Results for 'David Dolan'

934 found
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  1.  78
    Challenges of genetic testing in adolescents with cardiac arrhythmia syndromes.Lilian Liou Cohen, Marina Stolerman, Christine Walsh, David Wasserman & Siobhan M. Dolan - 2012 - Journal of Medical Ethics 38 (3):163-167.
    The ability to sequence individual genomes is leading to the identification of an increasing number of genetic risk factors for serious diseases. Knowledge of these risk factors can often provide significant medical and psychological benefit, but also raises complex ethical and social issues. This paper focuses on one area of rapid progress: the identification of mutations causing long QT syndrome and other cardiac channel disorders, which can explain some previously unexplained deaths in infants (SIDS) and children and adults (SUDS) and (...)
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  2. Memory changes in healthy young and older adults.David A. Balota, Patrick O. Dolan & Janet M. Duchek - 2000 - In Endel Tulving, The Oxford Handbook of Memory. Oxford University Press. pp. 395--410.
    The present chapter provides a review of the literature addressing changes in memory performance in older adults (often retired individuals with an age between 60 and 80 years), compared to younger adults (often college students around age 20). While it is well-established that memory performance declines in older adults (e.g., Kausler, 1994; Ryan, 1992), it is now clear that not all aspects of memory are impaired (e.g., Balota & Duchek, 1988; Burke & Light, 1981; Craik, 1983; Schacter, Kihlstrom, Kaszniak & (...)
     
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  3.  30
    The Improvisational State of Mind: A Multidisciplinary Study of an Improvisatory Approach to Classical Music Repertoire Performance.David Dolan, Henrik J. Jensen, Pedro A. M. Mediano, Miguel Molina-Solana, Hardik Rajpal, Fernando Rosas & John A. Sloboda - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  4.  56
    Evaluation of the Condom Distribution Program in New South Wales Prisons, Australia.Kate Dolan, David Lowe & James Shearer - 2004 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 32 (1):124-128.
    Male to male unprotected anal sex is the main route of HIV transmission in Australia. The Australian Study of Health and Relationships, a large, representative population survey of sexual health behaviors, found that six percent of males in the general population have engaged in homosexual activity. These findings were consistent with studies in Europeand North America. Condoms have been shown to reduce the transmission of HIV in the community. Barriers to the use of condoms include access,stigma,and cost? Nevertheless, increased condom (...)
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  5.  92
    Mathematical Kinds, or Being Kind to Mathematics.David Corfield - 2004 - Philosophica 74 (2).
    In 1908, Henri Poincar? claimed that: ...the mathematical facts worthy of being studied are those which, by their analogy with other facts, are capable of leading us to the knowledge of a mathematical law, just as experimental facts lead us to the knowledge of a physical law. They are those which reveal to us unsuspected kinship between other facts, long known, but wrongly believed to be strangers to one another. Towards the end of the twentieth century, with many more mathematical (...)
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  6. Taxation, the private law, and distributive justice.Kevin A. Kordana & David H. Tabachnick - 2006 - Social Philosophy and Policy 23 (2):142-165.
    We argue that for theorists with a post-institutional conception of property, e.g., Rawlsians, there is no principled reason to limit the domain of distributive justice to tax and transfer-both tax policy and the rules of the private law are constructed in service to distributive aims. Such theorists cannot maintain a commitment to a normative conception of private law independent of their overarching distributive principles. In contrast, theorists with a pre-institutional conception of property can derive the private law from sectors of (...)
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  7. International aid: When giving becomes a vice.Neera K. Badhwar - 2006 - Social Philosophy and Policy 23 (1):69-101.
    Peter Singer and Peter Unger argue that moral decency requires giving away all one's “surplus” for the relief or prevention of “absolute poverty,” because not doing so is analogous to refusing to save a drowning child to avoid making one's clothes muddy. I argue that there is a crucial disanalogy between the two cases and, moreover, that there are four independent moral objections to their thesis: it is monomaniacal in ignoring the variety of morally worthy ideals and elevating self-sacrificial aid (...)
