Results for 'Drinker principle'

944 found
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  1.  51
    Constructive Logic is Connexive and Contradictory.Heinrich Wansing - forthcoming - Logic and Logical Philosophy:1-27.
    It is widely accepted that there is a clear sense in which the first-order paraconsistent constructive logic with strong negation of Almukdad and Nelson, QN4, is more constructive than intuitionistic first-order logic, QInt. While QInt and QN4 both possess the disjunction property and the existence property as characteristics of constructiveness (or constructivity), QInt lacks certain features of constructiveness enjoyed by QN4, namely the constructible falsity property and the dual of the existence property. This paper deals with the constructiveness of the (...)
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  2.  45
    Doctor Johnson Kicks a Stone.John P. Sisk - 1986 - Philosophy and Literature 10 (1):65-75.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:John P. Sisk DOCTOR JOHNSON KICKS A STONE Readers OF Boswell's Life ofJohnson will remember the great Doctor's refutation of Bishop Berkeley's idealism. He and Boswell had just come out of a church in Harwich and were discussing the Bishop's "ingenious sophistry to prove the nonexistence of matter." Boswell observed "that though we are satisfied his doctrine is not true, it is impossible to refute it." To mis Johnson (...)
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  3. Cope: Master Naturalist. The Life and Letters of Edward Drinker Cope, with a Bibliography of His Writings Classified by Subjects.Edward Drinker Cope & Henry Fairfield Osborn - 1932 - Philosophy 7 (27):363-364.
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  4.  38
    Aviation Medicine in Its Preventive AspectsJohn F. Fulton.C. K. Drinker - 1949 - Isis 40 (3):302-303.
  5.  21
    Francis Bacon.Catherine Drinker Bowen - 1963 - Boston,: Little, Brown.
    Modern scholars hold Bacon's philosophical works, Novum Organum, Advancement of Learning, and The New Atlantis, as his greatest achievements. Bowen's story reveals a man whose genius it was not to immerse himself in the rigor of scientific experimentation, but to realize what questions science should ask, and thereby reach beyond the status quo and appeal to the wider imagination of his generation. In his writings, Bacon challenged established social and religious orders, raised questions about the mind/body relation and the role (...)
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  6.  20
    Reminiscences of Work on Capillary Circulation. A Lecture to the Students in the Harvard Medical School, 1946.August Krogh, Eugene M. Landis & Cecil K. Drinker - 1950 - Isis 41 (1):14-20.
  7.  18
    Royce's Argumentjor the Absolute, WJ MANDER.Concerning First Principles - 1998 - In Daniel N. Robinson, The mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
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  8. The semiconducting principle of monetary and environmental values exchange.Quan-Hoang Vuong - 2021 - Economics and Business Letters 10 (3):284-290.
    This short article represents the first attempt to define a new core cultural value that will enable engaging the business sector in humankind’s mission to heal nature. First, I start with defining the problem of the current business culture and the extant thinking on how to solve environmental problems, which I called “the eco-deficit culture.” Then, I present a solution to this problem by formulating the “semiconducting principle” of monetary and environmental values exchange, which I believe can generate “an (...)
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  9.  91
    The Sensitivity Principle in Epistemology.Kelly Becker & Tim Black (eds.) - 2012 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    The sensitivity principle is a compelling idea in epistemology and is typically characterized as a necessary condition for knowledge. This collection of thirteen new essays constitutes a state-of-the-art discussion of this important principle. Some of the essays build on and strengthen sensitivity-based accounts of knowledge and offer novel defences of those accounts. Others present original objections to sensitivity-based accounts and offer comprehensive analysis and discussion of sensitivity's virtues and problems. The resulting collection will stimulate new debate about the (...)
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  10.  75
    Youth should decide: the principle of subsidiarity in paediatric transgender healthcare.Florence Ashley - 2023 - Journal of Medical Ethics 49 (2):110-114.
    Drawing on the principle of subsidiarity, this article develops a framework for allocating medical decision-making authority in the absence of capacity to consent and argues that decisional authority in paediatric transgender healthcare should generally lie in the patient. Regardless of patients’ capacity, there is usually nobody better positioned to make medical decisions that go to the heart of a patient’s identity than the patients themselves. Under the principle of subsidiarity, decisional authority should only be held by a higher (...)
