Članak predstavlja prikaz obilježavanja 50. obljetnice Hrvatskog filozofskog društva, koje se održalo u Zagrebu od 6. do 8. prosinca 2007., a uključivalo je simpozij Suvremena hrvatska filozofija, predstavljanje novih knjiga u izdanju Hrvatskog filozofskog društva, godišnju skupštinu Hrvatskog filozofskog društva, svečanu akademiju u povodu 50. obljetnice Hrvatskog filozofskog društva, te okrugli stol o Vladimiru Filipoviću, prvom predsjedniku Hrvatskog filozofskog društva.The paper outlines the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Croatian Philosophical Society that took place in Zagreb 6–8 December, 2007. (...) The event incorporated the symposium entitled Contemporary Croatian Philosophy, the presentation of books published by the Society, the annual assembly of the Society, the formal academy to mark the 50th anniversary, and the round table on Vladimir Filipović, the first president of the Croatian Philosophical Society. (shrink)

This paper pursues Eugen Fink’s dealing with Hegel’s philosophy. Unlike Heidegger, Fink comes to the conclusion that Hegel’s thought is not merely the achievement of Western metaphysics but contains approaches to overcoming it. In his interpretation, Fink seeks suggestions for a transition to a different way of thinking. He recognises the concept of force as the central concept of the Phenomenology of Spirit, through whichone is brought to Hegel’s highest philosophical principle of the Absolute as an infinitely moving while at (...) the same time resting all life. Despite its self-divisiveness, however, the Absolute in Hegel remains essentially reconciled with itself and unified. Fink contrasts this to his own view, according to which the Absolute remains determined by an irreconcilable dispute. For this, he leans on his own doctrine of the strife between Earth and Heaven as the essence of the post-metaphysically understood world where every trace of metaphysical substantiality has disappeared. (shrink)

We study versions of the tree pigeonhole principle, $\mathsf {TT}^1$, in the context of Weihrauch-style computable analysis. The principle has previously been the subject of extensive research in reverse mathematics, an outstanding question of which investigation is whether $\mathsf {TT}^1$ is $\Pi ^1_1$ -conservative over the ordinary pigeonhole principle, $\mathsf {RT}^1$. Using the recently introduced notion of the first-order part of an instance-solution problem, we formulate the analog of this question for Weihrauch reducibility, and give an affirmative answer. In combination (...) with other results, we use this to show that unlike $\mathsf {RT}^1$, the problem $\mathsf {TT}^1$ is not Weihrauch requivalent to any first-order problem. Our proofs develop new combinatorial machinery for constructing and understanding solutions to instances of $\mathsf {TT}^1$. (shrink)

There is an evident lack of studies examining the pursuit of excellence in futsal. The aims of this study were to evaluate anthropometric and physiological variables that may contribute to distinguishing among performance levels in professional futsal players and to evaluate correlates of those variables. The participants were 75 male professionals (age = 25.1 ± 5.1 years, body height = 182.3 ± 6.2 cm, body mass = 80.8 ± 10.4 kg), who were divided into performance levels using two criteria: (i) (...) starters (first teams) vs. non-starters (substitutes) and (ii) top-level players (members of the national team and players who participated in top-level team competition in Europe) vs. high-level players (team players competing at the highest national competitive rank). Variables included anthropometrics (body height and mass, BMI, body fat percentage), generic tests of physiological capacities [5- and 10-m sprints, countermovement jump, broad jump, 20-yard test, reactive strength index (RSI)], and futsal-specific fitness tests [kicking speed by dominant and non-dominant leg, futsal-specific tests of change of direction speed, and reactive agility (FSRAG) involving/not involving dribbling the ball]. Top-level players outperformed high-level players in RSI, broad jump, kicking speed, and FSRAG involving dribbling. Starters achieved better results than non-starters in fewer variables, including kicking speed and RSI. Body fat percentage negatively influenced FSRAG involving dribbling, and RSI. FSRAG, RSI, and kicking speed were significantly correlated, indicating the similar physiological background of these capacities. The findings suggest that enhanced reactive strength and the ability to rapidly change direction speed in response to external stimulus while executing futsal-specific motor tasks (e.g., dribbling), along with players’ ability to kick the ball speedily, can be considered essential qualities required for advanced performance in futsal. Consequently, futsal strength and conditioning training should be targeted toward lowering relative body fat, maximizing lower-body reactive strength and including futsal-specific skills (e.g., dribbling, shooting) in reactive agility drills. (shrink)

