Research is being conducted on how corn and the llama, extremely modest elements linked to everyday Andean life, had a prominent religious significance in pre-Hispanic Peru and continue to assume, in much of the Andean Quechua culture, syncretic connotations as a result of more than five centuries of cultural and religious transformations. Likewise, a religious duality is established between these - which seems to be the organizing matrix of the complex symbols of the Andean Quechua culture - that manifests itself (...) in a series of symbolic relationships of opposition, complementation, and analogical and homological equivalence. The theoretical perspective is to conceive religion as a cultural system, with its subjective and symbolic dimension in the terms of Clifford Geertz, and with its objective dimension as proposed by Manuel Marzal. For the study, significant ethnographic work has been carried out in the peasant communities of Lorensayocc and Anansayocc in the Quinua district and in others in Ayacucho region. Additionally, chronicles and other ethnographic sources referring to Cusco and Puno, in southern Peru, have been reviewed. (shrink)

Drawing on the natural-resource-based view, we propose that employee stakeholder integration is linked to environmental performance through firms’ proactive environmental strategies, and that this link is contingent on shared vision. We tested our model with a cross-country and multi-industry sample. In support of our theory, results revealed that firms’ proactive environmental strategies translated employee stakeholder integration into environmental performance. This relationship was pronounced for high levels of shared vision. Our findings demonstrate that shared vision represents a key condition for advancing (...) the corporate greening agenda through proactive environmental strategies. We discuss implications for the CSR and the environmental management literatures, with a particular focus on the NRBV and stakeholder integration debates. (shrink)

En este artículo se estudia la estructura “artículo definido + nombre propio antropónimo” y su distribución de uso en casos de antropónimos femeninos y masculinos. Se parte del supuesto de que esta estructura es más frecuente cuando el antropónimo es femenino. Al ser expletiva la presencia del artículo ante los sustantivos propios y, por el contrario, ser requerido su uso o el de otro determinante, en posiciones sintácticas específicas, ante los sustantivos comunes, la aparición del artículo definido precediendo al antropónimo (...) femenino podría ser una marca del prejuicio social hacia la mujer. Para corroborar esta hipótesis, se realizó un rastreo del fenómeno estudiado en textos de prensa escrita chilena, con el objetivo de analizar su aparición y frecuencia de uso en los casos de antropónimo femenino y masculino. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en oponer dos modos de fundamentar los sistemas políticos: el primero se basa en apelar a la historia y a la identidad nacional; mientras que el segundo pone el acento en los mecanismos institucionales. Vamos a tratar estas dos maneras de entender la política a partir del ejemplo de la Holanda de los siglos xvi y xvii, con la utilización que en esta época se hizo del mito Bátavo y del mito de Venecia. Mientras (...) que el mito bátavo es sólo histórico, el mito de Venecia tiene un componente histórico y un aspecto político y constitucional, que representa Espinosa. (shrink)

El presente artículo busca indagar y explicar la figura del intelectual y la incidencia que puede poseer este en el proceso de construcción de la realidad, en la disputa por la misma. Para realizar lo anterior se hará un recorrido que comienza analizando la obra de Hegel, principalmente en lo relativo al concepto de intersubjetividad, lo que llevará a hacer transparente la figura clave que hay tras la fórmula “el yo es el nosotros y el nosotros el yo”. En un (...) segundo momento, siguiendo los aportes de Marx, se arribará a la comprensión de que tanto teoría como praxis constituyen, de igual manera, una “unidad no aditiva”, lo que nos llevará a concluir que el intelectual en su rol inevitablemente estará implicado en el proceso de disputa que se da en torno al carácter de la realidad. Finalmente, todo este recorrido conceptual se articulará y llevará al concepto del NosOtrxs, desarrollado en la obrade Ricardo Espinoza Lolas, y que no es otra cosa que la articulación político-práctica en la que un NosOtrxs debe asumir y realizar la tarea de construir un mundo mejor, allí donde la justicia pueda hacerse carne. (shrink)