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  11.  22
    On principle-based evaluation of extension-based argumentation semantics.Pietro Baroni & Massimiliano Giacomin - 2007 - Artificial Intelligence 171 (10-15):675-700.
  12.  66
    The libertarian nonaggression principle.Matt Zwolinski - 2016 - Social Philosophy and Policy 32 (2):62-90.
    Libertarianism is a controversial political theory. But it is often presented as a resting upon a simple, indeed commonsense, moral principle. The libertarian “Non-Aggression Principle” (NAP) prohibits aggression against the persons or property of others, and it is on this basis that the libertarian opposition to redistributive taxation, legal paternalism, and perhaps even the state itself is thought to rest. This paper critically examines the NAP and the extent to which it can provide support for libertarian political theory. (...)
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  13. The Principle of Restraint: Public Reason and the Reform of Public Administration.Gabriele Badano - 2020 - Political Studies 68 (1):110-127.
    Normative political theorists have been growing more and more aware of the many difficult questions raised by the discretionary power inevitably left to public administrators. This article aims to advance a novel normative principle, called ‘principle of restraint’, regulating reform of established administrative agencies. I argue that the ability of public administrators to exercise their power in accordance with the requirements of public reason is protected by an attitude of restraint on the part of potential reformers. Specifically, they (...)
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  14.  55
    Is the All-Subjected Principle Extensionally Adequate?Vuko Andrić - 2020 - Res Publica 27 (3):387-407.
    This paper critiques the All-Subjected Principle. The All-Subjected Principle is one of the most prominent answers to the Boundary Problem, which consists in determining who should be entitled to participate in which democratic decision. The All-Subjected Principle comes in many versions, but the general idea is that all people who are subjected in a relevant sense with regard to a democratic decision should be entitled to participate in that decision. One respect in which versions of the All-Subjected (...)
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  15.  49
    Defending explicability as a principle for the ethics of artificial intelligence in medicine.Jonathan Adams - 2023 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 26 (4):615-623.
    The difficulty of explaining the outputs of artificial intelligence (AI) models and what has led to them is a notorious ethical problem wherever these technologies are applied, including in the medical domain, and one that has no obvious solution. This paper examines the proposal, made by Luciano Floridi and colleagues, to include a new ‘principle of explicability’ alongside the traditional four principles of bioethics that make up the theory of ‘principlism’. It specifically responds to a recent set of criticisms (...)
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  16. Science and the Principle of Sufficient Reason: Du Châtelet contra Wolff.Aaron Wells - 2023 - Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 13 (1):24–53.
    I argue that Émilie Du Châtelet breaks with Christian Wolff regarding the scope and epistemological content of the principle of sufficient reason, despite his influence on her basic ontology and their agreement that the principle of sufficient reason has foundational importance. These differences have decisive consequences for the ways in which Du Châtelet and Wolff conceive of science.
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  17.  57
    The principle of relativity and philosophical absolutism.Florian Znaniecki - 1915 - Philosophical Review 24 (2):150-164.
  18. Why Physicalism Entails Panpsychism1.See Instantiation Principle - 2006 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 13 (10-11):3-31.
  19.  21
    236 Context and Contexts: Parts Meet Whole?Cooperative Principle - 2011 - In Anita Fetzer & Etsuko Oishi, Context and contexts: parts meet whole? Philadelphia: John Benjamins. pp. 209--144.
  20.  11
    Philosophical abstracts.John Principle - 1987 - American Philosophical Quarterly 24 (4).
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  21. The principle of teleology in the critical philosophy of Kant, 1 vol.David R. Major - 1897 - Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 5 (6):8-9.
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  22.  50
    A critique of the principle of ‘respect for autonomy’, grounded in African thought.Kevin G. Behrens - 2018 - Developing World Bioethics 18 (2):126-134.
    I give an account how the principle of ‘respect for autonomy’ dominates the field of bioethics, and how it came to triumph over its competitors, ‘respect for persons’ and ‘respect for free power of choice’. I argue that ‘respect for autonomy’ is unsatisfactory as a basic principle of bioethics because it is grounded in too individualistic a worldview, citing concerns of African theorists and other communitarians who claim that the principle fails to acknowledge the fundamental importance of (...)