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  8. Natural rights and political legitimacy.Christopher Morris - 2005 - Social Philosophy and Policy 22 (1):314-329.
    If we have a natural right to liberty, it is hard to see how a state could be legitimate without first obtaining the (genuine) consent of the governed. I consider the threat natural rights pose to state legitimacy. I distinguish minimal from full legitimacy and explore different understandings of the nature of our natural rights. Even though I conclude that natural rights do threaten the full legitimacy of states, I suggest that understanding our natural right to liberty to be grounded (...)
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  9.  50
    Out of Mind: Varieties of Unconscious Processes.Beatrice de Gelder, Edward H. F. De Haan & Charles A. Heywood (eds.) - 2001 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Can we learn without consciousness? When the eminent neuropsychologist, Lawrence Weiskrantz first coined the term 'blindsight' to describe a condition whereby a patient could demonstrate that they were aware of some object, yet insist that they were completely unaware of its existence, the response from some in the scientific community was one of extreme skepticism. Even now, there are those who question the existence of unconscious learning, and the topic remains one of the most actively researched and debated in psychology. (...)
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  10. Relating introspective accuracy to individual differences in brain structure.Stephen Fleming, R. Weil, Z. Nagy, Raymond Dolan & G. Rees - 2010 - Science 329:1541–3.
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  11.  89
    Other minds in the brain: a functional imaging study of "theory of mind" in story comprehension.P. C. Fletcher, F. Happé, U. Frith, S. C. Baker, R. J. Dolan, R. S. Frackowiak & C. D. Frith - 1995 - Cognition 57 (2):109-128.
  12. The Quantum Theory of Fields.David Wallace - 2022 - In Eleanor Knox & Alastair Wilson, The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Physics. London, UK: Routledge.
    I give an introduction to the conceptual structure of quantum field theory as it is used in mainstream theoretical physics today, aimed at non-specialists. My main focuses in the article are the common structure of quantum field theory as it is applied in solid-state physics and as it is applied in high-energy physics; the modern theory of renormalisation.
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  13. Massive Modularity: An Ontological Hypothesis or an Adaptationist Discovery Heuristic?David Villena - 2023 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 36 (4):317-334.
    Cognitive modules are internal mental structures. Some theorists and empirical researchers hypothesise that the human mind is either partially or massively comprised of structures that are modular in nature. Is the massive modularity of mind hypothesis a cogent view about the ontological nature of human mind or is it, rather, an effective/ineffective adaptationist discovery heuristic for generating predictively successful hypotheses about both heretofore unknown psychological traits and unknown properties of already identified psychological traits? Considering the inadequacies of the case in (...)
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  14.  66
    Ethics and the Rule of Law.David Lyons - 1983 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    An introduction to the philosophy of law, which offers a modern and critical appraisal of all the main issues and problems. This has become a very active area in the last ten years, and one on which philosophers, legal practitioners and theorists and social scientists have tended to converge. The more abstract questions about the nature of law and its relationship to social norms and moral standards are now seen to be directly relevant to more practical and indeed pressing questions (...)
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  15.  89
    A Social Actor Conception of Organizational Identity and Its Implications for the Study of Organizational Reputation.David A. Whetten & Alison Mackey - 2002 - Business and Society 41 (4):393-414.
    The objective of this article is to clarify the conceptual domains of organizational identity, image, and reputation. To initiate this theory development process, we present a “social actor” conception of organizational identity. Identity-congruent definitions of image and reputation are then specified and an integrated model proposed. With the aid of this model, a structural flawin the organizational reputation literature is identified and suitable remedies proposed. In addition, the authors explore the implications of invoking identity and identification in explanations and justifications (...)
