Ein Leitmotiv der medizinethischen Auseinandersetzung mit der tiefen Hirnstimulation (THS) ist die Beschäftigung mit Fragen personaler Identität. Da es sich bei personaler Identität auch um ein Problem der theoretischen Philosophie handelt, wird in diesem Aufsatz nicht nur die praktische Frage nach der ethischen Legitimation der THS durch informierte Einwilligung gestellt und ein modifiziertes Legitimationskriterium für wesensändernde THS erarbeitet. Vielmehr wird zunächst versucht, das Problem, um das es in der Debatte um THS und personaler Identität geht, besser zu verstehen.

The apparent situation is a method of establishing nationality where an individual can invoke it if he or she loses proof of his or her belonging to the country that claims to be entitled to his or her nationality. s nationality ", a legal situation in which an individual is unable to prove his or her nationality in order to lose evidence of his or her acquisition of citizenship from official documents or an incidental occurrence that has made the question (...) of his or her nationality doubtful to the State in which he or she lives. (shrink)

Gegenwärtig gibt es eine intensive internationale Diskussion zum Stellenwert der Sedierungsbehandlung am Lebensende. Auch in Deutschland sind der grundsätzliche Status und die medizinethische Bewertung palliativer bzw. terminaler Sedierung noch nicht ausreichend geklärt. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt anhand der Analyse sechs möglicher klinischer Szenarien differenzierte Beispiele für die Situation von Patienten vor einer Sedierungsbehandlung dar. Dazu wird ein Vergleich mit Standardsituationen der Sterbehilfe vorgenommen. Für die moralische Bewertung werden Aktionen und Intentionen der Sedierungsformen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Aufklärung und Autonomie diskutiert. (...) Aus Perspektive einer klinisch orientierten Ethik sind eine differenzierte Entscheidungsanalyse, die Form informierter Zustimmung sowie der Ablauf der Sedierungs- und Ernährungsbehandlung von Bedeutung. Eine kritische Debatte zur moralischen Legitimität der Sedierung am Lebensende ist notwendig für die medizinethische Kultur ärztlicher Praxis. (shrink)

The study aimed to identify the concept of sustainable development, and to explore the role of digital libraries in achieving SDGs, by shedding light on the reality of the SDL in terms of financial, technical and human capabilities to achieve the Kingdom’s 2030 vision for sustainable development. The study revealed that digital libraries play an active role in achieving SDGs through secure and diverse technical infrastructure, and a variety of digital information sources. Digital libraries enhance the level of information awareness (...) among users. Among digital libraries worldwide, SDL is distinguished in terms of knowledge resources acquired, its platforms, and through the large number of beneficiaries of its services, representing all segments of the academic community in Saudi Arabia's higher education institutions. Based on a solid network, and Saudi Arabia vision 2030, SDL succeeded to link higher education institutions through a huge amount of information sources, and facilitated their access, and provided equal opportunities for all. The study recommended that in order to be the national digital platform and effective development partner, SDL must expand the scope of services to include trade and industrial private and public sectors, and raise the level of research awareness and ethics among Arab scholars and researchers. (shrink)

Historically, scientists in training have learned the rules of ethical conduct by the example of their advisors and other senior scientists and by practice. This paper is intended to serve as a guide for the beginning scientist to some fundamental principles of scientific research ethics. The paper focuses less on issues of outright dishonesty or fraud, and more on the positive aspects of ethical scientific behavior; in other words, what a scientist should do to maintain a high level of ethical (...) conduct in research.There are a number of fairly specific rules, guidelines, or commonly accepted operating principles that have evolved for the ethical conduct of science. In order to discuss this code of ethics, this paper is divided into sections dealing with specific areas of scientific ethics. These areas are: data collection and storage, ownership of data, confidentiality, communication, authorship, collaboration, the peer review system, and rules of dealing with ethical complaints. Illustrative case histories are presented to provide examples of the type of ethical dispute or problem being discussed. If scientific trainees learn the accepted rules of behavior that govern the conduct of science, ethical problems that arise out of ignorance, misunderstanding, or poor communication can be avoided. (shrink)

