Les textes présentés dans cet ouvrage ont pour but d’étudier le rôle des diagrammes dans les relations entre écriture et composition musicale. Partant de l’idée que ces relations se rapportent, peu ou prou, à l’ordre d’une structure logique et se meuvent dans la sphère des schématismes de l’entendement, constatant que la logique formelle échoue à en rendre compte, nous avons proposé de nous livrer à un examen approfondi d’une interprétation diagrammatique. Pour cela, nous avons rassemblé un ensemble de personnalités aux (...) profils divers (musicologues, philosophes et compositeurs). De cette diversité est né un ouvrage fort original où le diagramme, lui-même, en tant qu’il est sa propre écriture, tisse, dans sa matière même, une carte d’intensité des rapports de forces où s’expriment les émotions les plus subtiles, convoquant le signe de la complexité des rapports entre le diagramme, l’œuvre et le sensible. Textes de : Moreno Andreatta, Noëlle Batt, José Luis Besada, Sarah Brault, Marc Chemillier, Jean-Marc Chouvel, Pascal Decroupet, Valeria Giardino, Franck Jedrzejewski, Vinícius Jonas de Aguiar, Hye Young Kim, Carlos Lobo, Justyna Morawska, Álvaro Oviedo, Makis Solomos, Antonia Soulez et Horacio Vaggione. (shrink)

What is econophysics? What makes an econophysicist? Why are financial economists reluctant to use results from econophysics? Can we overcome disputes concerning hypotheses used in financial economics and that make no sense for econophysicists? How can we create a profitable dialogue betweenfinancial economists and econophysicists? How do we develop a common theoretical framework allowing the creation of more efficient models for the financial industry? This book moves beyond the disciplinary frontiers in order to initiate the development of a common theoretical (...) framework that makes sense for both traditionally trained financial economists and econophysicists. Unlike other publications dedicated to econophysics, this book is written by twofinancial economists and it situates econophysics in the evolution of financial economics. The major issues that concern the collaboration between the two fields are analyzed in detail. More specifically, this book explains the theoretical and methodological foundations of these two fields in anaccessible vocabulary providing the first extensive analytic comparison between models and results from both fields. The book also identifies the major conceptual gate-keepers that complicate dialogue between the two communities while it provides elements to overcome them. By mixing conceptual, historical, theoretical and formal arguments our analysis bridges the current deaf dialogue between financial economists and econophysicists. This book details the recent results in econophysics that bring it closer to financial economics. So doing, it identifies what remainsto be done for econophysicists to contribute significantly to financial economics. Beyond the clarification of the current situation, this book also proposes a generic model compatible with the two fields, defining minimal conditions for common models. Finally, this book provides a research agendafor a more fruitful collaboration between econophysicists and financial economists, creating new research opportunities. In this perspective, it lays the foundations for common theoretical framework and models. (shrink)

Peut-on formaliser le vivant ? Peut-on réduire une plante à une simple formule mathématique ? Goethe ne l’aurait pas admis. Pour beaucoup encore, cette question ne se pose même pas tant elle peut sembler provocante et contre-nature. Dans une perspective à la fois historique et épistémologique, ce livre rend compte de travaux contemporains qui ont pourtant tous tenté de braver cet interdit. C’est en grande partie sur ce terrain, hautement problématique, que, dans les premières décennies du XXe siècle, on voit (...) naître puis s’épanouir la pratique des modèles mathématiques appliquée aux sciences végétales. On voit en particulier que ces pratiques nouvelles de modélisation entrent en concurrence avec une tradition ancienne de théorisation mathématique des formes du vivant. C’est même devant les limites des essais théoriques récurrents que le tournant formel des modèles se confirme et permet des avancées incontestables. À l’heure où toutes les sciences à objets complexes parlent beaucoup de modèles et moins de théories, est-ce le signe d’une victoire de la « modélisation » au détriment de la « théorie » ? Cette victoire est-elle définitive ? Cela a-t-il toujours un sens de les opposer ? Et qu’en est-il des « lois » ? En proposant une analyse des travaux mais aussi des positions épistémologiques de certains scientifiques impliqués, en explicitant le sens de ce qui les rapproche, de ce qui les distingue ou les oppose, cet ouvrage montre que l’émergence, l’expansion puis la diversification des pratiques de modélisation formelle du vivant ont contribué, sur le terrain scientifique lui-même, à bousculer les rapports épistémologiques traditionnels entre théories, lois et modèles tels qu’ils nous ont été légués par la physique. (shrink)