It was shown by Cholak, Jockusch, and Slaman that every computable 2-coloring of pairs admits an infinite low₂ homogeneous set H. We answer a question of the same authors by showing that H may be chosen to satisfy in addition $C\,\not \leqslant _T \,H$, where C is a given noncomputable set. This is shown by analyzing a new and simplified proof of Seetapun's cone avoidance theorem for Ramsey's theorem. We then extend the result to show that every computable 2-coloring of (...) pairs admits a pair of low₂ infinite homogeneous sets whose degrees form a minimal pair. (shrink)

We study the effective and proof-theoretic content of the polarized Ramsey’s theorem, a variant of Ramsey’s theorem obtained by relaxing the definition of homogeneous set. Our investigation yields a new characterization of Ramsey’s theorem in all exponents, and produces several combinatorial principles which, modulo bounding for ${\Sigma^0_2}$ formulas, lie (possibly not strictly) between Ramsey’s theorem for pairs and the stable Ramsey’s theorem for pairs.

Sorites is an ancient piece of paradoxical reasoning pertaining to sets with the following properties: elements of the set are mapped into some set of “attributes”; if an element has a given attribute then so are the elements in some vicinity of this element; and such vicinities can be arranged into pairwise overlapping finite chains connecting two elements with different attributes. Obviously, if Superveneince is assumed, then Tolerance implies lack of Connectedness, and Connectedness implies lack of Tolerance. Using a very (...) general but precise definition of “vicinity”, Dzhafarov & Dzhafarov offered two formalizations of these mutual contrapositions. Mathematically, the formalizations are equally valid, but in this paper, we offer a different basis by which to compare them. Namely, we show that the formalizations have different proof-theoretic strengths when measured in the framework of reverse mathematics: the formalization of is provable in$RC{A_0}$, while the formalization of is equivalent to$AC{A_0}$over$RC{A_0}$. Thus, in a certain precise sense, the approach of is more constructive than that of. (shrink)

According to event-causal libertarianism, an action is free in the sense relevant to moral responsibility when it is caused indeterministically by an agent’s beliefs, desires, intentions, or by their occurrences. This paper attempts to clarify one of the major objections to this theory: the objection that the theory cannot explain the relevance of indeterminism to this kind of freedom (known as free will). Christopher Evan Franklin (2011, 2018) has argued that the problem of explaining the relevance of indeterminism to free (...) will (which he calls “the problem of enhanced control”) arises because it is difficult to see how indeterminism could enhance our abilities, and disappears when we realize that beside the relevant abilities free will requires opportunities. In this paper, I argue that the problem occurs not because of the focus on abilities, but because of the difficulty to explain how indeterminism could contribute to the satisfaction of the sourcehood condition of free will in the framework of event-causal theory of action. (shrink)

Journal of Mathematical Logic, Volume 22, Issue 03, December 2022. Hirschfeldt and Jockusch (2016) introduced a two-player game in which winning strategies for one or the other player precisely correspond to implications and non-implications between [math] principles over [math]-models of [math]. They also introduced a version of this game that similarly captures provability over [math]. We generalize and extend this game-theoretic framework to other formal systems, and establish a certain compactness result that shows that if an implication [math] between two (...) principles holds, then there exists a winning strategy that achieves victory in a number of moves bounded by a number independent of the specific run of the game. This compactness result generalizes an old proof-theoretic fact noted by H. Wang (1981), and has applications to the reverse mathematics of combinatorial principles. We also demonstrate how this framework leads to a new kind of analysis of the logical strength of mathematical problems that refines both that of reverse mathematics and that of computability-theoretic notions such as Weihrauch reducibility, allowing for a kind of fine-structural comparison between [math] principles that has both computability-theoretic and proof-theoretic aspects, and can help us distinguish between these, for example by showing that a certain use of a principle in a proof is “purely proof-theoretic”, as opposed to relying on its computability-theoretic strength. We give examples of this analysis to a number of principles at the level of [math], uncovering new differences between their logical strengths. (shrink)

