Results for 'Donchin Emanuel'

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  1. Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating?Emanuel Donchin & Michael G. H. Coles - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (3):357.
    To understand the endogenous components of the event-related brain potential (ERP), we must use data about the components' antecedent conditions to form hypotheses about the information-processing function of the underlying brain activity. These hypotheses, in turn, generate testable predictions about the consequences of the component. We review the application of this approach to the analysis of the P300 component. The amplitude of the P300 is controlled multiplicatively by the subjective probability and the task relevance of the eliciting events, whereas its (...)
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  2.  47
    Behavior cognition and event-related brain potentials.Emanuel Donchin & Michael G. H. Coles - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):735-739.
  3.  32
    Processes and strategies in mental chronometry.Emanuel Donchin - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):259-260.
  4.  55
    Context updating and the p300.Emanuel Donchin & Michael G. H. Coles - 1998 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (1):152-154.
    We concur with Sommer et al. that the processing manifested by P300 is not necessarily conscious. We also note that Verleger is yet again adducing evidence that contradicts an assertion we never made.
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  5.  32
    On the conceptual foundations of cognitive psychophysiology.Emanuel Donchin & Michael G. H. Coles - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (3):408.
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  6.  41
    The constraints of academic politics are not violations of academic freedom.Donchin Emanuel - 2006 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29 (6):573.
    Tenure is designed to protect the academic freedom of faculty members by insulating them from arbitrary dismissal by administrative authorities external to their community of scholars. Therefore, the target article's focus on constraints that derive from peer pressures and academic politics is misplaced, rendering the results of the survey irrelevant to the issue of the value of tenure. (Published Online February 8 2007).
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  7. The quality of informed consent: mapping the landscape. A review of empirical data from developing and developed countries.Amulya Mandava, Christine Pace, Benjamin Campbell, Ezekiel Emanuel & Christine Grady - 2012 - Journal of Medical Ethics 38 (6):356-365.
    Objective Some researchers claim that the quality of informed consent of clinical research participants in developing countries is worse than in developed countries. To evaluate this assumption, we reviewed the available data on the quality of consent in both settings. Methods We conducted a comprehensive PubMed search, examined bibliographies and literature reviews, and consulted with international experts on informed consent in order to identify studies published from 1966 to 2010 that used quantitative methods, surveyed participants or parents of paediatric participants (...)
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  8.  93
    Social Choice Should Guide AI Alignment in Dealing with Diverse Human Feedback.Vincent Conitzer, Rachel Freedman, Jobst Heitzig, Wesley H. Holliday, Bob M. Jacobs, Nathan Lambert, Milan Mosse, Eric Pacuit, Stuart Russell, Hailey Schoelkopf, Emanuel Tewolde & William S. Zwicker - forthcoming - Proceedings of the Forty-First International Conference on Machine Learning.
    Foundation models such as GPT-4 are fine-tuned to avoid unsafe or otherwise problematic behavior, such as helping to commit crimes or producing racist text. One approach to fine-tuning, called reinforcement learning from human feedback, learns from humans' expressed preferences over multiple outputs. Another approach is constitutional AI, in which the input from humans is a list of high-level principles. But how do we deal with potentially diverging input from humans? How can we aggregate the input into consistent data about "collective" (...)
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  9.  21
    Just Health Care.Anne Donchin - 1989 - Noûs 23 (5):697-699.
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  10.  43
    Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries from "Reasonable Availability" to "Fair Benefits".Maged El Setouhy, Tsiri Agbenyega, Francis Anto, Christine Alexandra Clerk, Kwadwo A. Koram, Michael English, Rashid Juma, Catherine Molyneux, Norbert Peshu, Newton Kumwenda, Joseph Mfutso-Bengu, Malcolm Molyneux, Terrie Taylor, Doumbia Aissata Diarra, Saibou Maiga, Mamadou Sylla, Dione Youssouf, Catherine Olufunke Falade, Segun Gbadegesin, Reidar Lie, Ferdinand Mugusi, David Ngassapa, Julius Ecuru, Ambrose Talisuna, Ezekiel Emanuel, Christine Grady, Elizabeth Higgs, Christopher Plowe, Jeremy Sugarman & David Wendler - 2004 - Hastings Center Report 34 (3):17.
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  11.  92
    Fairly Prioritizing Groups for Access to COVID-19 Vaccines.Govind Persad, Monica E. Peek & Ezekiel J. Emanuel - 2020 - JAMA 1 (16).
