Epidemiological evidence supports a health‐promoting effect of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), especially in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. These cardiovascular benefits have been attributed to a number of components of the MedDiet such as monounsaturated fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins and phytochemicals. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Likewise, little is known about the genes that define inter‐individual variation in response to the MedDiet, although the TCF7L2 gene is emerging as an illustrative candidate for determining relative risk of cardiovascular events in (...) response to the MedDiet. Moreover, omics technologies are providing evidence supporting potential mechanisms, some of them implicating epigenetics (i.e. microRNAs, methylation), and certain data suggest that some traditional foods could contribute via microRNAs possibly acting as exogenous regulators of gene expression. Future research should aim at increasing and consolidating the nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic knowledge of the MedDiet in order to provide sound, personalized and optimized nutritional recommendations. (shrink)

Un principio fundamental vinculado al derecho de asilo es el de no devolución a un tercer Estado en el que exista peligro para la vida o la libertad del solicitante. Dicha regla se encuentra positivizada en el artículo 33 de la Convención de Ginebra de 1950 y desde este instrumento se ha incorporado tanto al Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo (SECA) como a las diferentes legislaciones nacionales, entre ellas, la española. Sin embargo, la especial situación a la que se enfrenta (...) la Unión Europea, ha hecho que este principio haya sufrido diversas vulneraciones y que existan intentos de convertirlo más en una directriz que en una norma de obligado cumplimiento. El objetivo de este estudio es insistir en que la no devolución no debe considerarse una norma de soft law, sino que el derecho positivo deja constancia de su carácter vinculante y obligatorio para los Estados parte de la mencionada Convención y tiene que respetarse unido a una adecuada definición de la noción de tercer país seguro. Solo así es posible garantizar la seguridad jurídica tan necesaria en el ámbito del asilo. (shrink)

Este trabajo plantea el vínculo entre el cambio climático y la movilidad humana desde la perspectiva de la protección internacional. Para ello puede hablarse tanto de desplazados como de refugiados climáticos. Mientras se consolida la idea de amparar a las personas desplazadas en el contexto de desastres y cambio climático, persiste la discusión acerca de los refugiados medioambientales. Desde este estudio se evidencia la urgencia de articular un estatuto de refugiado climático a partir de la revisión de la Convención de (...) Ginebra de 1951. Para realizar una aproximación a la configuración jurídica de la noción de refugiado climático, se analiza de modo crítico las iniciativas existentes y la aportación del Comité de Derechos Humanos. Se evidencia así que la degradación ambiental puede comprometer, entre otros, el disfrute efectivo del derecho a la vida y dar lugar a la necesidad de protección internacional. (shrink)

Research traditions on cognition and depression focus on relatively unconnected aspects of cognitive functioning. On one hand, the neuropsychological perspective has concentrated on cognitive control difficulties as a prominent feature of this condition. On the other hand, the clinical psychology perspective has focused on cognitive biases and repetitive negative patterns of thinking for emotional information. A review of the literature from both fields reveals that difficulties are more evident for mood-congruent materials, suggesting that cognitive control difficulties interact with cognitive biases (...) to hinder cognitive switching, working memory updating, and inhibition of irrelevant information. Connecting research from these two traditions, we propose a novel integrative cognitive model of depression in which the interplay between mood-congruent cognitive control difficulties, cognitive biases, and rumination may ultimately lead to ineffective emotion-regulation strategies to downregulate negative mood and upregulate positive mood. (shrink)

En las últimas décadas la focalización de la política europea de migración y asilo en las cuestiones relacionadas con el control de las fronteras y la protección del mercado de trabajo, y con ella la política a nivel nacional, ha relegado sistemáticamente la integración de los extranjeros a un segundo plano. La Comisión Europea y el Consejo de Europa no han dejado de insistir en que la inclusión es fundamental para las personas que llegan a Europa y para las comunidades (...) locales, de manera recíproca, si se quiere consolidar el bienestar de nuestras sociedades y la estabilidad de nuestras economías. Este trabajo recoge un análisis crítico y propositivo, desde los puntos en común de las directrices más recientes de la Comisión y el Consejo, y la concreción que de ellas se ha hecho en el nuevo Marco Estratégico nacional, para articular e implementar una política de integración e inclusión que ofrezca respuestas a los cambios, desafíos y oportunidades que se presentan en el nuevo contexto social y migratorio europeo y español. (shrink)