Traditional culture was the matrix of Fidel Sepúlveda’s aesthetic reflection, matrix that constitued itself a model for a Chilean and Latin American aesthetics. On the other hand, the encyclical of Pope Francisco Laudato si became a phenomenon that transcended the strictly ecclesial world, calling for a cross-sensitivity to the environmental issue and the great spiritual crisis that crosses our civilization. Francisco resorts, among other things, to traditional culture as an alternative for future alternative development. Between both perspectives clear (...) coincidences are observed in terms of approach, topics and possible solutions. This article purposes that both reflections meet in the formula “the option for the poor”, coined by Liberation Theology, an alternative assumed by Fidel from an aesthetic reflection and by Francisco as a theological-pastoral stance. (shrink)

This paper presents a new two-dimensional Multiple-Choice Model accounting for Omissions (MCMO). Based on Thissen and Steinberg multiple-choice models, the MCMO defines omitted responses as the result of the respondent not knowing the correct answer and deciding to omit rather than to guess given a latent propensity to omit. Firstly, using a Monte Carlo simulation, the accuracy of the parameters estimated from data with different sample sizes (500, 1,000, and 2,000 subjects), test lengths (20, 40, and 80 items) and percentages (...) of omissions (5, 10, and 15%) were investigated. Later, the appropriateness of the MCMO to the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) Advanced 2015 mathematics and physics multiple-choice items was analyzed and compared with the Holman and Glas' Between-item Multi-dimensional IRT model (B-MIRT) and with the three-parameter logistic (3PL) model with omissions treated as incorrect responses. The results of the simulation study showed a good recovery of scale and position parameters. Pseudo-guessing parameters ( d ) were less accurate, but this inaccuracy did not seem to have an important effect on the estimation of abilities. The precision of the propensity to omit strongly depended on the ability values (the higher the ability, the worse the estimate of the propensity to omit). In the empirical study, the empirical reliability for ability estimates was high in both physics and mathematics. As in the simulation study, the estimates of the propensity to omit were less reliable and their precision varied with ability. Regarding the absolute item fit, the MCMO fitted the data better than the other models. Also, the MCMO offered significant increments in convergent validity between scores from multiple-choice and constructed-response items, with an increase of around 0.02 to 0.04 in R 2 in comparison with the two other methods. Finally, the high correlation between the country means of the propensity to omit in mathematics and physics suggests that (1) the propensity to omit is somehow affected by the country of residence of the examinees, and (2) the propensity to omit is independent of the test contents. (shrink)

In order to create a post-neoliberal society we need to change the way we look at the world. This article begins by considering the lesson learned in the case of “Mont Pèlerin,” where ideas that th...

Pensar é uma espécie de exercício responsável que não pode ser omitido neste momento que vivenciamos e partilhamos. Por isso, cultivar boas reflexões depende, por um lado, da capacidade técnico-acadêmica de pesquisadoras e pesquisadores e, por outro, da maneira como conduzem o seu horizonte filosófico diante de um quadro de perspectivas e desafios. Assim, a produção filosófica não precisa de milagres para compreender a natureza, como afirmará Espinosa, mas de uma aliança entre liberdade e razão.É neste sentido que o presente (...) número da Aurora contempla o dossiê “Atualidade da Filosofia de Espinosa: Matéria e potência”, organizado pelos professores Ricardo Espinosa Lolas e Eladio Craia.O Fluxo Contínuo, por sua vez, dispõe dos artigos “Fantasised alterity, inaudible voices. Notes for a critique of the coloniality of desire”, de Jorge Polo Blanco; “El Estado Intensivo de Gilles Deleuze”, de Julián Ferreyra; “Nietzsche e a mnemotécnica: do sofrimento à afirmação da vida pelo artista da dor”, de Adilson Felicio Feiler; “The role of sense of justice in Rawls’theory”, de Pablo Aguayo Westwood; “Paradigms in Action”, de Paulo Pirozelli e, por último, “É possível filosofar com Heidegger após as confissões nos Cadernos Negros?”, de Luiz Rohden.A Aurora também apresenta, ao final, as resenhas das obras “Aporías de la Democracia”, obra coordenada por Ricardo Espinoza Lolas e Jordi Riba, assinada por Angélica Montes Montoya, e “Hegel and Espinosa: Substance and Negativity”, de Gregor Moder, realizada por Eladio Craia e Arion Keller. (shrink)