    Initial vaccine allocations for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) will be limited. It is crucial to assess the ethical values associated with different methods of allocation, as well as important scientific and practical questions. This Viewpoint identifies three ethical values, benefiting people and limiting harm; prioritizing disadvantaged populations; and equal concern for all. It then explains why these values support prioritizing three groups: health care workers; other essential workers and people in high-transmission settings; and people with medical vulnerabilities associated with (...)
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  12. (1 other version)To lie or to mislead?Felix Https://Orcidorg Timmermann & Emanuel Https://Orcidorg Viebahn - 2020 - Philosophical Studies 178 (5):1481-1501.
    The aim of this paper is to argue that lying differs from mere misleading in a way that can be morally relevant: liars commit themselves to something they believe to be false, while misleaders avoid such commitment, and this difference can make a moral difference. Even holding all else fixed, a lie can therefore be morally worse than a corresponding misleading utterance. But, we argue, there are also cases in which the difference in commitment makes lying morally better than misleading, (...)
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  13. The importance of getting the ethics right in a pandemic treaty.G. Owen Schaefer, Caesar A. Atuire, Sharon Kaur, Michael Parker, Govind Persad, Maxwell J. Smith, Ross Upshur & Ezekiel Emanuel - 2023 - The Lancet Infectious Diseases 23 (11):e489 - e496.
    The COVID-19 pandemic revealed numerous weaknesses in pandemic preparedness and response, including underfunding, inadequate surveillance, and inequitable distribution of countermeasures. To overcome these weaknesses for future pandemics, WHO released a zero draft of a pandemic treaty in February, 2023, and subsequently a revised bureau's text in May, 2023. COVID-19 made clear that pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response reflect choices and value judgements. These decisions are therefore not a purely scientific or technical exercise, but are fundamentally grounded in ethics. The latest (...)
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  14. Standing by our principles: Meaningful guidance, moral foundations, and multi-principle methodology in medical scarcity.Govind C. Persad, Alan Wertheimer & Ezekiel J. Emanuel - 2010 - American Journal of Bioethics 10 (4):46 – 48.
    In this short response to Kerstein and Bognar, we clarify three aspects of the complete lives system, which we propose as a system of allocating scarce medical interventions. We argue that the complete lives system provides meaningful guidance even though it does not provide an algorithm. We also defend the investment modification to the complete lives system, which prioritizes adolescents and older children over younger children; argue that sickest-first allocation remains flawed when scarcity is absolute and ongoing; and argue that (...)
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  15.  68
    Reworking Autonomy: Toward a Feminist Perspective.Anne Donchin - 1995 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 4 (1):44.
    The principled approach to theory building that has been a conspicuous mark of bioethical theory for the past generation has in recent years fallen under considerable critical scrutiny. Although some critics have confined themselves to reordering the dominant principles, others have rejected a principled approach entirely and turned to alternative paradigms. Prominent among critics are antiprin-ciplists, who want to jettison the principle-based approach altogether and adopt a casuistic model, and communitarians, who favor an eclectic model combining features of both the (...)
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  16. Fair domestic allocation of monkeypox virus countermeasures.Govind Persad, R. J. Leland, Trygve Ottersen, Henry S. Richardson, Carla Saenz, G. Owen Schaefer & Ezekiel J. Emanuel - 2023 - Lancet Public Health 8 (5):e378–e382.
    Countermeasures for mpox (formerly known as monkeypox), primarily vaccines, have been in limited supply in many countries during outbreaks. Equitable allocation of scarce resources during public health emergencies is a complex challenge. Identifying the objectives and core values for the allocation of mpox countermeasures, using those values to provide guidance for priority groups and prioritisation tiers, and optimising allocation implementation are important. The fundamental values for the allocation of mpox countermeasures are: preventing death and illness; reducing the association between death (...)
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  17. The Educational Implication of Heideggerian Authenticity.Michael Dwyer, Luise Prior & Emanuel Shargel - 1988 - Philosophy of Education 198:140-149.
     
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  18.  19
    "Shaʿarei Talmon": Studies in the Bible, Qumran, and the Ancient Near East Presented to Shemaryahu Talmon"Shaarei Talmon": Studies in the Bible, Qumran, and the Ancient Near East Presented to Shemaryahu Talmon.M. P. Maidman, Michael Fishbane & Emanuel Tov - 1995 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 115 (1):171.
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  19. Should Pediatric Patients Be Prioritized When Rationing Life-Saving Treatments During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Ryan M. Antiel, Farr A. Curlin, Govind Persad, Douglas B. White, Cathy Zhang, Aaron Glickman, Ezekiel J. Emanuel & John Lantos - 2020 - Pediatrics 146 (3):e2020012542.