El artículo estudia, por una parte, la génesis del concepto de lo barroco en Eugenio D’Ors en relación con sus referentes intelectuales inmediatos. Desde la perspectiva europea se analiza el influjo de la oposición establecida por Worringer (1908) entre Abstraktion y Einfühlung, así como la impronta del concepto de romanticismo político de Carl Schmitt (1919). Por otra parte, se analiza la historia del concepto de lo barroco en dos momentos. De un lado en el denominado neobarroco americano, impulsado por autores (...) como Lezama Lima, Alejo Carpentier y Severo Sarduy. En este ámbito se muestra el modo en que el concepto sirvió para dar cuenta de lo que desde las posiciones colonialistas de D’Ors representaba la crisis de la cultura clásica europea y que, desde la perspectiva americana, definía en sentido positivo la identidad cultural hispanoamericana. Para estudiar una segunda deriva del concepto, se examinan las similitudes y diferencias entre el sentido que la categoría tiene en D’Ors y su reinterpretación en el pensamiento posmoderno de la década de los ochenta, de la mano de Calabrese, Jenks y Deleuze. Finalmente, se recurre a metáforas musicales para esclarecer las diferencias entre el barroco histórico de los siglos XVII y XVIII y el barroco posmoderno. (shrink)

Resumen: En los últimos años ha cobrado relevancia académica en el ámbito de los derechos humanos, un debate sobre la propuesta de la estudiosa estadounidense Martha Albertson Fineman de entender la vulnerabilidad como una condición humana universal, innata y constante. Esta nueva conceptualización de la vulnerabilidad se ha presentado como la base teórica de un paradigma alternativo a la teoría liberal del Estado y de los derechos. El presente trabajo analiza algunos puntos críticos de este nuevo paradigma en su relación (...) con la idea de igualdad, especialmente en la medida en que se presenta como una nueva formulación de la idea de igualdad sustantiva, capaz de transcender las limitaciones que se señalan a la noción liberal de igualdad formal y al derecho antidiscriminatorio construido sobre esa noción. Abstract: The proposal advanced by US theorist Martha Albertson Fineman for reconceptualising the notion of vulnerability as a human condition, universal, inherent and constant, has acquired growing academic moment in the field of human rights. This new conceptualisation has been presented as the theoretical foundation for a new political and legal paradigm, alternative to liberal theory. This essay assesses some critical points in this new paradigm in its relation with the idea of equality, especially inasmuch as vulnerability appears as a new formula for substantive equality, capable of transcending the limitations of the liberal notion of formal equality and the antidiscrimination law that is founded thereupon. (shrink)

Women's equality claims have occupied the forefront of the European debate on face-veil bans; most claims have been denounced as mere manipulation for anti-Islamic and/or anti-immigrant political agendas, and the dilemma between anti-sexist and anti-racist struggles has been argued to be false. This article examines how opportunistic manipulation of gender equality claims and the ‘ethnicisation’ of sexism have been assessed and confronted in the scholarly debate opposing the bans, as well as the impact that this debate has had on women's (...) equality claims and the intersectionality issue. I argue that the women's oppression argument has not been fully considered, because it would have disrupted the anti-racist struggle due to unresolved problems with understanding intersectionality. (shrink)

In this study, we investigated the relationship between mothers' psychological lexicon and children's cognitive and socio-emotive development as assessed through conceptual and semantic understanding tasks, in addition to the traditional tasks of theory of mind. Currently, there is considerable evidence to suggest that the frequency of mothers' mental state words used in mother-child picture-book reading is linked with children's theory of mind skills. Furthermore, mothers' use of cognitive terms is more strongly related to children's theory of mind performances than the (...) mothers' references to other mental states, such as desires or emotions (Rollo and Buttiglieri, 2009 ). Current literature has established that early maternal input is related to later child mental state understanding; however it has not yet clarified which maternal terms are most useful for the socio-emotional and cognitive development of the child, and which aspect of the cognitive development benefits from the mother-child interaction. The present study addresses this issue and focuses on the relationship between mothers' mental state talk and children's behavior in conceptual and semantic tasks, and in a theory of mind task. In this study fifty pairs consisting of mothers and their 3 to 6-year-old children participated in two sessions: (1) The mothers read a picture book to their children. To assess the maternal psychological lexicon, their narrative was codified according to the categories of mental state references used in literature: perceptual, emotional, volitional, cognitive, moral, and communicative. (2) After a few days, the conceptual and semantic skills of the children (tasks of contextualization and classification, memory, and definition of words) and their psychological lexicon were assessed. The results suggest close links between the frequency and variety of mothers' mental state words and some semantic and conceptual skills of children. (shrink)

According to Levinas, the philosophy of being is essentially violent because being is identified with its own negation. The Hegelian Absolute Subject is the perfect expression of the philosophy of Identity and represents the greatest violence. Levinas develops a philosophy of asymmetric inter-subjectivity as a space where difference is possible, offering an alternative to the modern subject.

