L. Polo es un buen maestro, más preocupado por descubrir la verdad que por ser entendido. Su pensar es paciente, la atención, concentrada. Mantiene la congruencia entre el nivel del método cognoscitivo que emplea y los temas reales conocidos que estudia. En él destacan tres cualidades: la audacia en el buscar, la convivencia con la verdad y la apertura universal al saber.

In this paper it is assumed that pairs of incommensurable theories are in fact comparable. This point of view leads us to accept that incommensurable theories deal with shared portions of the world. Ontosemantic conditions of comparability between two incommensurable theories are considered along the paper.

RESUMENEste trabajo describe y examina críticamente la obra mencionada, cuya tesis final es la infinitud del hombre y su divinización por el Kant maduro. Su mérito consiste en (i) realizar una minu- 1 «Existe Dios en nosotros. La identidad de Dios y la razón pura práctica en la Crítica de la razón práctica de Kant». En lo que sigue abrevio el nombre del autor con las siglas «GS», y el de esta obra con las siglas «TGS». ciosa lectura de los (...) postulados de la KpV, que permite descubrir una interna problematicidad no considerada antes, y (ii) proponer como solución a ella la existencia de una naturaleza dual en el hombre (homo phänomenon - homo noumenon). Aunque la obra adolece de ambigüedades tanto en las nociones básicas como en la tesis propuesta, eso no obsta para que sus aportaciones, de gran relevancia, deban ser tenidas seriamente en cuenta.PALABRAS CLAVEHISTORIA DE LA FILOSOFÍA MODERNA; I. KANT; POSTULADOS DE LA RAZÓN PRÁCTICA; DIOS; INFINITUD DEL HOMBRE; ANTROPONOMÍA.ABSTRACTThis note reviews and critically examines the book mentioned in its title. The main thesis of this book is the infiniteness and divinization of human being that can be found in the writings of the late Kant. The book examined has two merits: (i) by means of an exhaustive reading of the postulates of Kant’s «Critique of Practical Reason», it manages to bring to light an internal inconsistency in these postulates; (ii) it proposes the existence of a dual nature in human being (homo phänomenon - homo noumenon) as the solution to that inconsistency. Though the book suffers from ambiguities and inaccuracy both in the basic notions employed and the main thesis advanced, it makes significant contributions that must be seriously taken into account.KEY WORDSHISTORY OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY, I. KANT, PRACTICAL REASON’S POSTULATES, GOD, HUMAN BEING’S INFINITENESS, ANTROPONOMY. (shrink)

v.1. La sustancialidad y subjetividad humanas -- v. 2. La temporalidad humana.

The concept of corporate social responsibility is becoming integral to effective corporate brand management. This study adopts a multidimensional and cross-country perspective of the concept and analyses consumer perceptions of behaviour of four leading consumer products manufacturers. Data was collected from consumers in two countries – Spain and the UK. The study analyses consumers’ degree of interest in corporate responsibility and its impact on their perception about the company. The findings here suggest a weak impact of company-specific communication on consumers’ (...) perception. The implications of this study are relevant to companies for strengthening their social responsibility associations with the consumers. (shrink)

We begin by highlighting some points related to Kuhn’s later thoughts on the incommensurability thesis and then show to what extent the standard version of the thesis given by the structuralist metatheory allows us to capture Kuhn’s ideas. Our main aim is to establish what constitutes the basis of comparability between incommensurable theories, even in cases of incommensurability with respect to theoretical and non-theoretical terms. We propose that comparability between incommensurable theories requires some connection between their respective ontologies that can (...) be captured by means of an ontological non-reductive relation. At this point, the structuralist notion of “echeloned partial substructure” may be of help. When the incommensurability is very drastic, the existence of ontological connections between the theories involved may only be evident by common terms of their non-characteristic vocabularies. So, this notion of non-characteristic vocabulary becomes relevant in our proposal. (shrink)

Desarrollar la libertad como donación es, según Leonardo Polo, exigencia de nuestra altura histórica. Tras comprobar la vigencia actual de tal demanda, este trabajo concreta una propuesta de filosofía, no del don, sino del dar, cuyo modelo puro se toma de los datos de la revelación cristiana. Primero establece las características nucleares del dar divino (comunicación interpersonal, gratuidad y sobreabundancia), para considerar, después, el dar humano: sus diferencias con Aquél y la posibilidad de asemejarlo a él. Se concluye que dar (...) es actividad trascendental, que ser persona es dar, y que el dar pleno será coronación de nuestro dar redimido. (shrink)

RESUMENNota necrológica sobre el filósofo español Leonardo Polo Barrena.PALABRAS CLAVELEONARDO POLO BARRENAABSTRACTObituary of the Spanish philosopher Leonardo Polo Barrena.KEYWORDSLEONARDO POLO BARRENA.