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  16. The sense and reference of predicates: A running repair to Frege's doctrine and a plea for the copula.David Wiggins - 1984 - Philosophical Quarterly 34 (136):311-328.
  17.  82
    The Necessity of Gibbsian Statistical Mechanics.David Wallace - unknown
    In discussions of the foundations of statistical mechanics, it is widely held that the Gibbsian and Boltzmannian approaches are incompatible but empirically equivalent; the Gibbsian approach may be calculationally preferable but only the Boltzmannian approach is conceptually satisfactory. I argue against both assumptions. Gibbsian statistical mechanics is applicable to a wide variety of problems and systems, such as the calculation of transport coefficients and the statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of mesoscopic systems, in which the Boltzmannian approach is inapplicable. And the (...)
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  18. Demands of Justice, Feasible Alternatives, and the Need for Causal Analysis.David Wiens - 2013 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 16 (2):325-338.
    Many political philosophers hold the Feasible Alternatives Principle (FAP): justice demands that we implement some reform of international institutions P only if P is feasible and P improves upon the status quo from the standpoint of justice. The FAP implies that any argument for a moral requirement to implement P must incorporate claims whose content pertains to the causal processes that explain the current state of affairs. Yet, philosophers routinely neglect the need to attend to actual causal processes. This undermines (...)
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  19.  57
    Paradox and platitude in Wittgenstein's philosophy.David Pears - 2006 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    This is a concise and readable study of five intertwined themes at the heart of Wittgenstein's thought, written by one of his most eminent interpreters. David Pears offers penetrating investigations and lucid explications of some of the most influential and yet puzzling writings of twentieth-century philosophy. He focuses on the idea of language as a picture of the world; the phenomenon of linguistic regularity; the famous "private language argument"; logical necessity; and ego and the self.
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  20.  96
    Harming Future Persons: Ethics, Genetics and the Nonidentity Problem.David Wasserman & Melinda Roberts (eds.) - 2009 - Springer.
    This collection of essays investigates the obligations we have in respect of future persons, from our own future offspring to distant future generations.
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  21.  26
    The Murder of Professor Schlick: The Rise and Fall of the Vienna Circle.David Edmonds - 2020 - Princeton: Princeton University Press.
    From the author of Wittgenstein's Poker and Would You Kill the Fat Man?, the story of an extraordinary group of philosophers during a dark chapter in Europe's history On June 22, 1936, the philosopher Moritz Schlick was on his way to deliver a lecture at the University of Vienna when Johann Nelböck, a deranged former student of Schlick's, shot him dead on the university steps. Some Austrian newspapers defended the madman, while Nelböck himself argued in court that his onetime teacher (...)
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  22.  48
    A new method for making treatment decisions for incapacitated patients: what do patients think about the use of a patient preference predictor?David Wendler, Bob Wesley, Mark Pavlick & Annette Rid - 2016 - Journal of Medical Ethics 42 (4):235-241.
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  23. Competing narratives in AI ethics: a defense of sociotechnical pragmatism.David S. Watson, Jakob Mökander & Luciano Floridi - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-23.
    Several competing narratives drive the contemporary AI ethics discourse. At the two extremes are sociotechnical dogmatism, which holds that society is full of inefficiencies and imperfections that can only be solved by better technology; and sociotechnical skepticism, which highlights the unacceptable risks AI systems pose. While both narratives have their merits, they are ultimately reductive and limiting. As a constructive synthesis, we introduce and defend sociotechnical pragmatism—a narrative that emphasizes the central role of context and human agency in designing and (...)
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  24. Rights, welfare, and Mill's moral theory.David Lyons - 1994 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    This volume collects David Lyons' well-known essays on Mill's moral theory and includes an introduction which relates the essays to prior and subsequent philosophical developments. Like the author's Forms and Limits of Utilitarianism (Oxford, 1965), the essays apply analytical methods to issues in normative ethics. The first essay defends a refined version of the beneficiary theory of rights against H.L.A. Hart's important criticisms. The central set of essays develops new interpretations of Mill's moral theory with the aim of determining (...)