Resumen: Las expulsiones colectivas de extranjeros, aun estando prohibidas por el derecho internacional, son una práctica que sistemáticamente se ha aplicado en el ámbito del control de los flujos migratorios. En el caso de España, en su frontera sur terrestre, se han generalizado las denominadas “devoluciones en caliente”. Las vulneraciones de derechos que conllevan estas medidas son incompatibles con el Convenio Europeo para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos y de las Libertades Fundamentales, del que derivan obligaciones concretas para los (...) Estados parte. Este trabajo, propone un análisis crítico de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos para delimitar cuándo se produce una expulsión colectiva. Con ello se pretende evitar la aparente normalización de una medida que es ilegal e insistir en los mecanismos garantistas de los derechos de los extranjeros. Abstract: The collective expulsion of foreigners, although prohibited by International Law, is a practice that has been systematically applied in the field of control of migration flows. In the case of Spain, on its southern land border, the so-called police "push-backs" have become widespread. The violations of rights entailed by these measures are incompatible with the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, from which obligations derive for the States Parties. This paper proposes a critical analysis of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights to delimit when a collective expulsion occurs. This is intended to avoid the apparent normalization of a measure that is illegal and to insist on mechanisms that guarantee the rights of foreigners. (shrink)

Biobanking in Europe has made major steps towards harmonization and shared standards for the collection and processing of data and samples stored in biobanks. Still, biobanks and researchers face substantial legal difficulties in the field of data protection and sample management. Data protection law was harmonized almost 15 years ago while rights in samples fall under the competence of the Member States of the EU. Despite the Data Protection Directive the field of data protection shows a substantial degree of deviation (...) as public health was excluded from the harmonization. Biobanks seem to have substantially fewer difficulties to cope with in terms of the legal requirements in the field of sample management. This paper discusses the legal framework, experiences of different biobanks in Europe and potential ways forward. It also highlights the need for a health economic analysis of the costs and benefits of privacy protection in Europe. At the moment, policymakers seem to build their decisions on an insufficient evidence base which underestimates the potential value of biobanks for European public health. Within the past few years little progress has been achieved with regards to the development of a unified legal framework in Europe, The diversity in the legal system is also reflected in the different approaches of ethics committees towards biobanking. To secure the responsible and effective use of data and samples, more efforts are needed to come up with pathways for a solution. (shrink)

O artigo ten como obxectivo facer un percorrido por tres momentos da escritura filosófica no que o fenómeno do límite ou fronteira do pensamento se pon claramente de manifesto no discurso. En primeiro lugar, Kant, como artífice da produtiva noción dunha “fronteira [Grenze]” da razón como condición e límite do pensamento; en segundo lugar, Hegel, como o seu máximo crítico na “asunción [Aufhebung]” da negación da fronteira kantiana; e, finalmente, Kierkegaard, cuxa contribución á discusión dos seus predecesores consiste no “pathos (...) [Lidenskab]” do límite que Kant demarca e Hegel supera, pois no caso do pensador dinamarqués o límite da filosofía é ao mesmo tempo paradoxo, é dicir, algo que non pode ser coñecido senón tan só re-coñecido pola razón e que pon xustamente a razón no seu límite. (shrink)

Believing Philosophy Video Lectures introduces Christians to the tools and resources of philosophy, helping them understand, articulate, and defend their faith in an age of unbelief. Dolores G. Morris first explains why Christians should read and study philosophy. She begins by introducing learners to the long tradition of Christian philosophy and then explains the basic resources of philosophical reasoning: the role and aim of reason; distinctions between truth, reason, and provability; learning to read like a philosopher; and the fundamentals (...) of philosophical arguments. In the remaining sessions, Morris explores a sampling of philosophical topics relevant to the Christian faith. These lessons focus on the problem of evil and the moral argument for the existence of God. The problem of evil is often invoked as an argument for atheism. In response, the moral argument considers the reality not only of evil but also of moral values in general as evidence for the existence of God. In evaluating these arguments, Morris introduces students to a variety of Christian philosophical positions, including skeptical theism, the free will defense, Reformed epistemology, Christian ethical theories, and a number of theodicies and defenses of the faith. (shrink)