En este trabajo se asume: que una teoría factual es un sistema conceptual para representar parcelas deI mundo; que la principal manera de expresar tales sistemas es mediante el lenguaje; y que, consecuentemente, en la comparación de teorías rivales tienen importancia los factores de índole ontosemántica. Desde esa perspectiva se analizan dos problemas que surgen de la aceptación de la tesis de la inconmensurabilidad, a saber: a) el de establecer las condiciones ontosemánticas que dan sentido a la comparabilidad de teorías (...) inconmensurables; y b) el de la consideración de un enfoque ontosemántico compatible con el hecho de que algunas modificaciones en una teoría no conlleven variación de significado y referencia, mientras otras sí.In this work it is assumed: that a factual theory is a conceptual system for representing patches of the world; that the principal way of expressing a system of that sort is by means of language; and that, consequently, factors of ontosemantic kind are important for the comparison between rival theories. Given this perspective, two problems, whieh come up from the acceptance of the incommensurability thesis are analyzed: a) to establish the ontosemantic conditions that give sense to the comparability of incommensurable theories; and b) to consider an ontosemantic picture compatible with the fact that some modifications in a theory are not followd by variance of meaning and reference, while other modifications are. (shrink)

La filosofía puede desenredar problemas humanos que obscurecen los misterios revelados. Este trabajo, primero de una serie sobre ese tema, presenta la noción de dar mediante un conocido texto agustiniano sobre la gracia. Y, tras confrontarlo con textos de autores semipelagianos, propone entender la gracia en clave donal, no causal. Si la actividad de la gracia fuera causal, quedarían imposibilitadas la libertad y el mérito; en cambio, ejercida según el dar, incluye a ambos. Ni pelagianos ni semipelagianos entendieron esto; s. (...) Agustín, empero, descubrió dicha donalidad: los méritos derivan, conjuntamente, de los dones divinos y de nuestra colaboración con ellos. (shrink)

En este artículo se explicitan las doscaracterizaciones fundamentales dela inconmensurabilidad interteóricade cómo determinar lo que supuestamentecomparación interesante entre dos teoríasinconmensurables sólo tiene sentido.

This is the introduction to the special issue of the Spanish journal Ágora-Papeles de Filosofía (31/2, 2012) devoted to new Ibero-American contributions to metatheoretical structuralism.

It is the Introduction to Metatheoria’s Special Issue in homage to Joseph D. Sneed, in the fortieth anniversary of the publication of Sneed’s The Logical Structure of Mathematical Physics (Dordrecht: Reidel, 1971, 2nd revised ed. 1979) first edition, which marks the birth of metatheoretical structuralism.

The new contexts of literary education allow for the creation of digital reading and writing practices related to what specialised literature calls digital literature. Among these practices and with an eminently theoretical content and with an example of this content, in this paper, we want to focus our gaze on cyberpoetry, conceived as an exercise in literary creativity that firstly involves use of technology and specific software for the digital creation of poetic texts and, last but not least, knowledge and (...) mastery of poetic language and the literary conventions linked thereto. From this point of view, in initial teacher training, we work with future teachers to create cyberpoems with a dual purpose: on the one hand, to reflect on what literary reading in digital format entails and to rehearse reading mediation processes that can be carried out with this type of literature, and, on the other, to begin in the digital creation of cyberpoems that, later, may be presented and worked in a real context of the school classroom. In this paper, we present digital practices of literary reading that have been created by student teachers in initial training. The creation of these practices has been carried out with the Genially tool. For data collection, the URL of each creation is accessed in order to analyse them. The analysis of the data follows the parameters of the qualitative methodology, specifically based on three categories of analysis for each digital creation: multimodality, hypertextuality and the interaction of each digital reading proposal. The conclusions of all this allow us to affirm that the creation of cyberpoems is an exercise in literary creativity that has to take into account the digital dimension of the literary text and its reading comprehension in a multimodal environment. Thus, the teacher in initial training carries out a digital literary mediation exercise, of a creative type, which he will later carry out in his pedagogical practice. (shrink)

The paper explores the problem of motivation in organizations. This problem arises because people may prefer to pursue their own interest instead of the firm's common goals (the two underlying forces in any organization). First, the most representative economic proposals to motivate people are studied and summarized. The study leads us to the conclusion that those proposals do not mitigate the conflict of interests, because they do not make people pursue the common goals. To solve the problem, the common elements (...) of the firm must be promoted. In order to be really "common," those elements must be composed of "nonmaterial" goods. which are the only perfectly shareable ones. They motivate workers by attracting their internal faculties, making the job more interesting and appealing, and providing it with a meaning. Finally, these considerations imply that a richer model of human motivation must be developed in order to reach more comprehensive conclusions. (shrink)