Wolfhart Pannenberg's eschatological ontology has been criticised for undermining the goodness and reality of finite creaturely differentiation. Drawing on David Bentley Hart's recent ontological proposal, this article explores the critique of Pannenberg's ontology, and offers a defence of Pannenberg's depiction of the relationship between difference and totality, especially as it is presented in his 1988 work, Metaphysics and the Idea of God. In this work, Pannenberg articulates a structured relationship between difference and totality in which individual finite particularities are preserved (...) and affirmed within a coherent semantic whole. Creaturely differences are not sublated or eliminated in the eschatological totality, but they are integrated into a harmonious totality of meaning. This view of the semantic function of totality can be further clarified by drawing an analogy between Pannenberg's ontological vision and Robert W. Jenson's model of the eschatological consummation as a narrative conclusion to the drama of finite reality. (shrink)

One significant experience in children's early life is watching cartoons. This activity has a significant impact on a variety of variables, including kids' behavioral and cognitive development. This study focuses on school-age children, namely those in the 4–13 age range. This study focuses on the effects of the Violence-Oriented Cartoons channel on children's entire development, including language, motor, social learning, social cognitive, and moral development. 500 samples from various ages of children’s Group A and Group B were gathered for this (...) investigation. This study aims to investigate the behavioral and emotional effects of exposure to violence-oriented cartoons on children. In particular, it aims to evaluate the effects of this type of social behavior, aggressiveness levels, attention span, emotional reactions, and the desensitization of violence in comparison to nonviolent cartoons. Using a sample of 500 children, 200 were exposed to non-violence-oriented cartoons and 300 were exposed to violence-oriented cartoons. The study used two groups. The study highlights that children who watched violent cartoons showed significantly higher levels of aggression, lower social behavior, shorter attention spans, increased desensitization, and stronger negative emotional responses than children who watched nonviolent cartoons. Study finds the importance of careful consideration of children's media content and suggests the potential benefits of limiting exposure to violent imagery in cartoons. (shrink)

The source of this presentation is the thesis PHILOSOPHICAL INQUIRY AND JEWISH EDUCATION: THE LAWS OF TORAH STUDY OF THE CODE GUIDE Maimonides. The thesis argues that in response to the challenge of transmitting Judaism to the new generations, in a world often hostile to the Jewish worldview, there is a proposal that is halachika vision of Jewish education that is based on the articulation of knowledge of the ways Jewish laws or mandatory (Hebrew: halachot), transformed into concrete actions and (...) behaviors that carry, which is fundamental and structuring a philosophical question about the principles that underlie and its applications in other cases and situations. (shrink)

Social media-related nutritional decisions influencers and commercial postings on social media have a significant impact on people's eating habits, purchasing decisions, and decisions about food in general. It also shapes people's dietary practices and overall nutrition. Investigating dietary habits through social media can be disadvantageous to the potential for biased or inaccurate information, as sensational content can lead to unreliable nutritional advice. The 160 participants' nutritional choices using social media influence data are collected, and random questionnaires are collected. There are (...) some factors depicted in this study that are social media engagement, perceived credibility of nutrition information, influence of social media on food choices, and change in eating habits. The study utilized SPSS-29 for statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, multivariate regression, correlation analysis, and Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used to determine statistical significance. Social media use and food choices are found to be significantly correlated, with more credibility impacting consumption patterns. The most important effect of social media on eating decisions is revealed by multivariate regression. The study interaction with social media significantly influences dietary decisions, affecting credibility perceptions and highlighting the need for rigorous assessment of online nutritional information, as influence often leads to dietary modifications. (shrink)