    Coronavirus disease 2019 can lead to respiratory failure. Some patients require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. During the current pandemic, health care resources in some cities have been overwhelmed, and doctors have faced complex decisions about resource allocation. We present a case in which a pediatric hospital caring for both children and adults seeks to establish guidelines for the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation if there are not enough resources to treat every patient. Experts in critical care, end-of-life care, bioethics, and (...)
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  20.  15
    Goodness of visual regularities: A nontransformational approach.Peter A. van der Helm & Emanuel L. J. Leeuwenberg - 1996 - Psychological Review 103 (3):429-456.
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  21.  25
    The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Service Sector Sustainability and Growth.Shihui Xiang, Saad Rasool, Yong Hang, Kamran Javid, Tasawar Javed & Alin Emanuel Artene - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Coronavirus disease is having an unprecedented and unpredictable impact on the world's economy. The pandemic has driven the world toward adapting to the current circumstances regardless of the business, sector, or industry. The coronavirus epidemic has affected the global economy and service sector. The purpose of the current study is to assess the effect of COVID-19 on service sector growth and sustainability. Global sectors and industries are trying to anchor themselves amidst the pandemic. The study focuses on the sectors that (...)
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  22.  22
    Making Vaccines Available to Other Countries Before Offering Domestic Booster Vaccinations.G. Owen Schaefer, Rj Leland & Ezekiel Emanuel - 2021 - JAMA 326 (10):903–904.
  23.  48
    Informed Consent: Practices and Views of Investigators in a Multinational Clinical Trial.Lindsay Sabik, Christine A. Pace, Heidi P. Forster-Gertner, David Wendler, Judith D. Bebchuk, Jorge A. Tavel, Laura A. McNay, Jack Killen, Ezekiel J. Emanuel & Christine Grady - 2004 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 27 (5):13-18.
  24.  36
    Creativity on tap? Effects of alcohol intoxication on creative cognition.Mathias Benedek, Lisa Panzierer, Emanuel Jauk & Aljoscha C. Neubauer - 2017 - Consciousness and Cognition 56 (C):128-134.
  25.  31
    Gestión y liderazgos en los emprendimientos sociales: el caso del sector no lucrativo chileno.Mario H. Radrigán R., Ana María Dávila R. & Francesco Emanuel Penaglia Vasquez - 2012 - Polis: Revista Latinoamericana 32.
    Las organizaciones sin fines de lucro han sufrido grandes cambios. Dejó de ser un sector empobrecido, donde se recibían como donaciones aquel dinero que les sobraba a los grandes empresarios, y donde sólo tenían cabida las personas voluntarias. Hoy en día es un sector marcado por el trabajo de personas profesionales y por ser organizaciones capaces de llenar los espacios que ha dejado el Estado sin atender. Además de ser organizaciones inteligentes, con estructuras flexibles, que les permiten responder de manera (...)
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  26.  9
    A better approach to goodness: Reply to Wagemans (1999).Peter A. van der Helm & Emanuel L. J. Leeuwenberg - 1999 - Psychological Review 106 (3):622-630.
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  27.  42
    Remarks on the occasion of FAB’s twentieth anniversary, June 25, 2012.Anne Donchin - 2014 - International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics 7 (1):204-206.
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  28.  31
    The Impact of Corporate Welfare Policy on Firm-Level Productivity: Evidence from Unemployment Insurance.Masako Darrough, Heedong Kim & Emanuel Zur - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 159 (3):795-815.
    We study how changes in unemployment risk affect firms’ productivity and whether firm-initiated policies can mitigate the moral hazard problem created by increases in unemployment insurance benefits that might decrease workers’ incentives to work hard. We focus on state-specific changes in UIB levels as a quasi-natural experiment. While a large body of research has examined UIBs, including their effect on unemployed workers, few studies investigate whether UIBs have any impact on a firm’s overall productivity. Using data on firm-level total factor (...)
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  29. A responsabilidade civil pelo abuso do direito à liberdade de expressão em conflito com os direitos da personalidade: Uma análise do Caso Das biografias não autorizaDas.Elizângela Isidoro da Silva & Renan Emanuel Alves Pinto - 2015 - Revista Fides 6 (2).
    A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL PELO ABUSO DO DIREITO À LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO EM CONFLITO COM OS DIREITOS DA PERSONALIDADE: UMA ANÁLISE DO CASO DAS BIOGRAFIAS NÃO AUTORIZADAS.