RESUMENUn atento examen de la conocida y problemática cuestión "¿qué es antes el huevo o la gallina?" sirve, en este breve escrito, de introducción metodológica al estudio filósofico de la vida orgánica. Una vez señalado lo incorrecto de la disyunción, se procede, mediante sucesivas ampliaciones, a una profundización teórica en sus implícitos, y, finalmente, a la detección del supuesto que la problematiza y que reside en el sentido pretendidamente unívoco del "antes". La multiplicidad de sentidos reales de la anterioridad pone (...) de manifiesto que el método adecuado para entender la vida orgánica es el método sistémico.PALABRAS CLAVETEORÍA DE LA VIDA-COSMOLOGÍA-ANTROPOLOGÍA-MÉTODO SITÉMICOABSTRACTA carefully study of the popular puzzle "what comes first, the chicken or the egg?" will serve in this short paper as a methodological introduction for the philosophical theory of organic life. After pointing that this disjunction is incorrect, I will arrive, by means of successive amplifications, at an in-depth theoretical study of their assumptions, ans, eventually, at the dislosure of the implicit aspects that make its understanding problematic and which are rooted in the supposed univocal meaning of "first". The multiplicity of actual meanings of priority makes clear that the systemic method is the appropriate one in order to understand organic life.KEYWORDSTHEORY OF LIFE-COSMOLOGY-ANTHROPOLOGY-SISTEMIC METHOD. (shrink)

En este trabajo se asume: que una teoría factual es un sistema conceptual para representar parcelas deI mundo; que la principal manera de expresar tales sistemas es mediante el lenguaje; y que, consecuentemente, en la comparación de teorías rivales tienen importancia los factores de índole ontosemántica. Desde esa perspectiva se analizan dos problemas que surgen de la aceptación de la tesis de la inconmensurabilidad, a saber: a) el de establecer las condiciones ontosemánticas que dan sentido a la comparabilidad de teorías (...) inconmensurables; y b) el de la consideración de un enfoque ontosemántico compatible con el hecho de que algunas modificaciones en una teoría no conlleven variación de significado y referencia, mientras otras sí.In this work it is assumed: that a factual theory is a conceptual system for representing patches of the world; that the principal way of expressing a system of that sort is by means of language; and that, consequently, factors of ontosemantic kind are important for the comparison between rival theories. Given this perspective, two problems, whieh come up from the acceptance of the incommensurability thesis are analyzed: a) to establish the ontosemantic conditions that give sense to the comparability of incommensurable theories; and b) to consider an ontosemantic picture compatible with the fact that some modifications in a theory are not followd by variance of meaning and reference, while other modifications are. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to show how Kant, in constructing his systematic philosophy, makes both implicit and explicit use of his critical solution to the problem of perplexity, which derives from the mismatch between the demand for cognitive com-pleteness and the limitation of objective knowledge.

I mind by transcendental philosophy the pure inquiry of the ultimate realities also called transcendental realities . The whole inquiry is divided in two parts. The first one is dedicated to study the inconditional transcendentals, and the second one to study the conditional transcendentals. Both parts are preceded by one introduction, whose content constitutes the present paper.

Polo is a good master, more preocupied in finding the truth than in being understood by the students. His knowledge is patient; his attention concentrated. He sustains the congruence between the level of the cognitive method that he employs and the topics he investigates. He stands out in three qualities: the audacity in his research, the coexistence with the truth, and the universal overture to wisdom.

The purpose of this article is to open a forum for Polian philosophers to debate with regard to philosophical problems and, in this way, banish the risk of turning the study of L. Polo's thought into a new form of scholasticism.

Temas actuales de Lógica y Filosofía Analítica 143 John Corcoran Notes on the Founding of Logics and Metalogic: Aristotle, Boole, and Tarski 177 Ignacio ...

Martin Heidegger is not yet another historic-philosophical point of reference in Polo’s thought, but the philosopher who has helped him determie his own historic revelance in a more clear fashion. Even though Polo has dialogued philosophically wiwth most of the well-known philosophers, his thought is more related to four big thinkers: Aristotle, Aquinas, Hegel, and Heidegger. As regards the latter, Polo did not only lend him special consideration to his works, as is clear from his ample commentaries to the Introduction (...) of Being and Time and the numerous alusions to his thought, but the existence of a positive similarities on the issues and approaches of both philosophers, also accompanied by deep disagreements, specially on their respective methods. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we deal with the similitudes , both on issues and approaches ; then we deal with the radical disagreements . We finish with a summary of the role played by Heidegger in Polo’s philosophy. (shrink)

Los puntos de partida y los recorridos de las filosofías medieval y moderna son a todas luces diferentes, pero en cambio las líneas ascendentes de ambos periodos filosóficos convergen hacia la persona como hacia lo más altamente real, sin que lleguen a poder asignarle de modo congruente el puesto que ella merece en el orden del ser y del saber. El obstáculo que impide llevar a término esas expectativas, aunque diversamente percibido por cada una, es común a ambas. En esta (...) investigación se señala la posible conciliación de esas filosofías en el conocimiento trascendental de la persona, mediante el método del abandono del límite mental, que convierte aquel obstáculo en camino. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to make clear the basic set up of Leonardo Polo's philosophy. It can be summarized in the transcen-dental character of the act of human understanding and the detection of mental limit with the inmediate consequences which both have for the new posing of philo-sophizing.