The rapid spread and development of artificial intelligence technologies has raised important questions that have an impact on laws and regulations related to intellectual property. In light of this, the research aims to explore the impact of artificial intelligence on intellectual property laws and regulations, and to examine the legal implications of the innovations generated by artificial intelligence on authorship, invention, ownership, infringement, and enforcement of intellectual property laws. In light of the great concerns about its impact on intellectual property (...) laws and regulations and the uncertainty and ambiguity in the application of intellectual property laws, the researcher considered it a problem of the study as it leads to potential risks and challenges for creators, inventors, and intellectual property rights holders. The research followed the comparative approach to provide a view of the different approaches regarding this topic, and to help shed light on the main difficulties faced in applying the law in such an evolving context. The study reached many conclusions, but the most important of them is that artificial intelligence threatens office jobs due to its ability to generate high-quality content quickly and at a low cost, and intellectual property laws will continue to be breached, which necessitates the need for the law to adapt to establish rules of conduct and limits of human work, and recommends engaging in an international dialogue to unify laws and manage disputes related to intellectual property across borders. (shrink)

_In today's hyperconnected world, global supply chains underpin international trade and economic prosperity. However, these complex networks are inherently vulnerable to disruptions, exposing businesses and societies to significant risks. This article delves into the concept of global supply chain resilience, exploring its importance, key principles, and practical risk management strategies. Drawing upon diverse perspectives from social sciences, it analyzes the economic, political, and environmental factors that contribute to supply chain fragility, highlighting the need for multi-faceted approaches to building resilience._.

Agricultural engineers’ jobs are especially related to sustainability and earth life issues. They usually work with plants or animals, and the aim of their work is often linked to producing food to allow people to improve their quality of life. Taking into account this dual function, the moral requirements of their day-to-day professional practice are arguably greater than those of other professions.Agricultural engineers can develop their ability to live up to this professional responsibility by receiving ethical training during their university (...) studies, not only by taking courses specifically devoted to ethics, but also by having to deal with moral questions that are integrated into their technical courses through a program of Ethics Across the Curriculum (EAC).The authors feel that a suitable pedagogical technique for achieving this goal is the use of moral dilemmas, following Kohlberg’s theory of levels of morality (1981), with the final objective of attaining a post-conventional level. This paper examines the possibilities and limitations of using moral dilemmas as a pedagogical technique for training agricultural engineers. The cases, discussions, and evaluation used in the Agricultural Engineering Department of the Technical University of Valencia (Spain) are also presented. (shrink)

The aim of this study was to highlight the analysis and the interpretations of the Muslim scholars over the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, emphasizing the relationship between the Christianity and Islam over this concept. The study adopted a comparative and phenomenological approach to study the doctrine of Trinity as it required a comparison of the Christian ideology with the Islamic. The use of the inductive method further helped n collecting and examining scientific material from its sources and analyzing them (...) in the light of the religious texts like the Bible, the Quran and the Sunnah. The study constantly referred to the Quran, and the Sunnah to build the foundation for all criticism of this doctrine. The study revealed that the views and opinions of the Muslim scholars aimed primarily to clarify the doctrine of the Trinity. They unanimously refuted this doctrine of Trinity as having neither any monotheistic meaning nor any authenticity in religious terms. The study concludes that neither the Quran nor the Bible allowed doctrines such as the Trinity to be practiced and believed in. All the Muslim scholars selected for this study denied and exposed the falsehood of the doctrine of Trinity and refuted it logically, calling on people to abandon and cease believing in it. These findings clarified that Jesus was a human prophet sent by Allah and ascribing him the status of a god is against the monotheistic belief of both Islam and Christianity. (shrink)

Strategic management is now essential in the ever-changing digital media ecosystem to fully use creative content ideas. Focussing on how strategic management has driven innovation, this research study traces the development of content strategies in the digital media business. Successful content production methods are identified by analysing significant trends, technology, and business models in the research. Content creation and delivery have been revolutionised by digital platforms, data analytics, and audience interaction strategies. This study delves into these changes. In order to (...) provide light on best practices and new initiatives, it also analyses case studies of prominent digital media firms. According to the results, companies that want to stay competitive and successfully engage audiences in the digital age need to have a proactive and adaptable strategy management approach. Policymakers, academics, and professionals in the digital media sector may all benefit from this study's findings by better comprehending the factors that drive content creation and strategic management. (shrink)