Con el objeto de aumentar la rentabilidad, las empresas multinacionales transforman el proceso productivo, buscan flexibilizar las relaciones laborales y orientar las inversiones públicas para facilitar la circulación de las mercancías. Este artículo parte de esta problemática para abordar la dinámica industrial del sector automotriz, dando cuenta de las transformaciones en la territorialización de la producción en esta rama de la actividad económica. Para ello interesa estructurar una mirada de largo plazo enfocada en los movimientos que sufrió el producto bruto (...) geográfico con otra que detiene la observación sobre el modo en que el sector viene transformando las relaciones del trabajo al interior del proceso de trabajo. Ambos niveles de análisis se articulan y refuerzan en una perspectiva que busca potenciar los desarrollos de la sociología urbana y la del trabajo. Descritas estas tendencias específicas, interesa estudiar el desarrollo del polo industrial de Zárate-Campana para comprender el despliegue de las fuerzas productivas de las empresas Toyota y Honda. En términos metodológicos, el artículo analiza datos estadísticos para determinar tendencias sobre los procesos de reconfiguración territorial de las industrias que permiten evidenciar el proceso de relocalización que produjo una fuerte concentración y especialización productiva, destacándose la Zona Norte del Gran Buenos Aires, Rosario y Córdoba, ciudades ubicadas en el corredor ligado al Mercosur. A su vez, se construyeron tipologías de gestión de las relaciones laborales a partir del análisis del contenido de los convenios colectivos de trabajo; finalmente nos adentramos con datos provenientes de informes oficiales, como así también de entrevistas, al sentido de ciertas tendencias comprendiendo los esquemas de percepción en que se inscriben. (shrink)

ABSTRACT:This paper analyzes how national institutional factors affect the adoption of the international environmental management standard ISO 14001, using a panel of 139 countries from 1996 to 2006. The analysis emphasizes that during the emerging phase of the standard, the potential lack of consensus within the constituents of the national institutional environment concerning the value of a new standard could send mixed signals to firms about the standard. The results show that in the early phase of adoption, regulative and normative (...) forces within the institutional environment can work against each other. Results also show that regulative or coercive forces play a relatively more important role in the early phase of adoption of the standard than in the subsequent phases of diffusion. In the later phases of diffusion of ISO 14001, normative forces, such as the diffusion of other management standards, as well as factors related to trade, play a more important role. Because of the similarities between environmental management standards and corporate social responsibility standards, this study can help identify some of the challenges for diffusion of ISO management standards in the area of social responsibility. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:THE MAN BLIND FROM BIRTH AND THE SUBVERSION OF SIN: SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT FUNDAMENTAL MORALS1 James Alison I would like to undertake with you a reading of a passage from the Bible, John Chapter 9. I hope that we will see this chapter yield some interesting insights in the light of my attempt to apply to it the mimetic theory ofRené Girard. I'm not going to expound mimetic theory (...) for you: there is no shortage of books in which such expositions are to be found.2 I'mjust going to put the theory to work, with minimal recourse to technical jargon, in a reading from Scripture, hoping that it will be something like an exercise in publicity for the fecund use to which any of you might put mimetic theory. The reading will not be a simple commentary, but an attempt to experiment with the perspective of the reading. That is to say, we're asking "Who is reading this passage?," "With whom do we identify?" And the reason for this approach is to nudge us into beginning to raise certain questions of fundamental morals, how 'This paper was first published in Theology andSexuality 6, March 1997, and appears here by kind permission ofthe editor. With minor alterations this is the author's translation and adaptation ofa talk given at the Instituto Teológico de America Central (ITAC) in San Pedro Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica in May 1995. For instance: R. Schwager, Must there be Scapegoats? Violence andRedemption in the Bible (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1987); R. Hamerton-Kelly, Sacred Violence: Paul's Hermeneutic ofthe Cross (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1992); J. Williams, The Bible, Violence and the Sacred: Liberationfrom the Myth ofSanctioned Violence (HarperSanFrancisco, 1991); Gil Bailie, Violence Unveiled: Humanity at the Crossroads (New York: Crossroad, 1995)—this is the most accessible ofthe accounts. James Alison27 we talk about them, or live them in a more or less coherent and convincing way. I can't promise you any great conclusions, because I'm only just beginning to get into this subject. For that reason, I'll begin by saying that what follows is somewhat experimental, and will end with a few hints as to possible future paths to follow. I should also begin by saying that my intention is not to cause scandal, but to provoke a discussion which allows a fuller way ofliving a Christian life. In this sense what I'm trying out is an attempt at a search for a theological method which I have not yet mastered and which, if developed, will, I hope, prove somewhat emancipatory for all ofus. Miracle or theological debate? Let us begin our reading of John 9. At first sight we have an account of a miraculous healing. It is the story of a man blind from birth who receives his sight from Jesus one Sabbath, and then of the consequences of this healing among the people who witness, or hear about, the matter. Ifthe account were to be found in one of the synoptic Gospels, perhaps it might remain at that—there is no shortage of such stories. I have no doubt that in the background to the story we're dealing with an historical incident of a healing carried out by Jesus on a Sabbath. However, here the "miraculous healing" element doesn't receive much emphasis, nor does the Sabbath or rather, the matter ofthe Sabbath does receive a certain weight, as we will see later on, but with some very idiosyncratically Johannine touches. In any case, the purpose of this Chapter is determined by the debate about sin, sight, blindness and judgement within which it is set: these are the jeweller's artwork which show forth, and make sense of, the gem ofthe healing. Let us look at the beginning of the story. Jesus sees a man born blind, and his disciples ask him: "Master, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind?" Jesus answers them: "Neither this man nor his parents. He is blind so that the works of God may be made manifest in him." That is to say, the whole story which follows comes as an illustration... (shrink)