Svjetlo i sjena tvore pojmovni par koji i u okviru filozofije daje povoda za brojne aluzije . Svjetlost vrijedi, povijesno sagledano, kao paradigma prosvjetiteljstva . Karakteristično, u ovoj se paradigmi javlja kolebanje na prijelazu iz razdoblja prosvjetiteljstva u romantizam: dolazi do uzvisivanja sjene u jeku romantičnog preobraženja tamne strane ljudske egzistencije. Na primjeru novele Adelberta von Chamissa Čudnovata pripovijest Petra Schlemihla moguće je pregnantno ilustrirati spomenuti zaokret od svjetla ka sjeni. U ovom tekstu će biti predstavljena filozofska interpretacija otuđenja sjene (...) kao gubitka identiteta, kako je oslikano u pripovijesti. Nadovezujući se na tu interpretaciju, uslijedit će pokušaj određivanja strukture odnosa tijela i sjene kao poveznice s identitetom. Ni u kom slučaju sjena ne smije biti degradirana na puku popratnu pojavu, već smo je dužni promatrati kao ozbiljan element konstelacije u tvorbi identiteta . Iako njezinu pojavu obilježava kratkotrajnost, sjena je značajno implementirana u identitet tijela, s obzirom da je tijelo definirano upravo činjenicom da pri osvjetljivanju stvara sjenu. Uzajamnost se svjetla, tijela i sjene stoga primiče egzemplifikaciji alternativnog modela identiteta, analogno čemu jedno tek potencijalno obilježje predmeta u određenoj prilici postaje neophodno. Konceptom okazionalnog identiteta moguće je korigirati ontološki rigidno poimanje identiteta. (shrink)

U članku se pokušava odrediti svjetonazorno polazište bioetike, posebno one »integrativne «. Prvo će biti istaknut značaj tzv. pogleda na svijet za obrazovanje filozofskih pozicija. Zatim se pokreće pitanje o svjetonazornoj pozadini bioetičkih pozicija, pri čemu se kao njihov zajednički nazivnik pokazuje »bioprotekcionizam« kao vrsta umjerenog biocentrizma. Naposljetku se preispituje osnova integrativne bioetike koja inače ima zadatak promišljati svjetonazorne pretpostavke bioetičkih učenja. U tu svrhu će se ponuditi dvije interpretacije koje će rezultirati ukazivanjem na perspektivizam odnosno pluriperspektivizam kao onaj pogled (...) na svijet koji do izražaja dolazi upravo u integrativnoj bioetici.Im Aufsatz wird der Versuch unternommen, den weltanschaulichen Ausgangspunkt der Bioethik zu ermitteln, vor allem der „integrativen Bioethik“. Zuallererst wird die Bedeutung der sog. Weltanschauungen für die Bildung der philosophischen Positionen hervorgehoben. Des Weiteren wird die Frage nach dem weltanschaulichen Hintergrund der bioethischen Positionen aufgeworfen, wobei sich „Bioprotektionismus“, eine gemäßigte Variante des Biozentrismus, als ihr gemeinsamer Nenner erweist. Schließlich wird die Grundlage der integrativen Bioethik überprüft, die ansonsten die Aufgabe hat, die weltanschaulichen Voraussetzungen der bioethischen Lehren zu reflektieren. Zu diesem Zweck werden zwei Interpretationen angeboten, die zum Perspektivismus bzw. Pluriperspektivismus hinführen, als jener Weltanschauung, welche gerade in der integrativen Bioethik zur Geltung kommt. (shrink)

The stable Ramsey's theorem for pairs has been the subject of numerous investigations in mathematical logic. We introduce a weaker form of it by restricting from the class of all stable colorings to subclasses of it that are nonnull in a certain effective measure-theoretic sense. We show that the sets that can compute infinite homogeneous sets for nonnull many computable stable colorings and the sets that can compute infinite homogeneous sets for all computable stable colorings agree below $\emptyset'$ but not (...) in general. We also answer the analogs of two well-known questions about the stable Ramsey's theorem by showing that our weaker principle does not imply COH or WKL 0 in the context of reverse mathematics. (shrink)