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  30. US public attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccine mandates.Emily Largent, Persad A., Sangenito Govind, Glickman Samantha, Boyle Aaron, Emanuel Connor & J. Ezekiel - 2020 - JAMA Netw. Open 3 (12):e2033324.
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  31.  29
    Academic and Private Partnership to Improve Informed Consent Forms Using a Data Driven Approach.Craig Tendler, Patricia S. Hong, Conor Kane, Christa Kopaczynski, William Terry & Ezekiel J. Emanuel - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (4):8-10.
    Informed consent documents are central to the informed consent process and are required for participation in clinical trials in the U.S. The primary purpose of the document is “to assist a prospect...
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  32.  45
    Normal Visual Acuity and Electrophysiological Contrast Gain in Adults with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder.Ludger Tebartz van Elst, Michael Bach, Julia Blessing, Andreas Riedel & Emanuel Bubl - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
  33.  16
    Holographic Goodness Is Not That Bad: Reply to Olivers, Chater, and Watson (2004).Peter A. van der Helm & Emanuel L. J. Leeuwenberg - 2004 - Psychological Review 111 (1):261-273.
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  34. Autocomposição de conflitos: Da cultura de litigância à solução consensual.Joatan da Silva Vaz & Renan Emanuel Alves Pinto - 2016 - Revista Fides 7 (1).
    AUTOCOMPOSIÇÃO DE CONFLITOS: DA CULTURA DE LITIGÂNCIA À SOLUÇÃO CONSENSUAL.
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  35.  62
    The Growing Feminist Debate over the New Reproductive Technologies.Anne Donchin - 1989 - Hypatia 4 (3):136-149.
    A critical review of four recent works that reflect current conflicts and tensions among feminists regarding new reproductive technologies: In Search of Parenthood by Judith Lasker and Susan Borg; Ethics and Human Reproduction by Christine Overall; Made to Order, Patricia Spallone and Deborah Steinberg, eds. and Reproductive Technologies: Gender, Motherhood and Medicine, Michelle Stanworth, ed. Their positions are evaluated against the background of growing feminist dialogue about the future of reproduction and the bearing of reproductive innovations on such related issues (...)
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  36. Inside the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: For a Decentralized Approach. Interview of James Brusseau by Marco Emanuele.James Brusseau & Marco Emanuele - 2021 - The Science of Where.
    Interview by Marco Emanuele of James Brusseau. October 27, 2021, The Science of Where. Topics include: AI ethics, Accelerationism, Decentralization.
     
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  37. Communitarian international relations: the epistemic foundations of international relations.Emanuel Adler - 2005 - New York: Routledge.
    In Emanuel Adler's distinctive constructivist approach to international relations theory, international practices evolve in tandem with collective knowledge of the material and social worlds. This book - comprising a selection of his journal publications, a new introduction and three previously unpublished articles - points IR constructivism in a novel direction, characterized as 'communitarian'. Adler's synthesis does not herald the end of the nation-state; nor does it suggest that agency is unimportant in international life. Rather, it argues that what mediates (...)
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  38. Lying with Presuppositions.Emanuel Viebahn - 2020 - Noûs 54 (3):731-751.
    It is widely held that all lies are assertions: the traditional definition of lying entails that, in order to lie, speakers have to assert something they believe to be false. It is also widely held that assertion contrasts with presupposition and, in particular, that one cannot assert something by presupposing it. Together, these views imply that speakers cannot lie with presuppositions—a view that Andreas Stokke has recently explicitly defended. The aim of this paper is to argue that speakers can lie (...)
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  39. Understanding autonomy relationally: Toward a reconfiguration of bioethical principles.Anne Donchin - 2001 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 26 (4):365 – 386.
    Principle-based formulations of bioethical theory have recently come under increasing scrutiny, particularly insofar as they give prominence to personal autonomy. This essay critiques the dominant conceptualization of autonomy and urges an alternative formulation freed from the individualistic assumptions that pervade the prevailing framework. Drawing on feminist perspectives, I discuss the need for a vision of patient autonomy that joins relational experiences to individuality and acknowledges the influence of patterns of power and authority on the exercise of patient agency. Deficiencies in (...)
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  40. The Lying-Misleading Distinction: A Commitment-Based Approach.Emanuel Viebahn - 2021 - Journal of Philosophy 118 (6):289-319.