Pilgrimage and tourism can be related to each other, especially religious tourism. It can be said that pilgrimage is considered an early form of religious tourism due to the fact that these two share similar aspects. The relationship of pilgrimage and tourism with the emphasis on the case of stūpa worship is illustrated in this paper. Stūpa worship is regarded to be an early form of both the pilgrimage and tourism of Tai. The ‘Tai’ in this context refers to those (...) who share Lanna cultural features such as Tai Lanna, Tai Lue, Tai Yai, Tai Khuen, and Laos. (shrink)

Yoga, together with other so-called holistic spiritual practices such as reiki or meditation, is one of the most popular spiritual disciplines in our contemporary society. The success of yoga crosses the boundaries between health, sport, religion, and popular culture. However, from a sociological point of view, this is a largely under-researched field. Aiming to fill this gap, this article analyzes the impact, meaning, and implications of the practice of yoga by taking prisons as the institutional context of the study. The (...) growth of yoga in penitentiary settings is a recent trend in many countries and raises new questions concerning its potential to foster well-being and self-transformation. The research presented here applies Schutz’s concepts of “finite province of meaning” and “stock of knowledge” to understand yoga’s role in inmates’ lives. The main argument of the article is that yoga is a body technique that affords inmates the possibility to enter into a “finite province of meaning” and transcend their everyday prison lives. However, the impact of yoga upon inmates’ lives is not limited just to its physical effects as learning yoga also involves the acquisition of a “spiritual stock of knowledge” made up of Eastern philosophy, holistic concepts, and self-help therapeutic narratives. Indeed, physical movements and spiritual accounts constitute one another in the practice of yoga, thus opening up a pathway into a different reality; movement and spiritual discourse inform one another—and it is precisely in this reflexivity that “transcendent experiences” are created and yoga is made meaningful and important in the improvement-setting of the prison. This article is based on ethnographic fieldwork developed carried out in two different penitentiary institutions. (shrink)

The similarity of documents in a large database of published Fractals articles was examined for redundancy. Three different text matching techniques were used on publisheds to identify redundancy candidates, and predictions were verified by reading full text versions of the redundancy candidate articles. A small fraction of the total articles in the database was judged to be redundant. This was viewed as a lower limit, because it excluded cases where the concepts remained the same, but the text was altered substantially.Far (...) more pervasive than redundant publications were publications that did not violate the letter of redundancy but rather violated the spirit of redundancy. There appeared to be widespread publication maximization strategies. Studies that resulted in one comprehensive paper decades ago now result in multiple papers that focus on one major problem, but are differentiated by parameter ranges, or other stratifying variables. This ‘paper inflation’ is due in large part to the increasing use of metrics (publications, patents, citations, etc) to evaluate research performance, and the researchers’ motivation to maximize the metrics. (shrink)

Die jüngste höchstrichterliche Rechtsprechung zur Selbstbestimmung der Patienten und zur Normierung medizinischer Handlungen am Lebensende hat eine intensive Debatte ausgelöst. Das Urteil und die akademisch vorgetragene Kritik werden einer grundlegenden medizinethischen Analyse unterworfen. Sie betrifft die objektive Eingrenzung der Zulässigkeit einer Behandlungsbegrenzung und die Subsumtion des Wachkomas als irreversibel tödliches Grundleiden, das ärztliche Ermessen bei der Indikationsstellung, die normative Einordnung einer Ernährungstherapie am Lebensende und die Verbindlichkeit von Patientenverfügungen. Die medizinethische Kritik offenbart eine unzureichende Wahrnehmung medizinischer und medizinethischer professioneller Dokumente (...) und den Rückgriff auf medizinethisch veraltete Konzeptionen der Sterbehilfe durch das Gericht. Die Folge ist eine fehlerhafte Subsumtion der Wachkomapatienten in die Kategorie irreversibel tödlicher Erkrankungen und eine inhaltliche Schwächung der Verbindlichkeit von Patientenverfügungen. Beides bedarf dringend der Korrektur. (shrink)