Retraction note: Espinoza Palomino, S. A., Silva Juárez, R., Seminario-Morales, M. V., Villalta Arellano, S. R., Arévalo Rodríguez, M. E. & Lujan-Vera, P. E. (2023). Organizational Climate: Characterization from the Perspective of Senati Students - Peru. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Revista Internacional De Humanidades, 21(1), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v21.5030 The Editorial Office of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group has retracted this article. An investigation carried out by our Research Integrity Department has found a group of articles, among which this one is found, (...) that are not within the thematic scope of the journal. We believe that the editorial process was manipulated and, furthermore, acceptance decisions were made under possibly inappropriate peer review. (shrink)

En este artículo se analiza la posición de El eclipse de la fraternidad, ensayo publicado por Antoni Domènech, en el debate acerca del republicanismo cívico. Para ello se atiende en primer lugar a la recepción, en esa obra, de la democracia ateniense y de la institución del salario para cargos públicos, establecido en Atenas desde la revolución de Efialtes en el 461 a. de C. Este es un elemento nuclear en el argumento del libro. Se sigue así la aparición del (...) problema de la fraternidad en la trayectoria intelectual de Domènech. A través de esa recepción de la democracia ateniense, Domènech toma partido en el debate internacional acerca de la tradición republicana y de su origen. La segunda parte del artículo versa sobre este problema. Finalmente se trata de comprender la peculiaridad de El eclipse de la fraternidad en el contexto del republicanismo filosófico español. El método de análisis utilizado se inspira en la sociología de la filosofía, desarrollada entre otros por Pierre Bourdieu, Randall Collins y Martin Kusch. (shrink)

Within emotion theory, envy is generally portrayed as an antisocial emotion because the relation between the envier and the rival is thought to be purely antagonistic. This paper resists this view by arguing that envy presupposes a sense of us. First, we claim that hostile envy is triggered by the envier's sense of impotence combined with her perception that an equality principle has been violated. Second, we introduce the notion of â hetero-induced self-conscious emotionsâ by focusing on the paradigmatic cases (...) of being ashamed or proud of somebody else. We describe envy as a hetero-induced self-conscious emotion by arguing that the impotence felt by the subject grounds the emotion's self-reflexivity and that the rival impacts the subject's self-assessment because the rival is framed by the subject as an in-group member. Finally, we elaborate on the asset at stake in envy. We contend that this is esteem recognition: The envier covets the esteem that her reference group accords to the rival. Because, in envy, the subject conceives of herself as member of a group to which the other is also understood to belong, we conclude that envy is a social emotion insofar as it presupposes a sense of us. (shrink)