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  23. The Principle of Fairness and States’ Duty to Obey International Law.David Lefkowitz - 2011 - Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 24 (2):327-346.
    I employ the principle of fairness to argue that many existing states have a moral duty to obey international law simply in virtue of its status as law. On this voluntarist interpretation of the principle of fairness, agents must accept the benefits of a cooperative scheme in order to acquire an obligation to contribute to that scheme’s operation. I contend that states can accept the benefits international law provides, and that only if they do so do states have (...)
     
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  24. The Robust Volterra Principle.Michael Weisberg & Kenneth Reisman - 2008 - Philosophy of Science 75 (1):106-131.
    Theorizing in ecology and evolution often proceeds via the construction of multiple idealized models. To determine whether a theoretical result actually depends on core features of the models and is not an artifact of simplifying assumptions, theorists have developed the technique of robustness analysis, the examination of multiple models looking for common predictions. A striking example of robustness analysis in ecology is the discovery of the Volterra Principle, which describes the effect of general biocides in predator-prey systems. This paper (...)
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  25. Against the de minimis principle.Björn Lundgren & H. Orri Stefánsson - 2020 - Risk Analysis 40 (5):908-914.
    According to the class of de minimis decision principles, risks can be ignored (or at least treated very differently from other risks) if the risk is sufficiently small. In this article, we argue that a de minimis threshold has no place in a normative theory of decision making, because the application of the principle will either recommend ignoring risks that should not be ignored (e.g., the sure death of a person) or it cannot be used by ordinary bounded and (...)
     
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  26.  30
    The Principle of Identity as the First Theoretical Principle in the Thirteenth-Century Latin West.Marieke Berkers & Wouter Goris - 2021 - Recherches de Theologie Et Philosophie Medievales 88 (2):441-485.
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  27. The principle governing Aristotle's' Metaphysique'and that governing the'Metaphysique'of Descartes.F. Wolff - 1997 - Revue Internationale de Philosophie 51 (201):417-443.
     
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  28.  62
    Principle component analyses of questionnaires measuring individual differences in synaesthetic phenomenology.Hazel P. Anderson & Jamie Ward - 2015 - Consciousness and Cognition 33:316-324.
  29. The Difference Principle at Work.Samuel Arnold - 2012 - Journal of Political Philosophy 20 (1):94-118.
  30. The weak anthropic principle and the design argument.Joseph M. Zycinski - 1996 - Zygon 31 (1):115-130.
    The design argument for God’s existence was critically assessed when in the growth of modern science the cognitive value of teleological categories was called into question. In recent discussions dealing with anthropic principles there has appeared a new version of the design argument, in which cosmic design is described without the use of teleological terms. The weak anthropic principle (WAP), a most critical version of all these principles, describes the fine-tuning of physical parameters necessary to the genesis of carbon-based (...)
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  31.  15
    A New Principle In The Interpretability Logic Of All Reasonable Arithmetical Theories.Evan Goris & Joost Joosten - 2011 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 19 (1):1-17.
    The interpretability logic of a mathematical theory describes the structural behavior of interpretations over that theory. Different theories have different logics. This paper revolves around the question what logic describes the behavior that is present in all theories with a minimum amount of arithmetic; the intersection over all such theories so to say. We denote this target logic by IL.In this paper we present a new principle R in IL. We show that R does not follow from the logic (...)
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  32. The Principle of Autonomy in Kant's Moral Theory: Its Rise and Fall.Pauline Kleingeld - 2017 - In Eric Watkins, Kant on Persons and Agency. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 61-79.
    In this essay, “The Principle of Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Its Rise and Fall,” Pauline Kleingeld notes that Kant’s Principle of Autonomy, which played a central role in both the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals and the Critique of Practical Reason, disappeared by the time of the Metaphysics of Morals. She argues that its disappearance is due to significant changes in Kant’s political philosophy. The Principle of Autonomy states that one ought to act as if (...)
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  33. The Typical Principle.Isaac Wilhelm - forthcoming - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science.
