-250.
    The ethics of corruption cannot be analysed without simultaneously addressing the legitimacy of public office or entrusted power. This paper introduces a concept of core unethical corruption, defined as violations of distributed ethical obligations for private gain. In other words, it is suggested that what is ethically wrong with corruption is that it entails the violation of certain obligations attributed to agents. By explicitly relating corruption to obligations, this approach helps make ethical sense of the concepts of public office or (...)
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  42.  39
    Rationalization and Reflection Differentially Modulate Prior Attitudes Toward the Purity Domain.Ivar R. Hannikainen & Alejandro Rosas - 2019 - Cognitive Science 43 (6):e12747.
    Outside Western, predominantly secular‐liberal environments, norms restricting bodily and sexual conduct are widespread. Moralization in the so‐called purity domain has been treated as evidence that some putative violations are victimless. However, respondents themselves disagree: They often report that private yet indecent acts incur self‐harm, or harm to one's family and the wider community—a result which we replicate in Study 1. We then distinguish two cognitive processes that could generate a link between harmfulness and immorality, and recreate them in Studies 2 (...)
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  43.  42
    In defense of a pluralistic policy on the determination of death.Ivars Neiders & Vilius Dranseika - 2018 - Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) 8 (3-4):179-188.
    In his paper “The challenge of brain death for the sanctity of life ethic”, Peter Singer advocates two options for dealing with death criteria in a way that is compatible with efficient organ transplantation policy. He suggests that we should either redefine death as cortical death or go back to the old cardiopulmonary criterion and scrap the Dead Donor Rule. We welcome Singer’s line of argument but raise some concerns about the practicability of the two alternatives advocated by him. We (...)
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  44.  26
    Can Cosmopolitan Impartiality be Naturalized.Ivar Hannikainen - 2009 - Praxis 2 (1).
    This paper sets out asking what is to be gained from grounding the pursuit of a cosmopolitan morality in the evolutionary history of our morals, namely, by ascertaining some of the natural constraints under which normative ethical theory must operate. In Section II, I review two major forms of altruism: kin-based and reciprocal altruism. Experimental evidence is cited to support the view that biological altruism involves a carefully self-interested calculation to enhance adaptive fitness to the social environment. In Section III, (...)
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  45.  21
    Alienación y consumo.Jaume Pey Ivars - 2010 - Daimon: Revista Internacional de Filosofía 51:59-75.
    A pesar de que, a grandes rasgos, el análisis marxista del proceso de alienación sigue vigente, ha llegado a perder toda su fuerza revolucionaria. La razón parece encontrarse en que la dinámica del consumo integra y supera a un tiempo las carencias propias de la alienación, complementando el papel de trabajador con el de consumidor. De hecho, es una idea común que en la sociedad de consumo el sujeto se ha liberado de las trabas que limitaban el desarrollo de su (...)
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  46. Zenons paradoxer.Ivar Segelberg - 1945 - Stockholm,: Natur och kultur.
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  47. SÍVERES, Luiz. Encontros e diálogos: pedagogia da presença, proximidade e partida.Ivar César Oliveira de Vasconcelos - 2015 - Conjectura: Filosofia E Educação 20 (2):223-229.
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  48.  21
    Legal Provisions on Medical Aid in Dying Encode Moral Intuition.Ivar Hannikainen, Jorge Suárez, Luis Espericueta, Maite Menéndez-Ferreras & David Rodríguez-Arias - forthcoming - Preprint.
    In recent decades, many jurisdictions have moved toward legalizing euthanasia and assisted suicide—together with a growing recognition of the moral right to a medically assisted death. Herewe draw on a comprehensive quantitative review of existing laws on assisted dying, experimental survey evidence, and four decades of time-series data to explore the relationship between these legislative transitions and changing moral attitudes. Our analysis reveals that existing laws on medical aid in dying impose a common set of eligibility restrictions, based on the (...)
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  49.  15
    Can There Be Post-Persons and What Can We Learn From Considering Their Possibility?Ivars Neiders - unknown
    Many prominent bioethicists have recently raised the question of the possibility of moral status enhancement. In this paper I discuss the arguments advanced by Nicholas Agar for the possible existence of the postpersons. I argue that in spite of the many limitations and shortcomings of Agar’s account, there are no conclusive reasons to rule out the possibility of moral status enhancement. However, if post-persons are as they are described by Agar, the fact of their possibility is less interesting and ethically (...)
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  50.  46
    Athenaion politeia 56.6 and the protection of the weak.Ivars Avotins - 2004 - Classical Quarterly 54 (02):461-469.
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