The striking similarity between the position of Hobbes’s political sovereign on earth now and the position of Christ following His return after the Last Judgment is the final insight of many contained in Franck Lessay’s trenchant essay. Pursuing several lines of analysis into Hobbes’s ecclesiology, Lessay seeks to show its singularity and radicalism vis-à-vis any other contemporary position. The constant attempt to undercut any pretended independence of the church from the civil government is characteristic of Hobbes’s approach, and in (...) this he is far more Erastian certainly than Laud or also Hooker. An extended focus upon Hobbes’s doctrine of the Trinity yields several important insights regarding the central role of the Christ, as Hobbes understood it, as well as the merely commemorative meaning of the sacraments established by Him. As in other articles in this section, Lessay shows important links between Hobbes’s theology and his politics. (shrink)

European animal disease policy seems to find its justification in a “harm to other” principle. Limiting the freedom of animal keepers—e.g., by culling their animals—is justified by the aim to prevent harm, i.e., the spreading of the disease. The picture, however, is more complicated. Both during the control of outbreaks and in the prevention of notifiable, animal diseases the government is confronted with conflicting claims of stakeholders who anticipate running a risk to be harmed by each other, and who ask (...) for government intervention. In this paper, we first argue that in a policy that aims to prevent animal diseases, the focus shifts from limiting “harm” to weighing conflicting claims with respect to “risks of harm.” Therefore, we claim that the harm principle is no longer a sufficient justification for governmental intervention in animal disease prevention. A policy that has to deal with and distribute conflicting risks of harm needs additional value assumptions that guide this process of assessment and distribution. We show that currently, policies are based on assumptions that are mainly economic considerations. In order to show the limitations of these considerations, we use the interests and position of keepers of backyard animals as an example. Based on the problems they faced during and after the recent outbreaks, we defend the thesis that in order to develop a sustainable animal disease policy other than economic assumptions need to be taken into account. (shrink)

My purpose in this paper is to illustrate how we can understand that what the Christian tradition calls the peccatum naturae neither consists in a mere privation nor in the total corruption of nature. There is a widespread understanding that for Catholics the sin of nature consists in the privation of the gift of original justice –the complete order of the natural tendencies and their subjection to reason as a result of the elevation of our first parents to a state (...) of grace–, whereas Protestant denominations would in general terms understand that after the fall human nature was abandoned to a complete corruption. The two stances are sometimes seen as an either-or dichotomy. My intention is not theological, since I do not want to discuss or decide what Christians should believe in this matter, but I try to dig into the conceptual conditions under which we can coherently understand that our present condition is characterized by a twisted inclination of the will, which without destroying or totally corrupting human nature, still runs contrary to its proper good and cannot be considered as belonging or being inherent to it. I first present Thomas Aquinas’ understanding of the peccatum naturae as a moral defect. Then, I take recourse mostly to Rosmini’s work in order to better understand how there could be a moral weakness, which could be rightly called corruption, without implying that our moral condition is completely irrecoverable. (shrink)

Food production, water management, land use, and animal and public health are all topics of extensive public debate. These themes are linked to the core activities of the agricultural sector, and more specifically to the work of farmers. Nonetheless, the ethical discussions are mostly initiated by interest groups in society rather than by farmers. At least in Europe, consumer organizations and animal welfare and environmental organizations are more present in the public debate than farmers. This is not how it should (...) be. First, because consumers often cannot but rely on agriculture. Second, because recent research shows that farmers have moral beliefs and convictions that appear to be broader than economic considerations and that are—to a certain extent—specific to their profession. This raises the question how to make input from farmers operational in the public debates on the future of farming. We discuss one option: entrusting farmers with professional autonomy concerning moral matters related to farming. We sketch the historical background of the current situation in which farmers are relatively silent on moral matters and we present some clear indications that farmers have values and moral beliefs that are relevant for the public debate. Next the concepts of professionalism and professional autonomy are discussed and applied to the practice of farming. Finally, we discuss the relevance and limits of professional moral autonomy for the agricultural profession. We close with an overview of what this moral autonomy implies for and requires from farmers in practice. We conclude that if some preconditions are met by farmers, then this type of moral autonomy can be relevant for farmers and for society, and contributes to the quality of the public debate on the future of farming. (shrink)