    If a proposition is typically true, given your evidence, then you should believe that proposition; or so I argue here. In particular, in this paper, I propose and defend a principle of rationality---call it the `Typical Principle'---which links rational belief to facts about what is typical. As I show, this principle avoids several problems that other, seemingly similar principles face. And as I show, in many cases, this principle implies the verdicts of the Principal Principle: (...)
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  34.  50
    The principle of the common cause.Miklós Redei, Gabor Hofer-Szabo & Laszlo Szabo - 2013 - Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Miklós Rédei & László E. Szabó.
    The common cause principle says that every correlation is either due to a direct causal effect linking the correlated entities or is brought about by a third factor, a so-called common cause. The principle is of central importance in the philosophy of science, especially in causal explanation, causal modeling and in the foundations of quantum physics. Written for philosophers of science, physicists and statisticians, this book contributes to the debate over the validity of the common cause principle, (...)
  35.  51
    The All Affected Principle, and the weighting of votes.Kim Angell & Robert Huseby - 2020 - Politics, Philosophy and Economics 19 (4):366-381.
    In this article we defend the view that, on the All Affected Principle of voting rights, the weight of a person’s vote on a decision should be determined by and only by the degree to which that dec...
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  36. The Principle of Reason.Martin Heidegger - 1991 - Indiana University Press.
    The Principle of Reason, the text of an important and influential lecture course that Martin Heidegger gave in 1955–56, takes as its focal point Leibniz’s principle: nothing is without reason.
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  37.  69
    Aligning the free-energy principle with Peirce’s logic of science and economy of research.Majid D. Beni & Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen - 2021 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 11 (3):1-21.
    The paper proposes a way to naturalise Charles S. Peirce’s conception of the scientific method, which he specified in terms of abduction, deduction and induction. The focus is on the central issue of the economy of research in abduction and self-correction by error reduction in induction. We show how Peirce’s logic of science receives support from modern breakthroughs in computational neuroscience, and more specifically from Karl Friston’s statements of active inference and the Free Energy Principle, namely the account of (...)
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  38. The Principle of Sufficient Reason: A Reassessment.Alexander Pruss - 2007 - Religious Studies 43 (4):500-503.
     
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  39. Finitude and Hume’s Principle.Richard G. Heck - 1997 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 26 (6):589-617.
    The paper formulates and proves a strengthening of ‘Frege’s Theorem’, which states that axioms for second-order arithmetic are derivable in second-order logic from Hume’s Principle, which itself says that the number of Fs is the same as the number ofGs just in case the Fs and Gs are equinumerous. The improvement consists in restricting this claim to finite concepts, so that nothing is claimed about the circumstances under which infinite concepts have the same number. ‘Finite Hume’s Principle’ also (...)
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  40.  97
    Kant, The Actualist Principle, and The Fate of the Only Possible Proof.Uygar Abaci - 2017 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 55 (2):261-291.
    one important product of kant's pre-critical metaphysics is the proof of God's existence that he presented in The Only Possible Argument of 1763.1 Kant's proof moves from what I will call here the 'actualist principle', every real possibility must be grounded in actuality, to the conclusion that there exists a unique necessary being, i.e. an ens realissimum, which grounds all real possibility. The pre-critical proof deserves interest in its own right, for not only does it have an intriguing logical (...)
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  41. The precautionary principle: Its use within hard and soft law.Rene Von Schomberg - 2012 - European Journal of Risk Regulation 2 (3):147-156.
    The precautionary principle in public decision making concerns situations where following an assessment of the available scientific information, there are reasonable grounds for concern for the possibility of adverse effects on the environment or human health, but scientific uncertainty persists. In such cases provisional risk management measures may be adopted, without having to wait until the reality and seriousness of those adverse effects become fully apparent. This is the definition of the precautionary principle as operationalized under EU law. (...)
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  42. Skepticism and the principle of sufficient reason.Robert C. Koons & Alexander R. Pruss - 2020 - Philosophical Studies 178 (4):1079-1099.
    The Principle of Sufficient Reason must be justified dialectically: by showing the disastrous consequences of denying it. We formulate a version of the Principle that is restricted to basic natural facts, which entails the obtaining of at least one supernatural fact. Denying this principle results in extreme empirical skepticism. We consider six current theories of empirical knowledge, showing that on each account we cannot know that we have empirical knowledge unless we all have a priori knowledge of (...)