The origins of research projects, the duties of supervisors and research workers, the subjective elements in research and the difficulties of publication are reviewed, as a guide to the complexities of executing an honest research project. It is assumed that research carried out with maximal intellectual integrity will result in real advances.

The author relates conditions for conducting clinical trials in Russia, current experiences of ethics committees, areas where conflicts of interest can occur regarding publishing the results of clinical trials in medical journals and the state of medical journalism in Russia today.

Purpose: The main purpose of the study is to generate an idea about the validity of data-driven predictive analytics related to sustainable banking investment portfolio development. Methodology: Depending on the positivism philosophy, the researcher has focused on generating a hypothesis that can be evaluative and generate an outcome related to the topic under discussion. The descriptive design of the study has helped the researcher develop an idea about the different perspectives related to sustainable investment and ESG goals. The primary quantitative (...) data analysis is conducted by purposefully generating a sample of 101 participants, coming from the managerial level dignitaries from 10 leading banking sectors of the European continental financial market. Results: Analysing the opinions given by the respondents by IBM SPSS software, the results of the study. The results show that most of the male participants have shown their interest in participating in the survey which indicates the career growth of male bankers to be higher than the female ones. The most participating age group is found to be the people belonging to the age group of 21 to 35. The mean value of the correlation coefficient is found to be 0.921 and the mean value of the coefficient of determination is found to be 0.848. On the other hand, the regressive degree of freedom is found to be 11 which indicates the linear relationship present within different variables that are considered generally by the respondents. Conclusion: The interdependence of the variables clearly shows that the market trend regarding the future of the sustainable investment sector present within the banking field can be developed based on predictive analytics inclusion within the level of investment that is focused on meeting the ESG goals for improving sustainability. These factors act as the main motivators for the cross-departmental teams that act simultaneously for performing other tasks along with maintenance of predictive modelling of real-time data to evaluate the future of the banking investment sector. (shrink)

(1983). The evolving policy of equal curricular opportunity in England: A case study of the implementation of sex equality in physical education. British Journal of Educational Studies: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 229-251.

Demographischer Wandel und medizinischer Fortschritt haben zur Folge, dass immer mehr Patienten außerstande sind, selbstbestimmt über eine medizinische Behandlung zu entscheiden. Dann sind andere gefordert, unter Berücksichtigung von Wohl und Willen des Patienten stellvertretend zu entscheiden. Dabei bieten sich drei Entscheidungskriterien an: Paternalismus, substitutive Autonomie (mutmaßlicher Wille) und prospektive Autonomie (vorausverfügter Wille). Keines dieser Kriterien garantiert für sich genommen eine optimale Entscheidung. Realistisch ist nur ein integratives Modell, das diese Kriterien pragmatisch verbindet. Je klarer im Einzelfall die Evidenz für den (...) autonomen Patientenwillen ist, desto mehr Gewicht sollte ihm eingeräumt werden. Dabei lassen sich konkrete Schritte benennen, wie die Evidenz für eine autonome Willensbekundung beurteilt werden kann. Obgleich stellvertretende Entscheidungen in der medizinischen Praxis oft von Ärzten, professionellen Betreuern und Richtern getroffen werden, gibt es überzeugende Gründe für die These, dass der nächste Angehörige am besten geeignet ist, prima facie als stellvertretender Entscheidungsträger zu fungieren. (shrink)