The many well-publicized food scandals in recent years have resulted in a general state of vulnerable trust. As a result, building consumer trust has become an important goal in agri-food policy. In their efforts to protect trust in the agricultural and food sector, governments and industries have tended to consider the problem of trust as merely a matter of informing consumers on risks. In this article, we argue that the food sector better addresses the problem of trust from the perspective (...) of the trustworthiness of the food sector itself. This broad idea for changing the focus of trust is the assumption that if you want to be trusted, you should be trustworthy. To provide a clear understanding of what being trustworthy means within the food sector, we elaborate on both the concept of trust and of responsibility. In this way we show that policy focused on enhancing transparency and providing information to consumers is crucial, but not sufficient for dealing with the problem of consumer trust in the current agri-food context. (shrink)

We offer here a new interpretation of two of the symbols in Plato’s Allegory of the Cave : the shadows in stage C1, when the prisoner is chained, and the puppets in stage C2, when the prisoner is released. The two analyzed symbols are not, according to the author, symbols of reality (C1 = shadows and C2 = sense realities), as a strict parallelism with the Line (L1 = image and L2 = sense reality) would suggest, but rather symbols referring (...) to modes of judgment bearing both on the same sense reality. (shrink)

Où trouver la force de continuer à vivre quand des épreuves terribles privent de l'énergie ou du désir nécessaires pour perpétuer une existence devenue en apparence absurde? Les récits de résilience sont nombreux. Mais il aura fallu attendre Nietzsche pour que la philosophie s'empare avec acuité de cette question. ± [...] je fis de ma volonté de santé, de vivre, ma philosophie? : accablé d'une maladie terriblement douloureuse, l'auteur du Gai Savoir fait d'une expérience vécue un terrain d'expérimentation pour la (...) pensée. La force de vivre est exclusive chez lui de toute recherche d'un quelconque salut dans une foi ou dans une cause. Non pas fuir la maladie, mais se l'approprier en l'explorant par la pensée. En découlent une leçon et une question. Une leçon : la souffrance ne prive pas la vie de son sens, ni ne préjuge de sa valeur. Une question, celle du philosophe qui se fait ± médecin de la civilisation? : le nihilisme peut-il être surmonté? (shrink)

La présence dans le prologue des catégories centrales de la pensée johannique affirme son lien au corps de l’évangile, tandis que l’absence dans ce dernier de plusieurs thèmes majeurs du prologue crée une distance entre l’un et l’autre. Pour rendre compte de cet ensemble de continuités et de discontinuités, beaucoup d’exégètes recourent aux analyses diachroniques, les uns voyant dans l’évangile le commentaire postérieur du prologue, d’autres, inversement, faisant de celui-ci le résumé d’un évangile antérieur. L’analyse littéraire du genre « prédiscours (...) » paraît plus féconde. Sa fonction est d’inciter au désir de lire, de mettre le lecteur en position d’écoute, de solliciter sa mémoire, de guider sa lecture, de décoder le récit évangélique. Par le langage mythologique de la remontée au commencement, le prologue invite le lecteur du récit à appréhender Jésus dans son égalité et son intimité avec Dieu. Par la dynamique de la descente du Logos divin vers le monde, il articule l’histoire de Jésus à son origine en Dieu. Ni résumé ni commentaire, mais acte de relecture, il fixe le cadre herméneutique dans lequel doit être lu le récit johannique.The presence in the Prologue of the central categories of Johannine thought affirms its connection to the body of the Gospel, while the absence in the latter of a number of major themes of the Prologue creates a distance between the one and the other. In order to take into consideration this ensemble of continuities and discontinuities, many exegetes have recourse to diachronic analyses. Some see in the Gospel a posterior commentary on the Prologue, others, on the contrary, make of the latter a resumé of an anterior Gospel. The literary analysis of a “prediscourse” genre seems more fruitful. Its function is to incite a desire to read, to put the reader in a position of listening, to provoke his memory, to guide his reading, and to decode the Gospel story. Through mythological language of a going back to the beginning, the Prologue invites the reader of the narrative to find Jesus in his equality and intimacy with God. Buy the dynamism of the descent of the divine Logos towards the world, it articulates the history of Jesus from his origin in God. Neither resumé nor commentary, but an act of rereading, it sets the hermeneutical framework in which the Johannine narrative ought to be read. (shrink)