  25. Thermodynamics as Control Theory.David Wallace - unknown
    I explore the reduction of thermodynamics to statistical mechanics by treating the former as a control theory: a theory of which transitions between states can be induced on a system by means of operations from a fixed list. I recover the results of standard thermodynamics in this framework on the assumption that the available operations do not include measurements which affect subsequent choices of operations. I then relax this assumption and use the framework to consider the vexed questions of Maxwell's (...)
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  26.  57
    An historical holistic thread in the dynamical fabric of psychology.Frederick David Abraham - 1997 - World Futures 49 (1):159-201.
    (1997). An historical holistic thread in the dynamical fabric of psychology. World Futures: Vol. 49, The Dialatic of Evolution: Essays in Honor of David Loye, pp. 159-201.
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  27.  48
    Modus Vivendi Liberalism: Theory and Practice.David McCabe - 2010 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    A central task in contemporary political philosophy is to identify principles governing political life where citizens disagree deeply on important questions of value and, more generally, about the proper ends of life. The distinctively liberal response to this challenge insists that the state should as far as possible avoid relying on such contested issues in its basic structure and deliberations. David McCabe critically surveys influential defenses of the liberal solution and advocates modus vivendi liberalism as an alternative defense of (...)
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  28.  17
    Derrida on Being as Presence: Questions and Quests.David A. White - 2017 - Berlin: De Gruyter Open.
    Jacques Derrida's extensive early writings devoted considerable attention to "being as presence," the reality underlying the history of metaphysics. In Derrida on Being as Presence: Questions and Quests, David A. White develops the intricate conceptual structure of this notion by close exegetical readings drawn from these writings. White discusses cardinal concepts in Derrida's revamping of theoretical considerations pertaining to language--signification, context, negation, iterability--as these considerations depend on the structure of being as presence and also as they ground "deconstructive" reading. (...)
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  29.  58
    The effect of aging in recollective experience: The processing speed and executive functioning hypothesis.Aurélia Bugaiska, David Clarys, Caroline Jarry, Laurence Taconnat, Géraldine Tapia, Sandrine Vanneste & Michel Isingrini - 2007 - Consciousness and Cognition 16 (4):797-808.
    This study was designed to investigate the effects of aging on consciousness in recognition memory, using the Remember/Know/Guess procedure . Remembering and Knowing. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik , The Oxford Handbook of Memory. Oxford University Press.). In recognition memory, older participants report fewer occasions on which recognition is accompanied by recollection of the original encoding context. Two main hypotheses were tested: the speed mediation hypothesis . The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review, (...)
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  30. Protecting Subjects Who Cannot Give Consent: Toward a Better Standard for "Minimal" Risks.David Wendler - 2005 - Hastings Center Report 35 (5):37.
    When children and incapacitated adults are enrolled in research that cannot directly benefit them, they can be exposed to no more than “minimal” risks, according to guidelines accepted around the world. We need a new standard for what “minimal” risks are, however—one that recognizes that participating in nonbeneficial research is like participating in a charitable activity. Such a standard appears likely to provide more stringent protections for these vulnerable populations.
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  31. Locating the wrongness in ultra-violent video games.David I. Waddington - 2007 - Ethics and Information Technology 9 (2):121-128.
    The extremely high level of simulated violence in certain recent video games has made some people uneasy. There is a concern that something is wrong with these violent games, but, since the violence is virtual rather than real, it is difficult to specify the nature of the wrongness. Since there is no proven causal connection between video-game violence and real violence, philosophical analysis can be particularly helpful in locating potential sources of wrongness in ultra-violent video games. To this end, this (...)
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  32.  54
    Healthcare and anomaly detection: using machine learning to predict anomalies in heart rate data.Edin Šabić, David Keeley, Bailey Henderson & Sara Nannemann - 2021 - AI and Society 36 (1):149-158.