Partindo das distinções arendtianas do conceito de público na condição de aparência, exposição e publicidade e público como compartilhamento de um mundo comum tentarei mostrar como nossa percepção da realidade é dependente do senso comum. Essa característica própria da condição humana submete todas as sociedades ao desafio de criar e manter um domínio público, em que, ao confrontar-se umas com as outras e com o mundo percebido, as distintas opiniões possam elevar-se do nível da opinião própria ao patamar de visão (...) comum da realidade, tornando, assim, o mundo partilhável. Em seguida, apresento as características da razão neoliberal a fim de concluir que ela não pode fundar um domínio público e precisa mesmo destruí-lo. Apresento essa ameaça da hegemonia da razão neoliberal sobre o senso comum contemporâneo em termos de tendência porque a total destruição do domínio público significaria também a extinção das sociedades humanas como agregação social e política, o que já foi tentado nos regimes totalitários e fracassou. (shrink)

ABSTRACTThe Grasshopper: Games, Life and Utopia by Bernard Suits is one of the most influential works in the philosophy of sport. In the book, Suits investigates two fundamental issues in general p...

En los más disímiles contextos universitarios, se generan hoy programas para mejorar los desempeños de los docentes en el proceso formativo; pero, infortunadamente estos no siempre resultan en un mejoramiento de la práctica cotidiana de las universidades, sobre todo en la calidad de la formación de los profesionales. De este hecho, el propósito del presente artículo está dado en realizar una valoración de las principales influencias epistemológicas en lo relativo a la profesionalización del docente universitario y develar aquellos desempeños idóneos (...) esenciales que deben poseer en este nivel de educación como expresión de las competencias que deben desarrollar. Today, in most diverse university contexts, programs are developed to improve the performance of professors in the educational process; but unfortunately, they do not always result in improving the daily practice of universities, especially in the quality of professionals training. Of this fact, the purpose of the present article is to carry out a valuation of the main epistemological influences related to the professionalization of universities` professors; and to determine the main essential suitable performances these professionals should have as an expression of the competences they must develop. (shrink)

This paper addresses the possibility of robots engaging in sports. Recently, several movies like Ex-Machina, Chappi, and Transcendence challenge the spectator to think of the consequences of creating artificial intelligences. Although we refer to athletes who have outstanding sporting performances as machines, for example, in cycling people say ‘the cyclist looked like a machine with wheels,’ the potential participation of such AI in sport has not been addressed. For our argument’s sake, we will assume that the creation of human-like robots (...) who will mirror human athletes’ behavior in the playing field will be possible. Recent advances in cybernetics and robotics point in this way. As argued in the literature on philosophy of mind, the fact that intelligent robots seem to be doing something does not imply they are actually doing it. Understood in this way, sport can be conceived as a particular ‘imitation game’ or Turing test, which permits us to distinguish between an artificial intelligence... (shrink)

El texto da cuenta de la importancia de los saltos, de la necesidad de explorar otras formas de lectura que escapen de los cánones estáticos implementados por los tiempos; llama también a construir abordajes y miradas hacia los pasados, que no sucumban a las búsquedas historiográficas tradicionales. Se vuelve, entonces, una trinchera que exhibe rupturas, obras olvidadas de autores como Marx, y bocetos que se van dibujando porque cuestionan y reelaboran discusiones que los estudios académicos han mantenido inertes.