L’émergence du phénomène de la narrativité en exégèse du Nouveau Testament ne doit pas seulement être considérée comme un simple perfectionnement technique dans l’approche méthodologiquement fondée des textes. Elle induit un profond renouvellement de la problématique herméneutique elle-même. Ce changement de paradigme peut être mis en évidence en s’appuyant, à titre heuristique, sur la théorie des trois mimèsis élaborée par Paul Ricoeur dans son monumental ouvrage «Temps et récit».

Quantum mechanics is a very successful theory that has impacted on many areas of physics, from pure theory to applications. However, it is difficult to interpret, and philosophical contradictions and counterintuitive results are apparent at a fundamental level. In this book, Laloë presents our current understanding of the theory. The book explores the basic questions and difficulties that arise with the theory of quantum mechanics. It examines the various interpretations that have been proposed, describing and comparing them and discussing their (...) success and difficulties. The book is ideal for researchers in physics and mathematics who want to know more about the problems faced in quantum mechanics but who do not have specialist knowledge in the subject. It will also interest philosophers of science specializing in quantum physics. (shrink)

This book analyses the impact computerization has had on contemporary science and explains the origins, technical nature and epistemological consequences of the current decisive interplay between technology and science: an intertwining of formalism, computation, data acquisition, data and visualization and how these factors have led to the spread of simulation models since the 1950s. -/- Using historical, comparative and interpretative case studies from a range of disciplines, with a particular emphasis on the case of plant studies, the author shows how (...) and why computers, data treatment devices and programming languages have occasioned a gradual but irresistible and massive shift from mathematical models to computer simulations. -/- . (shrink)

Un traité classique de philosophie du droit pénal écrit au 19ème siècle par l'éminent philosophe français Adolphe Franck. Ce livre examine les fondements éthiques et philosophiques du système de justice pénale et propose une réflexion sur les principes sous-jacents qui devraient guider la politique pénale d'une société éclairée. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in (...) the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

Qu'est-ce qu'un commentaire philosophique? Le cas offert par Gilles Deleuze dans son commentaire de Leibniz (Le pli) est l'occasion de saisir quelques uns des enjeux de cette pratique essentielle au travail du philosophe. En revivifiant en effet une tradition historiquement datée (Wölfflin), Gilles Deleuze s'est attaché à produire une description originale du système leibnizien. Au-delà des difficultés soulevées par la nature même de son modèle (la notion de baroque), le commentaire de Deleuze se singularise par une conception particulière de la (...) lecture philosophique comme recréation d'une pensée à partir de la description de ses conditions formelles d'existence. (shrink)

O isolamento social para a contenção da contaminação pela COVID-19 impactou o processo educacional, resultando em efeitos severos na precarização da aprendizagem escolar, principalmente em estudantes de famílias de baixa renda. E como alternativas para que a educação escolar não estagnasse, foi proposta a realização de aulas síncronas através da internet. Entretanto, essa modalidade de ensino não proporciona a universalização do ensino e muito menos o acesso por todos, uma vez que muitos estudantes não possuem acesso à internet. Nas aulas (...) síncronas, o ensino híbrido possibilita que o processo de ensino tenha continuidade no período pandêmico, por utilizar diversas estratégias pedagógicas e também mitigar a aglomeração dos estudantes nas escolas. O professor e os alunos são inseridos em um processo educacional diferente em relação ao ensino tradicional, favorecendo o protagonismo dos alunos, para que possam trabalhar em grupos e compartilhar conhecimentos, e utilizando tecnologias digitais como aliadas nesse processo. (shrink)