    The distinction between lying and mere misleading is commonly tied to the distinction between saying and conversationally implicating. Many definitions of lying are based on the idea that liars say something they believe to be false, while misleaders put forward a believed-false conversational implicature. The aim of this paper is to motivate, spell out, and defend an alternative approach, on which lying and misleading differ in terms of commitment: liars, but not misleaders, commit themselves to something they believe to be (...)
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  41.  16
    Sobre los orígenes y actualidad del estado / Emanuele Amodio, Miguel Ángel Latouche.Emanuele Amodio & Miguel Ángel Latouche (eds.) - 2009 - Caracas: Fundación Manuel García-Pelayo.
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  42. Principles of Biomedical Ethics.Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Tom L. Beauchamp & James F. Childress - 1995 - Hastings Center Report 25 (4):37.
    Book reviewed in this article: Principles of Biomedical Ethics. By Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress.
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  43. Linda L. Emanuel and Ezekiel J. Emanuel.Ezekiel J. Emanuel - forthcoming - Contemporary Issues in Bioethics.
  44. 10. Uma Narayan, Dislocating Cultures: Identities, Traditions, and Third World Feminism Uma Narayan, Dislocating Cultures: Identities, Traditions, and Third World Feminism (pp. 668-671). [REVIEW]Judith Jarvis Thomson, Dan W. Brock, Paul J. Weithman, Gerald Dworkin, F. M. Kamm, J. David Velleman & Ezekiel J. Emanuel - 1999 - Ethics 109 (3).
  45. Opening up Closings.Emanuel A. Schegloff & Harvey Sacks - 1973 - Semiotica 8 (4).
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  46. Fair Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19.Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Govind Persad, Ross Upshur, Beatriz Thome, Michael Parker, Aaron Glickman, Cathy Zhang & Connor Boyle - 2020 - New England Journal of Medicine 45:10.1056/NEJMsb2005114.
    Four ethical values — maximizing benefits, treating equally, promoting and rewarding instrumental value, and giving priority to the worst off — yield six specific recommendations for allocating medical resources in the Covid-19 pandemic: maximize benefits; prioritize health workers; do not allocate on a first-come, first-served basis; be responsive to evidence; recognize research participation; and apply the same principles to all Covid-19 and non–Covid-19 patients.
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  47. An ethical framework for global vaccine allocation.Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Govind Persad, Adam Kern, Allen E. Buchanan, Cecile Fabre, Daniel Halliday, Joseph Heath, Lisa M. Herzog, R. J. Leland, Ephrem T. Lemango, Florencia Luna, Matthew McCoy, Ole F. Norheim, Trygve Ottersen, G. Owen Schaefer, Kok-Chor Tan, Christopher Heath Wellman, Jonathan Wolff & Henry S. Richardson - 2020 - Science 1:DOI: 10.1126/science.abe2803.
    In this article, we propose the Fair Priority Model for COVID-19 vaccine distribution, and emphasize three fundamental values we believe should be considered when distributing a COVID-19 vaccine among countries: Benefiting people and limiting harm, prioritizing the disadvantaged, and equal moral concern for all individuals. The Priority Model addresses these values by focusing on mitigating three types of harms caused by COVID-19: death and permanent organ damage, indirect health consequences, such as health care system strain and stress, as well as (...)
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  48. Autonomy and interdependence: quandaries in genetic decision-making.Anne Donchin - 2000 - In Catriona Mackenzie & Natalie Stoljar (eds.), Relational Autonomy: Feminist Perspectives on Autonomy, Agency, and the Social Self. New York: Oxford University Press.
  49.  81
    Reproductive tourism and the Quest for global gender justice.Anne Donchin - 2010 - Bioethics 24 (7):323-332.
    Reproductive tourism is a manifestation of a larger, more inclusive trend toward globalization of capitalist cultural and material economies. This paper discusses the development of cross-border assisted reproduction within the globalized economy, transnational and local structural processes that influence the trade, social relations intersecting it, and implications for the healthcare systems affected. I focus on prevailing gender structures embedded in the cross-border trade and their intersection with other social and economic structures that reflect and impact globalization. I apply a social (...)
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  50.  22
    World Ordering: A Social Theory of Cognitive Evolution.Emanuel Adler - 2019 - Cambridge University Press.
    Drawing on evolutionary epistemology, process ontology, and a social-cognition approach, this book suggests cognitive evolution, an evolutionary-constructivist social and normative theory of change and stability of international social orders. It argues that practices and their background knowledge survive preferentially, communities of practice serve as their vehicle, and social orders evolve. As an evolutionary theory of world ordering, which does not borrow from the natural sciences, it explains why certain configurations of practices organize and govern social orders epistemically and normatively, and (...)
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