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We identify the computational complexity of the satisfiability problem for FO 2 , the fragment of first-order logic consisting of all relational first-order sentences with at most two distinct variables. Although this fragment was shown to be decidable a long time ago, the computational complexity of its decision problem has not been pinpointed so far. In 1975 Mortimer proved that FO 2 has the finite-model property, which means that if an FO 2 -sentence is satisfiable, then it has a finite (...) model. Moreover, Mortimer showed that every satisfiable FO 2 -sentence has a model whose size is at most doubly exponential in the size of the sentence. In this paper, we improve Mortimer's bound by one exponential and show that every satisfiable FO 2 -sentence has a model whose size is at most exponential in the size of the sentence. As a consequence, we establish that the satisfiability problem for FO 2 is NEXPTIME-complete. (shrink)

Discusses how the conscious self is created by the brain, explains brain structure, and explores the mind-body connection.

v. 1. The philosophy of the Veda and of the epic.--The Buddha and the Jina.--The Sāmkhya and the classical Yoga-system.--v. 2. The Nature-philosophical schools and the Vaiśeṣika system.--The system of the Jaina.--The materialism.

The need for better incorporation of the construct emotional intelligence (EI) into counterproductive work behavior (CWB) research may be achieved via a unified conceptual framework. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to use the Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS) approach, a conceptual framework that unifies motivational process with antecedents and outcomes, to assess differences in EI concerning a variety of constructs: organizational justice, CWB, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and intrinsic motivation. Employing established scales within a framework unifying CWB, (...) intrinsic motivation, EI, organizational justice, and outcome constructs, two EI-based profiles displayed associations with CWB based on responses from 3,293 employees. Both the first core profile, high overall justice and low emotional intelligence, and the second core profile, high emotional intelligence and low work motivation, displayed associations with interpersonal deviance and organizational deviance, as well as emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. The results are discussed with respect to possible underlying theory and an overarching unified motivation framework that incorporates goal choice, intrinsic motivation, antecedents, and outcomes. We also provide directions for future research and implications for managers in the workplace based on heuristic conceptual frameworks that combine multiple motivational perspectives into a unified model. (shrink)

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Weltgebäude, Weltgesetze, Weltentwicklung" verfügbar.

Heller examines the sense of values embodied in the works of key German writers and thinkers from Goethe to Kafka, particularly the consciousness of life's depreciation.

Rede und Gegenrede, pro und contra - jeweils von derselben Person zu einem bestimmten Thema? Wer kennt das nicht von sich selbst? Auch beim Philologen und Philosophen Friedrich Nietzsche finden sich solche Stellen in seinem Werk. Systematisch aufbereitet durch den Autor, umfasst das Buch 287 Schlagwörter und 5527 Zitate, geordnet nach pro und contra und ein Fundstellenverzeichnis. Das Buch will sein: Ein Zugang und Schlüssel zu Nietzsches Schriften Ein Nietzsche-Nachschlagewerk Ein Nietzsche-Brevier Eine Aufforderung an den Leser, von der Oberfläche der (...) Zitate in die Tiefen der Gedankengänge Nietzsches vorzudringen Ein Rüstzeug zum Selbst-Überdenken der Probleme Ein Buch von Studiendirektor i.R. Erich Frey-Teschen (1922 - 2016), posthum herausgegeben von Roman Seidl. (shrink)

Will man dem Lebenswerk Nietzsches gerecht werden, so ist es unerlässlich, vier Schwerpunkten in Nietzsches Leben besondere Beachtung zu schenken, da sie von außerordentlicher Bedeutung sind, nämlich seinem Elternhaus, d.h. seiner Kindheit und Jugend, seiner Beziehung zum griechischen Altertum im Rahmen seiner Bildung, seiner intensiven Beschäftigung mit dem Werk Schopenhauers und dem Einfluss der progressiven Paralyse als Spätstadium einer acquirierten syphilitischen Erkrankung auf sein Werk, was bisher leider zu wenig kompetente Berücksichtigung erfuhr. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche wurde in Röcken bei Lützen (...) als Sohn eines evangelischen Pfarrers geboren. Bereits 5 Jahre danach starb sein Vater. Der Rest der Familie, bestehend aus seiner noch sehr jungen Mutter, seiner um 2 Jahre jüngeren Schwester, zweier Tanten und der sehr dominanten Großmutter, zog nach Naumburg, wo Nietzsche zunächst die Bürgerschule besuchte. Dort wuchs er in fast ausschließlich weiblicher Umgebung ganz im Geiste tiefer evangelisch - christlicher Frömmigkeit auf Die Bibelkenntnisse des sensiblen, musikalisch und literarisch äußerst begabten Knaben waren mit der Zeit so umfangreich geworden, dass man i hn scherzhaft als den kleinen Pastor bezeichnete. In dieser Zeit sind sicherlich die Wurzeln für seinen späteren Antifeminismus zu suchen sowie seine Abneigung gegenüber dem Christentum, das er nahezu ausschließlich in der Form einer naiven, weiblich geprägten, weichlich-frömmelnden Religionsausübung kennen lernte, die ihm dekadent erscheinen musste. Er hatte so keine Gelegenheit, die eigentliche Stärke und Tiefe des Christentums zu erfahren. (shrink)

With Hegel’s observations in his Lectures on Aesthetics, on the difference between the epic poetry of the ancients and the novel as the dominant literary form of the present, we are at the center of these meditations. The great epic poems of antiquity, Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, for instance, or Virgil’s Aeneid, reflect not only the minds of certain poets; they are, at the same time, as are all great literary works, recognizable as the product of an age; and the (...) age of Homer, the age of epic poetry, Hegel characterizes as a “fundamentally poetic state of the world,” that is a world in which poetry is not merely written, but, as it were, lived. The active intervention and participation of gods in the lives of mortals; groves and springs and hills as the habitats of nymphs and fauns; the poetic comprehension of what is, was at that time not a matter of the poetic imagination at work in the minds of a few chosen individuals, of artists whose successors, much later in history, more often than not lamented their separation from their contemporary surroundings, but was “natural,” a matter of fact, of ways of thinking and feeling shared by the whole community. It is not absurd to say that in such a world our distinctions between imagination and fact were of little importance, if not unknown. It is this that led the young Nietzsche to accuse the first great analytical rationalist of Greece, Socrates, the indefatigable questioner, of having destroyed mythology, of having helped to bring about the end of tragedy, indeed, of Greek art. (shrink)