Modern (western) healthcare with its many remarkable innovations has failed to prevent either the pandemic of life style-related diseases now accounting for over 2/3rd of illness and healthcare cost globally, or cure them. Most are preventable and reversible with a change in lifestyle. Since less than 3% of western healthcare budgets are spent on health promotion and disease prevention this is unlikely to change. What little health promotion there is focuses on diet and exercise with the mind neglected except recently (...) in the treatment of depression (1). (shrink)

O objetivo desse artigo é realizar uma revisitação, ou seja, uma tentativa de construir um diálogo entre o princípio da sacralidade da vida e o aborto. São apresen-tados quatro motivos para realizar esse diálogo. O primeiro é o fato de constante-mente o cristianismo e especialmente a Igreja Católica ser acusada de ter criado o princípio da sacralidade da vida. O segundo é o fato de que fundações multibilionárias planejam impor o aborto ao mundo até o ano de 2025. O terceiro (...) é que em muitos países o aborto foi legalizado por meio de medida judicial. O quarto é o fato de o Estado possuir uma taxa de nascimentos ideal. Após essa apresentação, são cons-truídas três reflexões sobre o tema. A primeira é que o princípio da sacralidade da vida não é uma construção ou invenção da Igreja Católica. A segunda é a dimensão da dignidade humana dentro das atuais pré-ocupações do Estado. A terceira é a crise do indivíduo. Por fim, afirma-se que a vida continua sendo um mistério para o ser humano. E este mistério carrega, em seu ventre, grande parcela do sagrado. A atual ideologia que propaga o aborto, como forma terapêutica do homem resolver seus problemas, não passa de pura alienação que nega a sacralidade da vida e, em seu lugar, deixa apenas um homem descarnado de sua própria dignidade. (shrink)

Der Krankheitsbegriff soll aus der Perspektive der klinischen Medizin am Beispiel der Radioonkologie dargestellt werden. Als theoretisches Modell zum ganzheitlichen Verständnis wird zunächst der interaktive Dualismus eingeführt. Danach wird die Interaktion zwischen Geist und Körper als wesentlich angesehen, um den Patienten mit Würde und Mitgefühl zu behandeln. Auch die Strahlentherapie erfordert nach ihrem Selbstverständnis einen ganzheitlichen Zugang zum Patienten. Demgegenüber zeigt die Analyse der aktuellen radioonkologischen Literatur einen reduktionistischen Krankheitsbegriff, der in erster Linie objektive Kriterien aus ärztlicher Sicht zur Definition (...) von Krankheit heranzieht. Im Dialog könnten stattdessen Arzt und Patient einen gemeinsamen Krankheitsbegriff entwickeln; hierbei finden im Sinne des interaktiven Dualismus gleichermaßen objektive ärztliche wie subjektive patientenbezogene Kriterien Berücksichtigung. Grenzen dieses neuen Konzepts erfordern eine besondere Beachtung und werden zuletzt erläutert. (shrink)

_ This scholarly article explores the intricate dynamics of post-colonial politics, emphasizing the enduring legacies and continuous challenges faced by nations emerging from colonial rule. Analyzing the impact of historical colonization on contemporary political landscapes, the paper aims to shed light on the persisting influences, patterns, and complexities that shape post-colonial political structures. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the article engages with historical, sociological, and political perspectives to offer a comprehensive understanding of post-colonial politics._.

The ability to reason independently from one's own goals or beliefs has long been recognised as a key characteristic of the development of formal operational thought. In this article we present the results of a study that examined the correlates of this ability in a group of 10-year-old children ( N = 61). Participants were presented with conditional and relational reasoning items, where the content was manipulated such that the conclusion to the arguments were either congruent, neutral, or incongruent with (...) beliefs, and either logically valid or logically invalid. Participants also received a measure of working memory capacity (the counting span task) and a measure of inhibitory control (the stop signal task). Indices of belief bias and logical reasoning on belief-based problems were predicted independently by both measures. In contrast logical reasoning on belief neutral problems was predicted by working memory alone. The findings suggest that executive functions play a key role in the development of children's ability to decontextualise their thinking. (shrink)