Ethics and Sustainability: Guest or Guide? On Sustainability as a Moral Ideal Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-5 DOI 10.1007/s10806-011-9322-6 Authors Franck L. B. Meijboom, Ethics Institute, Utrecht University, Janskerkhof 13a, 3512 BL Utrecht, The Netherlands Frans W. A. Brom, Ethics Institute, Utrecht University, Janskerkhof 13a, 3512 BL Utrecht, The Netherlands Journal Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics Online ISSN 1573-322X Print ISSN 1187-7863.

Quoi de plus inerte que les objets mathématiques. Rien ne les distingue de la pierre et pourtant, à les considérer dans leur perspective historique, ils semblent bien ne pas être aussi dénués de vie qu’il n’y paraı̂t. Conçus par l’homme, ils laissent entrevoir le souffle qui les anime. Pris dans les rets d’un langage, ils ne peuvent se séparer de la forme que les forces tensives qui les contraignent leur ont donnée. S’ils n’ont pas de vocation biologique spécifique, ils sont (...) pour autant toujours et avant tout des possibilités de vie, des objets de puissance. Bien qu’ils ne connaissent ni la douleur, ni le rire, ils ont par leur mode ou leur style d’existence une forme de vie singulière qui structure le donné ou la matière des autres entités auxquels ils participent. De ce fait, en s’immisçant dans l’armature de ces entités, ils conditionnent leur forme d’espace, les enjoignant de se plier à une charpente qu’elles n’ont pas choisie. (shrink)

L’article introductif du numéro de la revue Philosophia Scientiæ met en perspective le dialogue entre l’histoire du livre et de l’édition et l’histoire des sciences et des techniques. Malgré leurs intérêts communs, en dehors des quelques études, ces deux champs demeurent largement disjoints. Nous mettons en perspective la tension entre ces deux champs afin d’inviter à enrichir le dialogue pluridisciplinaire. L’histoire du livre et de l’édition, d’une part, et l’histoire des sciences et des techniques, d’autre part, se sont déjà intéressées, (...) séparément, à certains aspects matériels – qu’ils soient techniques ou financiers – liés à la confection des imprimés. Cependant, comme le montre cette réunion d’articles rédigés par des spécialistes de divers champs disciplinaires et professionnels, d’autres approches, méthodes, sujets émergent pour appréhender l’élaboration des sciences. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage rend hommage à différents « Maîtres à penser » qui, par leur oeuvre, ont notablement enrichi leur discipline. Les juristes, historiens, politistes, philosophes, économistes étudiés ici ont en commun de réfléchir sur le pacte démocratique. Comment articuler liberté et égalité, économie et politique, religion et laïcité, violence et norme coercitive... pour qu'advienne une harmonie synonyme de paix sociale? Chacun - Sturzo, Cuche, Pocock, Quesnay, Zagrebelsky, Makhno, Fanon, Rivero, Albert, Bataille, Desjardins - apporte sa propre réponse. La diversité des (...) auteurs est à l'image de la dimension résolument pluridisciplinaire de ce nouvel opus du Bulletin annuel de Villetaneuse. (shrink)

This book is based on Professor Franck's highly acclaimed Hague Academy General Course. In it he offers a compelling view of the future of international legal reasoning and legal theory. The author offers a critical analysis of the prescriptive norms and institutions of modern international law and argues that international law has the capacity to advance, in practice, the abstract social values shared by the community of states and persons. This book is both thought-provoking and original and as such (...) is essential reading for students of international law and legal theory. (shrink)

