Qu'ont en commun Diderot, D'Alembert et l'abbé de Saint-Pierre? Voisenon et Pluche? Fontenelle et Sade? La Font de Saint-Yenne et Condillac? Casanova et Buffon? Batteux et Barruel? Peu de chose a priori réunit les auteurs qui dialoguent au sein de ce volume, sinon que tous, quel que soit leur domaine de réflexion, ont été amenés durant leur parcours intellectuel à se confronter à la question du système et à se prononcer sur sa nécessité, sa pertinence et sa valeur. A lire (...) les études ici rassemblées, il apparaît que la pensée du système innerve les champs du savoir et de la création au XVIIIe siècle. Mais ce tropisme systématique étonnamment persistant ne signifie nullement la permanence de la valeur accordée à l'esprit de système : ces systèmes omniprésents traduisent plutôt la perte de majesté du système, détrôné par d'autres manières de penser et d'écrire le monde et les hommes."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Célestin Freinet a été arrêté le 20 mars 1940 comme militant communiste, sur ordre du Préfet des Alpes-Maritimes, et interné dans divers camps du sud de la France jusqu'au mois d'octobre 1941. C'est à " former en l'enfant l'homme de demain ", un enfant plus instruit, plus responsable, plus heureux, que s'est attaché cet infatigable promoteur d'une pédagogie nouvelle coopérative. On retrouvera dans ces lettres l'essentiel de la réflexion éducative contenant en germe ses deux ouvrages majeurs, " l'éducation du travail (...) " et " Essai de psychologie sensible ", écrits lorsque Freinet est assigné à résidence en 1941. Mais le témoignage de cet esprit pénétrant et engagé est également remarquable pour sa valeur historique : son regard éclaire sous un jour encore assez peu connu, la misère morale et matérielle des internés, leurs souffrances et leur détresse, leur puissance à résister aussi. Ce volume épistolaire intéressera à la fois tous les curieux de l'œuvre de Freinet, tous ceux que l'éducation nouvelle et la rénovation de l'enseignement préoccupent, et ceux que ne laisse pas indifférents cette période dramatique de notre Histoire racontée au jour le jour, et à laquelle Elise Freinet apporte un écho attentif et émouvant. (shrink)

ABSTRACTThe visual system has been found to prioritise emotional stimuli so robustly that their presence can temporarily “blind” people to non-emotional targets in their direct line of vision. This...

This study deals with responsibility as part of innovation. By nature, innovation gives birth to development for the organization and can only be at the core of any strategy within an ever-increasingly global economic context. However it also raises new questions stemming mostly from the impossibility to forecast the success of the innovations. More precisely, the questions raised by innovation also concern its consequences on society as a whole. Today, the innovator should understand his responsibility, the consequence of each innovation. (...) Moreover, common acceptance of the word ‘responsibility’ raises some questions about its use and how it should be understood. What does ‘responsibility’ mean? Who is responsible and for what? Through the notion of ‘care’, we aim at providing an evolution of responsible-innovation. The concept of ‘innovation-care’ is centered on people and more precisely focuses on taking care of them. The purpose of innovation-care is indeed to innovate and keep up with the level of productivity necessary to any organization while taking into account the essential interdependence between the status of the innovator and that of the citizen. (shrink)

While there has been significant discussion in the health sciences and ethics literatures about problems associated with publication practices (e.g., ghost- and gift-authorship, conflicts of interest), there has been relatively little practical guidance developed to help researchers determine how they should fairly allocate credit for multi-authored publications. Fair allocation of credit requires that participating authors be acknowledged for their contribution and responsibilities, but it is not obvious what contributions should warrant authorship, nor who should be responsible for the quality and (...) content of the scientific research findings presented in a publication. In this paper, we review arguments presented in the ethics and health science literatures, and the policies or guidelines proposed by learned societies and journals, in order to explore the link between author contribution and responsibility in multi-author multidisciplinary health science publications. We then critically examine the various procedures used in the field to help researchers fairly allocate authorship. (shrink)

Im Folgenden beschreibt Elise v. Bernstorff den künstlerisch-forschenden Ansatz einer spezifisch theater-/ performancewissenschaftlichen Blickweise in (dem ersten Augenschein nach) theaterfremde Felder und das Interesse, Selbstverständnis, die Voraussetzungen, mit denen sie sich als Theaterwissenschaftlerin in das Feld Schule begibt.