    The application of machine learning algorithms to healthcare data can enhance patient care while also reducing healthcare worker cognitive load. These algorithms can be used to detect anomalous physiological readings, potentially leading to expedited emergency response or new knowledge about the development of a health condition. However, while there has been much research conducted in assessing the performance of anomaly detection algorithms on well-known public datasets, there is less conceptual comparison across unsupervised and supervised performance on physiological data. Moreover, while (...)
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  33.  37
    Essays on Identity and Substance.David Wiggins - 2016 - New York, NY: Oxford University Press UK.
    This volume gathers twelve essays by David Wiggins in an area where his work has been particularly influential. Among the subjects treated are: persistence of a substance through change, the notion of a continuant, the logic of identity, the co-occupation of space by a continuant and its matter, the relation of person to human organism, the metaphysical idea of a person, the status of artefacts, the relation of the three-dimensional and four-dimensional conceptions of reality, and the nomological underpinning of (...)
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  34.  67
    Breaking the Rules: Examining the Facilitation Effects of Moral Intensity Characteristics on the Recognition of Rule Violations.David M. Wasieleski & Sefa Hayibor - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 78 (1-2):275-289.
    This research project seeks to discover whether certain characteristics of a moral issue facilitate individuals’ abilities to detect violators of a conditional rule. In business, conditional rules are often framed in terms of a social contract between employer and employee. Of significant concern to business ethicists is the fact that these social contracts are frequently breached. Some researchers in the field of evolutionary psychology argue that there is a biological basis to social contract formation and dissolution in business. However, although (...)
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  35.  31
    Beyond the Search for Truth: Dewey's Humble and Humanistic Vision of Science Education.David I. Waddington & Noah Weeth Feinstein - 2016 - Educational Theory 66 (1-2):111-126.
    In this essay, David Waddington and Noah Weeth Feinstein explore how Dewey's conception of science can help us rethink the way science is done in schools. The authors begin by contrasting a view of science that is implicitly accepted by many scientists and science educators — science as a search for truth — with Dewey's instrumentalist, technological, and nonrealist conception of science. After demonstrating that the search-for-truth conception is closely linked to some ongoing difficulties with science curricula that students (...)
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  36.  49
    The Role of Power in Financial Statement Fraud Schemes.Chad Albrecht, Daniel Holland, Ricardo Malagueño, Simon Dolan & Shay Tzafrir - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 131 (4):803-813.
    In this paper, we investigate a large-scale financial statement fraud to better understand the process by which individuals are recruited to participate in financial statement fraud schemes. The case reveals that perpetrators often use power to recruit others to participate in fraudulent acts. To illustrate how power is used, we propose a model, based upon the classical French and Raven taxonomy of power, that explains how one individual influences another individual to participate in financial statement fraud. We also provide propositions (...)
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  37.  62
    What research with stored Samples teaches us about research with human subjects.David Wendler - 2002 - Bioethics 16 (1):33–54.
    There is widespread discussion concerning the safeguards appropriate for human research subjects. Less discussed is the fact that the safeguards one deems appropriate depend, in large part, on the model of research participation that one assumes. Therefore, to determine what safeguards are appropriate, it is necessary first to clarify the competing models of research participation. The ostensibly obscure debate over informed consent for research on stored biological samples is of particular interest in this regard because such research can involve varying (...)
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  38.  40
    Reflections on Inquiry and Truth arising from Peirce's Method for the Fixation of Belief.David Wiggins - 2004 - In Cheryl Misak, The Cambridge companion to Peirce. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 87--126.
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  39.  42
    Formations of Ritual: Colonial and Anthropological Discourses on the Sinhala Yaktovil.Ananda Abeysekara & David Scott - 1999 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 119 (4):717.
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  40.  36
    The Natural Meaning of Crime and Punishment: Denying and Affirming Freedom.David Chelsom Vogt - 2023 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 17 (2):339-358.