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  43.  17
    The Cardinal Squaring Principle and an Alternative Axiomatization of NFU.Tin Adlešić & Vedran Čačić - 2023 - Bulletin of the Section of Logic 52 (4):551-581.
    In this paper, we rigorously prove the existence of type-level ordered pairs in Quine’s New Foundations with atoms, augmented by the axiom of infinity and the axiom of choice (NFU + Inf + AC). The proof uses the cardinal squaring principle; more precisely, its instance for the (infinite) universe (VCSP), which is a theorem of NFU + Inf + AC. Therefore, we have a justification for proposing a new axiomatic extension of NFU, in order to obtain type-level ordered pairs (...)
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  44. Principle or constructive relativity.Mathias Frisch - 2011 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 42 (3):176-183.
    I examine Harvey Brown’s account of relativity as dynamic and constructive theory and Michel Janssen recent criticism of it. By contrasting Einstein’s principle-constructive distinction with a related distinction by Lorentz, I argue that Einstein's distinction presents a false dichotomy. Appealing to Lorentz’s distinction, I argue that there is less of a disagreement between Brown and Janssen than appears initially and, hence, that Brown’s view presents less of a departure from orthodoxy than it may seem. Neither the kinematics-dynamics distinction nor (...)
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  45.  61
    (1 other version)Applying a principle of explicability to AI research in Africa: should we do it?Mary Carman & Benjamin Rosman - 2020 - Ethics and Information Technology 23 (2):107-117.
    Developing and implementing artificial intelligence (AI) systems in an ethical manner faces several challenges specific to the kind of technology at hand, including ensuring that decision-making systems making use of machine learning are just, fair, and intelligible, and are aligned with our human values. Given that values vary across cultures, an additional ethical challenge is to ensure that these AI systems are not developed according to some unquestioned but questionable assumption of universal norms but are in fact compatible with the (...)
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  46. The principle of sufficient reason and necessitarianism.Kris McDaniel - 2019 - Analysis 79 (2):230-236.
    Peter van Inwagen presented a powerful argument against the Principle of Sufficient Reason, which I henceforth abbreviate as ‘PSR’. For decades, the consensus was that this argument successfully refuted PSR. However, now a growing consensus holds that van Inwagen’s argument is fatally flawed, at least when ‘sufficient reason’ is understood in terms of ground, for on this understanding, an ineliminable premiss of van Inwagen’s argument is demonstrably false and cannot be repaired. I will argue that this growing consensus is (...)
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  47.  47
    The harm principle, personal identity and identity-relative paternalism.Dominic Wilkinson - 2023 - Journal of Medical Ethics 49 (6):393-402.
    Is it ethical for doctors or courts to prevent patients from making choices that will cause significant harm to themselves in the future? According to an important liberal principle the only justification for infringing the liberty of an individual is to prevent harm to others; harm to the self does not suffice.In this paper, I explore Derek Parfit’s arguments that blur the sharp line between harm to self and others. I analyse cases of treatment refusal by capacitous patients and (...)
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  48. Permanence as a Principle of Practice.Iulian D. Toader - 2021 - Historia Mathematica 54:77-94.
    The paper discusses Peano's defense and application of permanence of forms as a principle of mathematical practice. (Dedicated to the memory of Mic Detlefsen.).
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  49.  50
    Terrorisms in Palestine, A Principle For Judging Them, Definitions, Killing Innocents.Ted Honderich - unknown
    This is a reply to objections by the distinguished German philosopher Georg Meggle to Honderich's moral defence of Palestinian terrorism. It has to do with (1) the Principle of Humanity, (2) Zionism, Neo Zionism, a Palestinian moral right to terrorism within historic Palestine, (3) Just War theory and the Principle of Humanity, (4) terrorism in general defined as causing fear, (5) terrorism in general defined as the killing of innocents, (6) objections to the Palestinian moral right, (7) the (...)
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  50. Principle of Contradiction.R. Purtill - 1995 - In Robert Audi, The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. New York City: Cambridge University Press. pp. 737.
     
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