C'est un fait bien etabli maintenant que le titre commode d'idealisme allemand ne recouvre ni une unite monolithique de doctrines ni l'unite univoque d'un processus qui, passant par Fichte et Schelling, aurait trouve avec Hegel son seul accomplissement possible. Prenant pour fil conducteur la question de savoir comment doit commencer la philosophie et par quoi il faut commencer en philosophie, on tente ici une lecture comparee de Hegel et de Schelling avec l'ambition de rouvrir entre eux un dialogue rendant manifeste (...) que leur separation n'a pu avoir lieu que sur le fond de ce qui leur echut a tous deux egalement, a savoir la tache d'accomplir la philosophie comme science. La question du commencement philosophique est bien celle que seuls pouvaient veritablement poser ceux qui ont voulu conduire la philosophie a sa fin, a son accomplissement, c'est-a-dire Hegel et Schelling. (shrink)

A phenomenological approach to questions of the body, ego, temporality and intersubjective relations with the 'other' by a leading French thinker and Husserl scholar.

Since the 1990’s, social sciences are living their computational turn. This paper aims to clarify the epistemological meaning of this turn. To do this, we have to discriminate between different epistemic functions of computation among the diverse uses of computers for modeling and simulating in the social sciences. Because of the introduction of a new – and often more user-friendly – way of formalizing and computing, the question of realism of formalisms and of proof value of computational treatments reemerges. Facing (...) the spreading of computational simulations in all disciplines, some enthusiastic observers are claiming that we are entering a new era of unity for social sciences. Finally, the article shows that the conceptual and epistemological distinctions presented in the first sections lead to a more mitigated position: the transdisciplinary computational turn is a great one, but it is of a methodological nature. (shrink)

The credibility of digital computer simulations has always been a problem. Today, through the debate on verification and validation, it has become a key issue. I will review the existing theses on that question. I will show that, due to the role of epistemological beliefs in science, no general agreement can be found on this matter. Hence, the complexity of the construction of sciences must be acknowledged. I illustrate these claims with a recent historical example. Finally I temperate this diversity (...) by insisting on recent trends in environmental sciences and in industrial sciences. (shrink)

BackgroundCurrent policies regulating the use of animals for scientific purposes are based on balancing between potential gain of knowledge and suffering of animals used in experimentation. The balancing process is complicated, on the one hand by plurality of views on our duties towards animals, and on the other hand by more recent discussions on uncertainty in the probability of reaching the final aim of the research and problems of translational failure.MethodsThe study combines ethical analysis based on a literature review with (...) neuropsychiatry-related preclinical research as a case study.ResultsBased on the analysis and the case study we show that neuropsychiatry-related preclinical research is an especially interesting case from an ethical perspective. The 3R principles are used to minimize the negative consequences for the animals used in research. However, neuropsychiatric research is characterized by specific challenges in assessing the probability of success of reaching the final aim, due to our limited mechanistic knowledge of human neuropsychiatric illness. Consequently, the translational value of the currently used animal models may be difficult to prove, which undermines the validity of these models and complicated the ethical assessment.ConclusionsWe conclude that a combined approach that deals with both science and the ethical dimensions is necessary to address the problems of validity and translation in neuropsychiatry-related preclinical research. We suggest this approach to comprise first, improved experimental methods, e.g. by using systematic reviews, second, a more patients-based approach that leads to models that reflect interindividual variation better, and third, more interdisciplinary cooperation. (shrink)

Cet article examine, du point de vue de la socio-économie, comment consommateurs et producteurs s'y prennent pour gérer leurs « embarras du choix » respectifs (diversité de l'offre et de la concurrence d'un côté, difficulté à choisir entre produits similaires de l'autre). En reprenant la métaphore de l'âne de Buridan, qui hésite entre deux quantité de nourriture identiques, l'auteur montre d'une part que le problème du consommateur consiste souvent à convertir l'idée générale qu'il se fait du produit en choix de (...) telle ou telle de ses occurrences particulières, et d'autre part que la gestion moderne vise précisément à « équiper » la décision du consommateur pour le sortir de l'embarras du choix entre produits similaires. Nos choix de consommation individuels apparaissent ainsi comme le fruit d'un arbitrage récurrent, complexe et difficilement prévisible entre notre désir d'effectuer des choix libres et/ou pertinents (s'en remettre à soi-même), et notre souci de ne pas consacrer un temps et un effort excessifs à la sélection des produits (accepter les dispositifs du prêt-à-choisir). (shrink)