"Qu'est-ce que l'imagination?" est une question récurrente en philosophie. Il est plus rare de se demander si l'imagination peut être un mode de vie. Plus exactement, il importe de comprendre en quoi la compréhension et l'exercice de l'imagination peuvent nous permettre d'inventer de nouveaux mondes, qu'ils soient individuels ou collectifs. En effet, les maux de nos sociétés ne sont-ils pas ce qu'ils sont par déficit d'imagination? Si celle-ci fait appel autant à notre raison qu'à notre désir d'utopie, elle peut être (...) ce par quoi de nouvelles manières de vivre adviendront. L'appel de l'imagination est d'ordre transcendantal : il nous incite à sortir de notre quotidien ordinaire et nous pousse à interroger notre rapport à notre esprit et à notre réalité. L'approche philosophique de l'imagination devient alors un exercice spirituel destiné à repenser des modes de vie à même d'établir autant une construction de soi inédite qu'une société originale."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

À partir des vidéos graffitis de Guillermo Gomez-Peña, récemment produites, on examine l'usage des rituels de la vie quotidienne et leur théâtralisation. Gomez-Peña est un Mexicain vivant aux États-Unis depuis vingt-cinq ans et qui consacre sa vie à la création de performances ayant pour thème la différence culturelle et la représentation de l'autre au moyen de stéréotypes plus ou moins assumés. Mais s'agit-il de rituels à proprement parler ou de parodies de rituels? Les différentes pratiques sont analysées et classées en (...) plusieurs catégories. L'« anthropologie inversée » consiste à observer la culture familière avec les yeux de la culture étrangères Le corps de l'acteur devient le lieu d'identités variables, il se transforme au gré des rôles à jouer. Le travail formel et esthétique est capital, non seulement pour produire des sketches qui résistent à l'interprétation immédiate et à l'actualité, mais pour faire progresser la méthode anthropologique. L'acteur théâtralise ces rituels, les organise au sein d'une mise en scène, laquelle est elle-même un graffiti qu'il faut à la fois approfondir et effacer. Ainsi la mise en scène de ces graffitis est-elle à la fois théâtrale, performative et rituelle.From graffiti videos Guillermo Gomez-Peña, recently produced examines the use of rituals of daily life and dramatization. Gomez-Peña is a Mexican living in the United States for twenty-five years and devoted his life to the creation of performances on the theme of cultural difference and the representation of the other through stereotypes more or less assumed. But is it strictly rituals or rituals parodies? Different practices are analyzed and classified into several categories. The "reverse anthropology" is to observe the familiar culture through the eyes of foreign culture The actor's body becomes the identity variables, it changes with the roles. Formal and aesthetic work is crucial not only to produce sketches that resist immediate interpretation and timeliness, but to advance the anthropological method. The actor dramatizes these rituals, organized within a scene, which is itself a graffiti need to both deepen and clear. And the staging of the graffiti it is both theatrical and performative ritual. (shrink)

Can you rationally double-check what you already know? In this paper, I argue that you can. Agents can know that something is true and rationally double-check it at the very same time. I defend my position by considering a wide variety of cases where agents double-check their beliefs to gain epistemic improvements beyond knowledge. These include certainty, epistemic resilience, and sensitivity to error. Although this phenomenon is widespread, my proposal faces two types of challenges. First, some have defended ignorance norms, (...) on which agents are only allowed to inquire about things they don't already know. Second – motivated by strong conceptions of belief or pragmatic encroachment – some have argued that double-checking destroys knowledge. I argue that these competing views fail to capture both the epistemic value of double-checking and the many reasons why agents might double-check. Moreover, they rely on overly strong assumptions about what inquiry, knowledge, or belief requires. Finally, I marshal linguistic data in favor of the compatibility of knowledge and double-checking. (shrink)

Can agents rationally inquire into things that they know? On my view, the answer is yes. Call this view the Compatibility Thesis. One challenge to this thesis is to explain why assertions like “I know that p, but I’m wondering whether p” sound odd, if not Moore-Paradoxical. In response to this challenge, I argue that we can reject one or both premises that give rise to it. First, we can deny that inquiry requires interrogative attitudes. Second, we can deny the (...) ignorance norm, on which agents are not permitted to both know and have interrogative attitudes, such as wondering. I argue that there are compelling reasons to deny the former and reasons to question the latter. Both options pave the way for further work on further inquiry. (shrink)

Quantum decoherence is receiving a great deal of attention today not only in theoretical and experimental physics but also in branches of science as diverse as molecular biology, biochemistry, and even neuropsychology. It is no surprise that it is also beginning to appear in various philosophical debates concerning the fundamental structure of the world. The purpose of this article is primarily to acquaint non-specialists with quantum decoherence and clarify related concepts, and secondly to sketch its possible implications – independent of (...) particular interpretations of quantum mechanics – for broader philosophical debates. For example, decoherence shows that any method of parsing nature into levels or parts cannot be in principle but instead derives from our perception of the world as classical, a perception that is itself sustained by the process of decoherence. (shrink)