    The article discusses the link between freedom, crime and punishment. According to some theorists, crime does not only cause a person to have less freedom; it constitutes, _in and of itself_, a breach of the freedom of others. Punishment does not only cause people to have more freedom, for instance by preventing crimes; it constitutes, _in and of itself_, respect for mutual freedom. If the latter claims are true, crime and punishment must have certain _meanings_ that make them denials/affirmations of (...)
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  41. Harms to Future People and Procreative Intentions.David T. Wasserman - 2009 - In David Wasserman & Melinda Roberts, Harming Future Persons: Ethics, Genetics and the Nonidentity Problem. Springer. pp. 265--285.
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  42.  10
    Hegel and Marx after the fall of communism.David MacGregor - 1998 - Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
    The collapse of the Soviet Empire led many to think that communism and perhaps socialism were no longer relevant to the modern world. _Hegel and Marx After the Fall of Communism _presents a balanced discussion for and against the validity of the arguments of two of the most important political philosophers of all time, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Karl Marx. David MacGregor reinterprets Hegel and Marx’s philosophies, setting out key events in their lives against a backdrop of historical (...)
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  43.  81
    Michel Serres on lucretius.David Webb - 2006 - Angelaki 11 (3):125 – 136.
  44.  12
    Total liberation: the power and promise of animal rights and the radical earth movement.David N. Pellow - 2014 - Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
    When in 2001 Earth Liberation Front activists drove metal spikes into hundreds of trees in Gifford Pinchot National Forest, they were protesting the sale of a section of the old-growth forest to a timber company. But ELF's communiqu on the action went beyond the radical group's customary brief. Drawing connections between the harms facing the myriad animals who make their home in the trees and the struggles for social justice among ordinary human beings resisting exclusion and marginalization, the dispatch declared, (...)
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  45.  46
    Sartre, Emotions, and Wallowing.David Weberman - 1996 - American Philosophical Quarterly 33 (4):393 - 407.
  46.  30
    Jewish social ethics.David Novak - 1992 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Leading contemporary Jewish thinker David Novak has here compiled ten of his essays on a variety of issues in Jewish ethics. Drawing constantly on classical Jewish tradition, Novak also looks at a wide range of modern critical scholarship on the ancient sources. He aims to point out certain common features of Jewish and Christian ethics and the normative implications of this overlapping of traditions; he assumes the reality of a "Judeo-Christian ethic," while refusing to minimize the doctrinal differences between (...)
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  47.  26
    States of War: Enlightenment Origins of the Political.David William Bates - 2011 - Columbia University Press.
    We fear that the growing threat of violent attack has upset the balance between existential concepts of political power, which emphasize security, and traditional notions of constitutional limits meant to protect civil liberties. We worry that constitutional states cannot, during a time of war, terror, and extreme crisis, maintain legality and preserve civil rights and freedoms. David Williams Bates allays these concerns by revisiting the theoretical origins of the modern constitutional state, which, he argues, recognized and made room for (...)
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  48.  33
    “Are We Fighting Yet?” Can Traditional Just War Concepts Cope with Contemporary Conflict and the Changing Character of War?David Whetham - 2016 - The Monist 99 (1):55-69.
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  49.  46
    Dewey and Video Games: From Education through Occupations to Education through Simulations.David I. Waddington - 2015 - Educational Theory 65 (1):1-20.
    Critics like Leonard Waks argue that video games are, at best, a dubious substitute for the rich classroom experiences that John Dewey wished to create and that, at worst, they are profoundly miseducative. Using the example of Fate of the World, a climate change simulation game, David Waddington addresses these concerns through a careful demonstration of how video games can recapture some of the lost potential of Dewey's original program of education through occupations. Not only do simulation games realize (...)
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  50.  10
    Solidarity and the root of the ethical.David Wiggins - 2008 - Kansas: Department of Philosophy, University of Kansas.
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