The acceptance of causal closure has had a profoundly limiting effect on the philosophical treatment of sui generis mental causation in recent decades. Philosophical treatments of special divine action have been likewise hampered by a widespread commitment to closure. If fundamental reality is as closure tells us it is, then nonphysical minds—human and divine— are either causally impotent or redundant. In this paper, I reject this limitation as baseless. Specifically, I will show how Hempel’s dilemma poses a far greater challenge (...) when applied to a causal closure principle than it did to the task of defining physicalism. Reponses to the dilemma can be used to disambiguate closure, but not without significant cost. In light of Hempel’s dilemma, there is no conception of closure that can do all of the following: rule out sui generis mental causation, have a reasonable chance of being true, and avoid problematic circularity. At the end of the day, I maintain that closure, properly understood, is, or ought to be, just one methodological stance among many. If this is correct, it is a stance that a theist can freely reject. (shrink)

Frente a la violencia contra las mujeres se han generado,gracias al feminismo, una infinidad de normas que tratan de ponerle límite. No obstante esta violencia no cesa. Para el feminismo la violencia contra las mujeres no es otra cosa que la consecuencia de la dominación del macho impuesta por la cultura patriarcal. Pero hoy, en las democracias occidentales, es imposible seguir sosteniendo el mito del macho dominador propio de la era patriarcal. Hoy asistimos a un declive de lo viril concomitante (...) a la caída del Padre. La actual violencia contra las mujeres no puede explicarse por el régimen patriarcal, pero tampoco por la caída del padre, porque esta violencia ha existido en todas las épocas. La verdadera cuestión no es el Padre sino el malentendido entre los goces. Mientras que el goce todo fálico se centra en la apropiación del objeto, en lo que puede ser localizado, nombrado, medido, el goce no- todo fálico, que Lacan llama femenino, pero que también pueden experimentar algunos hombres, se presenta como sin medida, irreductible, no solo a un órgano, sino a la palabra misma. Ante la angustia suscitada frente a lo real de este goce Otro imposible de ser simbolizado, la violencia masculina es un intento ferozmente patológico de colonizar este goce innombrable. El pasaje al acto violento viene en el lugar de una palabra imposible de decir. Frente al recurso al acto violento que cortocircuita la palabra, el psicoanálisis es una invitación a poner en palabras este goce que perturba a cada ser hablante. No para decirlo todo, lo cual es imposible, sino para hacer con este imposible de decir otra cosa que la destrucción del otro y/ o la autodestrucción. (shrink)

Que la población mayor está bien ajustada emocionalmente es algo bien constatado en la investigación gerontológico. Este dato, puesto en relación con otros, genera una curiosa consecuencia: la denominada "Paradoja del bienestar en la vejez". Con la edad, junto al aumento de circunstancias relativas a pérdidas (de parientes, amigos, funcionamiento físico y roles sociales) se da una estabilidad en las puntuaciones de diversos indicadores de bienestar psicológico (expresión de emociones positivas, prevalencia de trastornos depresivos o ansiedad). Los aspectos explicativos que (...) se esgrimen para despejar esta paradoja son, entre otros, la mejora de mecanismos de autorregulación emocional y el carácter gradual y normativo de dichas pérdidas (Márquez-González, 2008 y Fernández-Ballesteros, 2009). (shrink)

Christie is a member of the Department of Religious Studies at Baldwin-Wallace College, Cleveland, Ohio (U.S.A.).

Este artículo reseña: Vincenzo LORUBBIO y Maria Giulia BERNARDINI (a cura di), Diritti umani e condizioni di vulnerabilità.

Among the most enduring taboos, those related to the human body are the most enduring, throughout history. Be it its re/presentation of exploration, it constituted for most cultures and epochs a very sensitive subject, ever evolving and changing, but perennially raw and open to debate and discussion. With the advent of new technologies sustaining and infiltrating society, the body is seen, explored and represented in new ways that can be, simultaneously, interpreted either as transgressive or respectful of taboos, depending on (...) the point of view or the current social norms. The question is: are we able to transcend transgression of taboos through our work or are we still far from achieving it? Our tools are computer-generated simulations based on patient-collected data. Building our arguments on Foucault’s Birth of the Clinic (1973) analysis, we approach the evolution of our own research as a ‘case study’. In the age of the life-support, stem-cell therapy and 3D organ printing, is computer simulation mimicking or mirroring organic life and phenomena, or is it creating a debatable simulacrum? From reducing the human body to a series of equations that lead to depersonalization and loss of self, to tailored modelling based on patient-collected biological data, the computer simulations took a variety of guises. At each point of the way, confronting the taboos, conventions and through controlled transgressions of established rules, we strived to transcend all historic limitations and update, adjust and fine-tune the technology and its uses to better suit the clinicians’ pursuits. (shrink)