I argue that quantum decoherence—understood as a dynamical process entailed by the standard formalism alone—carries us beyond conceptual aspects of non-relativistic quantum mechanics deemed insurmountable by many contributors to the recent quantum gravity and cosmology literature. These aspects include various incarnations of the measurement problem and of the quantum -to-classical puzzle. Not only can such problems be largely bypassed or dissolved without default to a particular interpretation, but theoretical work in relativistic arenas stands to gain substantial physical and philosophical insight (...) by incorporating decoherence phenomena. (shrink)

En 2016, au plus fort de la crise de l’accueil des réfugiés en Europe, Elise Pestre, psychanalyste et maîtresse de conférences à l’Université Paris Cité, participe à une recherche transdisciplinaire qui a comme terrain le « territoire-symptôme » de la « Jungle » de Calais et de quelques autres « zones-frontières ». En 2022, elle publie La vie dans la jungle aux PUF, ouvrage dans lequel elle rend compte de son expérience de psychanalyste plongée dans l’épaisseur de la frontière. Cet (...) entretien revient avec elle sur cette expérience et ce projet de recherche. (shrink)

Toward a Postmodernist View of Conflict of Interest Content Type Journal Article Category Case Studies Pages 1-2 DOI 10.1007/s11673-012-9359-x Authors Elise Smith, Doctorat en sciences humaines appliquées, option bioéthique, Programmes de bioéthique, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7 Journal Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Online ISSN 1872-4353 Print ISSN 1176-7529.

Der folgende Text von Elise v. Bernstorff ist als Transmission des Motivs der Scham aus dem Feld Theater in das Feld Schule entstanden. Er beruht auf einer Situation in einer kurzfristig anberaumten Vertretungsstunde in einer zweiten Klasse der Grundschule einer ländlichen Kleinstadt.

La contribution part du constat qu’il existe actuellement peu d’exigences de transparence en ce qui concerne les algorithmes de justice prédictive qui seraient mis à la disposition des juges judiciaires et administratifs pour adopter des décisions de justice, en dépit des propositions formulées en ce sens. Elle recherche pourquoi de telles exigences devraient être imposées et comment elles pourraient être concrétisées. Elle expose dans un premier temps les raisons pour lesquelles de telles exigences seraient souhaitables, en rappelant les nombreux risques (...) inhérents aux algorithmes ( a fortiori dans l’optique de les mettre à disposition des juges dans un but de justice prédictive) et en démontrant que ces risques pourraient être contrebalancés par l’application d’exigences de transparence. Elle esquisse dans un second temps une proposition de concrétisation de ces exigences, en commençant par approfondir leurs fondements juridiques potentiels. Elle s’inspire des exigences de transparence administrative applicables aux administrations qui fondent des décisions individuelles sur des algorithmes pour proposer une modélisation d’exigences de transparence applicables aux magistrats pour ce qui concerne le degré d’utilisation d’algorithmes dans l’adoption de décisions de justice, dans le respect des prérogatives des magistrats et des garanties dont ils bénéficient. (shrink)

L’enjeu de cet ouvrage est de mettre au jour une continuité des exercices spirituels dans la philosophie contemporaine depuis Ralph Waldo Emerson et Henri David Thoreau jusqu’aux philosophes que sont, entre autres, Pierre Hadot, Hilary Putman, Stanley Cavell, William James, John Dewey, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Michel Foucault, Richard Rorty ou encore Richard Shusterman. A travers le pragmatisme, le méliorisme, le perfectionnisme ou l’esthétique de l’existence, ce parcours de près de deux siècles met en évidence l’idée que la philosophie comme pratique des (...) exercices spirituels demeure, que celle-ci perdure dans notre espace contemporain en s’appropriant parfois de nouveaux terrains comme l’art, le corps... (4e de couv.). (shrink)

Over the past two decades, the promotion of collaborative partnerships involving researchers from low and middle income countries with those from high income countries has been a major development in global health research. Ideally, these partnerships would lead to more equitable collaboration including the sharing of research responsibilities and rewards. While collaborative partnership initiatives have shown promise and attracted growing interest, there has been little scholarly debate regarding the fair distribution of authorship credit within these partnerships.

Mit besonderem Fokus auf die klangliche Dimension der Schule beschreibt Elise v. Bernstorff, ausgehend von ihren Notizen während mehrerer Schulbesuche, einen Tag in einer inklusiven Gesamtschule in einer deutschen Großstadt. Dabei werden konventionalisierte, institutionalisierte sowie,undefinierte‘ Praktiken und Aneignungenprozesse beschrieben. Der Versuch, eine performative dichte Beschreibung als analytisches Werkzeug im Forschungsprozess zu entwickeln, stellt auch eine Annäherung an implizite, sensorische und situative Formen von Wissen dar.

Examines the social aspect of moral agency, building an account of critical engagement that focuses on the transformation of moral attention through communicative exchange, rather than on matters of judgment or on behavioral outcomes.