In Spain the different Statutes of Autonomy are undergoing substantial revision. That revision is being made with repeated invocations of the federal model, without noticing that it would never permit a process in which the federated pieces did not form a whole with the federal pieces. There must first exist an overall agreement on such fundamental questions as competencies, financing, institutional relations, etc. Lacking such an agreement at the political level, the situation must be corrected at the legal level. In (...) Germany, which has been the great model for Spanish constitutional design, the notion of constitutional loyalty has been a key element, developed, among others, by the Federal Constitutional Court. The Spanish Constitutional Court, however, until now has not gone into the sacramental foundation of the principle, there where it hides its ultimate authority and, therefore, it finds itself detained for the moment at the starting point of a road it has yet to cover. Because loyalty is the hinge of the state, the lubrication that “serves to facilitate movement”, it reconciles the pieces of the decentralised federal system (federal, regional, or whatever you want to call it). Loyalty acts as the backdrop, which is what in the theatre strictly speaking closes the scene, giving sense to the whole set. (shrink)

In this article, we examine scholarly analyses of justice and develop a framework that can help assess the claims from the parties in the Russian state-led doping scandal, including, but not limited to, Russian athletes, non-Russian athletes, the World Anti-Doping Agency, and sport governing bodies. The two key components of this justice framework are pluralism and relationality/contextuality. We argue that a justice framework built upon these elements better captures the nature of justice. We conclude that no party in the Russian (...) state-led doping case has exclusive access to justice. Rather, all the parties have legitimate calls for justice against one another. Thus, the administration of justice will fail to serve justice, in its different meanings, for all parties. (shrink)

This article examines multinational banks’ approaches to corporate social responsibility in developing countries’ subsidiaries, particularly in Latin America. Building on in-depth case studies of two MNBs that are based in Europe and market leaders in Latin America, we analyze their CSR motivations and outcomes in host countries. We examine institutional environments by applying the national business system framework, and we suggest missing categories in its financial and educational dimensions. We theorize how institutional necessity determines MNBs' CSR in developing countries. Finally, (...) we examine the CSR outcomes in Latin America, where banks’ responsible conduct has led to major improvements in educational levels and financial inclusion. These improvements alleviate poverty and enhance both country's social wellbeing and MNBs’ legitimacy, leading to mutual prosperity. (shrink)

This article examines how migration contributes to the plurality of masculinities among Guatemalan men, particularly among migrant men and their families. I argue that migration offers an opportunity to men, both migrant and nonmigrant, to reflect on their emotional relations with distinct family members, and show how, by engaging in this reflexivity, these men also have the opportunity to vent those emotions in a way that offsets some of the negative traits associated to a hegemonic masculinity, such as being unemotional, (...) nonnurturing, aggressive, and dispassionate. This study contributes to transnational migration studies in three ways: by examining the more personal and emotional side of transnational life, by examining ways in which men step away from culturally expected hegemonic masculine identity, and by providing an empirical study of subaltern masculinities, particularly among transnational immigrant men. Drawing on multi-sited, in-depth interviews conducted in Guatemala and California, my research contributes to our understanding of the emotional costs of transnational migration for migrants and their families, particularly for men, by examining the interplay among gender, family, and transnational migration. (shrink)

The animal entertainment industry includes different practices. Some consist in torturing an animal to death, as in bullfighting and countless other popular traditions, while others involve watching an animal in captivity, which can be another form of torture. Perhaps the most profitable practice is forcing very intelligent animals to perform the same routine several times daily in zoos and aquariums containing marine mammals, or in circuses containing terrestrial mammals. These businesses then present the animals in whatever way that makes the (...) practice appear less immoral, claim to have education and conservation as their mission, and present their entertainment businesses as altruistic charities. Disseminating their misleading discourse is unethical. (shrink)

a central thesis of martin heidegger's first reading of a Platonic dialogue, the 1924/25 course on the Sophist, was that, "for the Greeks, being means precisely to be present, to be in the present [Anwesend-sein, Gegenwärtig-sein]."1 Heidegger saw this Greek interpretation of being as leading to Plato's specific interpretation of being as eidos or idea. Heidegger makes this clear in the following passage from another Plato course, the 1931–32 course On the Essence of Truth: "'Idea' is the look [der Anblick] (...) of what something offers itself as being. These looks [Anblicke] are that in which the individual thing presents itself as this or that, that in which it is present and presencing [präsent und anwesend].... (shrink)