Managers’ commitment to contribute to sustainable development holds the key to their long-term business success and may be a source of competitive advantage. The managerial perception of business ethics is influenced by the level of moral development and personal characteristics of managers. These perceptions are also shaped by forces existing in the environment of the firm, including available resources, societal expectations, sector, and regulations. The resource-based perspective can thus contribute to the analysis of ethical issues offering important insights on how (...) they can influence the environmental strategy of the firm. The findings of this study show that firm resources have a strong influence on business managers’ ethical attitudes. In addition, the application of resource-based rationales to ethical issues can be justified in the following several ways: it influences a managerial perception of natural environment as a competitive opportunity, it requires investments of financial and human resources, flexibility and speed in the adaptation to environmental changes, and it creates new resource-based opportunities through changes in prevention pollution technology, policy process, and market forces. (shrink)

In 2022, at an interdisciplinary conference on Creation and the Imago Dei, Biola psychologist Liz Hall posed a powerful challenge to the philosophers and theologians in the room. In the face of the “already and not yet” nature of Christian theology, she put forth the need for a “theology of tension.” Over and over again, while reading Biblical Philosophy, I was reminded of this challenge. The features Johnson puts forth as emblematic of Hebraic Philosophy can help in this respect, in (...) two clear ways: First, retrospectively, Johnson’s categories are useful for diagnosing both the philosophical missteps targeted by critiques of theodicy and the features held in common by some of the more successful accounts. Second, going forward, the convictions and modes of argument central to Hebraic philosophy may help guide future philosophical responses to suffering. In general, I believe that the philosophical problems related to suffering are especially well-suited to responses that are pixelated, networked, mysterianist, creationist, transdemographic, and ritualist. Perhaps Hebraic philosophy can succeed where Hellenist philosophy has struggled: in addressing the tension that arises from the experience of suffering in a world governed by a loving, providential, sovereign God. While I am largely in favor of Johnson’s Hebraic philosophy, I will conclude by breaking from his view in one important respect. Johnson presents the Biblical view as substantially contrasting with the correspondence theory affirmed by many contemporary philosophers. I will end by pushing back on this claim. On Johnson’s own account, the Hebraic notion of truth is determined with reference to the divinely designed order. I propose that we understand the Hebraic notion of truth as degrees of correspondence to this divinely ordered, absolute reality. (shrink)

This article provides a discussion of the concepts of politics, sovereignty and man in the thinking of CARL SCHMITT and THOMAS HOBBES, clarifying certain similarities and differences between the two authors. It attempts to understand the well-known theory of the German author concerning that which is political, as drawn from the struggle and distinction between friend/foe in light of the threat posed by the Hobbesian state of nature and the meaning of war. These ideas call for a State that does (...) not arise as the result of a contract, but from unity based on exclusions, according to SCHMITT. The Acerca de los conceptos de política Dolores Marcos y soberanía en Carl Schmitt y Thomas Hobbes need for an absolute power that can protect and coerce connects with certain features of HOBBES´ Leviathan. Finally, the conflictive dimension of man is understood as essential for the political realm, which is based, precisely, on egotistical and dange rous features in human beings. Understanding this sphere turns out to be essential for developing an approach to the resolution of conflicts. (shrink)

Son diversos los motivos que justifican analizar, de forma separada, la depresión y los trastornos de ansiedad en personas mayores con respecto a adultos más jóvenes. Podemos enumerar, entre los más relevantes, los siguientes: (1) sintomatología diferencial que puede dificultar el diagnóstico en la vejez; (2) infradeclaración clínica, consecuencia del efecto negativo de los estereotipos de la edad sobre la población mayor y los profesionales que los tratan; (3) mayor cronificación de los síntomas, debido a un posible diagnóstico tardío; (4) (...) mayor impacto funcional, ya que ambos trastornos se pueden asociar a diversas patologías, como anemia o diabetes (en la depresión) o presión arterial, úlcera o problemas cardiovasculares ( en la ansiedad), produciéndose una interacción recíproca entre la sintomatología psicológica y física que exacerba ambos tipos de problemáticas. (shrink)