(2013). Evolutionary modules and Bayesian facilitation: The role of general cognitive resources. Thinking & Reasoning: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 27-53. doi: 10.1080/13546783.2012.713177.

This essay bridges together social network and institutional perspectives to examine how women on boards, by breaking up directors’ homophilous networks, contribute to board effectiveness. It proposes that through real and symbolic representations, women enhance perceptions of the board’s instrumental, relational, and moral legitimacy, leading to increased perceptions of the board’s trustworthiness which in turn fosters shareholders’ trust in the firm. Envisioning the gender diversification of boards as an event of institutional change, this article considers the critical role of shareholder (...) activists and legislative support from the SEC in the deinstitutionalization of old boys’ networks and the reinstitutionalization of gender diverse boards. This work is substantiated with evidence obtained through 34 semi-structured interviews, archival and documentary evidence. (shrink)

When we think about agents who change a long-standing belief, we sometimes have conflicting reactions. On the one hand, such agents often epistemically improve. For example, their new belief may be better supported by the evidence or closer to the truth. On the other hand, such agents are often subject to criticism. Examples include politicians who change their minds on whether climate change is occurring or whether vaccines cause autism. What explains this criticism, and is it ever justified? To answer (...) these questions, I introduce the notion of epistemic atonement. By epistemic atonement, I mean the process of making up for one’s previous epistemic failures, including believing badly. Central to my account is the idea that epistemic atonement requires restoring trust and indicating trustworthiness. I flesh out my proposal by drawing on philosophical and empirical literature on apologies, demonstrating that epistemic blame and atonement parallels the moral domain in various under-appreciated respects. (shrink)

Given the extreme focus on perceived physical defects in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), we expected that perceptual and cognitive biases related to physical appearance would be associated with BDD...

« De l’éthique à l’ergothérapie » de Marie-Josée Drolet et Mélanie Ruest vise à outiller l’étudiant et le professionnel en ergothérapie face à des situations complexes soulevant des enjeux éthiques. Combinant théorie, cas tirés de la pratique de l’ergothérapie et courts exercices d’application des connaissances, les auteures guident le lecteur sur le chemin de l’analyse éthique. Ce livre s’adresse à toute personne désireuse d’intégrer l’éthique à sa pratique, pour un cheminement personnel mais aussi collectif et interdisciplinaire.

The aim of this text is to relate the three triads presents on the Plotinus’ Enneads - 1. the three types of man: the musician, the lover, and the philosopher; 2. the three men: the sensible man, the rational man and the Form of man; 3. the potencies, faculties or capacities of the soul: the desiring one, the perceiving one, and the reasoning faculty or discursive one - in order to clarify the conditions or presuppositions of man’s ascent to the (...) One through the ways of the musician, the lover, and the philosopher. We analyze how these men use soul’s faculties to return to the One and, in consequence, we propose a delimitation of the differences between men and their capacities for such ascent. (shrink)

This paper examines two moments in the globalization of human genetics, focusing on the American University of Beirut as a site of interaction between American, European and Middle Eastern scientific actors and research subjects. In the interwar period, the establishment of clinical laboratories at AUB's medical school enabled the development of an informal large-scale programme to study human heredity through anthropometry and sero-anthropology. AUB's Middle Eastern students were trained in these techniques, and research results were disseminated locally in Arabic as (...) well as in international scientific journals. In the post-war period, new technologies transformed human genetics into an internationally coordinated science with specialized laboratories. However, an attempt to establish such a lab at AUB during the 1960s ended in failure: the Anthropological Blood Grouping Laboratory functioned for only four years before closing. The American and British personalities who promoted the ABGL in Lebanon aimed to collect blood samples from across the region without committing to long-term relationships with local scientists and research subjects. As an ‘outpost’ for Western scientists, the ABGL embodied the neo-colonial structure of post-war human population genetics, both in its unfulfilled aspirations to serve metropolitan research agendas and in its marginalization of Middle Eastern scientists. (shrink)

It is widely accepted that consent is a normative power. For instance, consent can make an impermissible act permissible. In the words of Heidi Hurd, it “turns a trespass into a dinner party... an invasion of privacy into an intimate moment.” In this chapter, I argue against the assumption that consent has such robust powers for moral transformation. In particular, I argue that there is a wide range of sex that harms or wrongs victims despite being consensual. Moreover, these cases (...) are not limited to those where con- sent is vitiated by background conditions. I start by calling this category of consensual sex Bad Sex. I then distinguish subspecies of this category, including psychological pressure, social coercion, and epistemically unsafe sex. I end by responding to an objection on which we should treat at least some subspecies of Bad Sex as rape. Though this alternative proposal is often motivated by ameliorative and strategic considerations, I argue that such considerations actually count against collapsing the categories of Bad Sex and rape. (shrink)