In many simple integral domains, such as Z or Z[i], there is a straightforward procedure to determine if an element is prime by simply reducing to a direct check of finitely many potential divisors. Despite the fact that such a naive approach does not immediately translate to integral domains like Z[x] or the ring of integers in an algebraic number field, there still exist computational procedures that work to determine the prime elements in these cases. In contrast, we will show (...) how to computably extend Z in such a way that we can control the ordinary integer primes in any Π20 way, all while maintaining unique factorization. As a corollary, we establish the existence of a computable unique factorization domain such that the set of primes is Π20-complete in every computable presentation. (shrink)

This article attempts a critical interpretation of Klee’s basic thoughts on the source and essence of art, based primarily on his diary entries and his lectures at the Bauhaus. The starting point of the interpretation is Klee’s fundamentally dynamic assumption of the primacy of becoming and movement vis-à-vis static being. Each work of art, for Klee, is essentially movement, although as organized and structured by rhythm. The source of the rhythmic movement he recognizes as chaos, which he defines as the (...) most elemental fact, which precedes the difference of being and becoming, of rest and movement, and with which the artist in each of its creative acts must first identify. The elemental presence of chaos is the point, not an abstract and dead mathematical one, but one that is alive and moving, to which the force, tension, and impulse for movement essentially belongs. Every work of authentic art is the representation of the primal opposition of chaos and order, symbolized at first by the opposites of point and line. In the further development of this opposition, the multiple dimensions of contrast between straight and curved, vertical and horizontal, light and darkness as well as the various colors in their practically endless gradations coalesce within the work of art into a tension-wrought yet harmonically balanced arrangement. (shrink)

The article is an attempt to collect and present the basic outlines of Vanja Sutlić’s philosophy, that is, the “historical thinking”, as he named it, and which is in its intention post-philosophical and trans-philosophical. The starting point of the historical thinking is contained in the attitude that the Being, the essence of the man and the essence of a being are only in the relationship, from the relationship, and by the relationship. The all preceding relationship must not be considered as (...) purely abstract and formal, but as a living, dynamic framework, in the sense of what is understood by one of the leading words of the early Greek thought – harmonia. As the moments of the framework, the Being, the essence of the man and the essence of a being, in their entirety truly never are, but are always becoming, specifically, in the one-time historical-epochal constellation, i.e. in the historical event that is always essentially individuated. Sutlić finds the source of the relationship as such i.e. the historical event, in what was in the philosophical tradition considered and defined s “nothing”. It is in the “nothing” that he, deviating from the traditional definition in the sense of negation and absence, recognizes the positive, powerful and enabling occurrence of the historical individuation of the worlds, which is before all present in the essence of what we know as time and freedom. (shrink)

Doppelt argues that the democratic socialist conception of human freedom expressed in some recent works of mine lacks philosophical justification and fails to get to the roots of the socialist ideals of dignity, human worth, and self-respect. Doppelt claims to provide a new approach to the grounding of human freedom which allows him to avoid what he regards as the narrowness of my own conception. Not only does Doppelt fail to show that my own conception of freedom is confined to (...) self-management and cannot embrace the dimensions of social life his own paradigm is claimed to take care of, his article fails to raise or resolve the question of the conflict between the democratic socialist and the Rawlsian components that make up his 'new' paradigm. In this reply I discuss the issues Doppelt himself raises in connection with my own work: (1) how to ground human freedom; (2) whether my conception of freedom in democratic socialism is rationally preferable to the conception embodied in contemporary capitalist society; and (3) whether my idea of freedom does indeed exclude those dimensions of life to which Doppelt refers. (shrink)

Unchosen transformative experiences—transformative experiences that are imposed upon an agent by external circumstances—present a fundamental problem for agency: how does one act intentionally in circumstances that transform oneself as an agent, and that disrupt one’s core projects, cares, or goals? Drawing from William James’s analysis of conversion and Matthew Ratcliffe’s account of grief, I give a phenomenological analysis of transformative experiences as involving the restructuring of systems of practical meaning. On this analysis, an agent’s experience of the world is structured (...) by practically significant possibilities that form organized systems on the basis of the agent’s projects and relationships. Transformative experiences involve shifts to systems of possibility, that is, changes to habitual meanings and to how an agent’s projects are situated in relation to one another. I employ the enactivist notion of sense-making to analyze how an agent rebuilds the meaning structures disrupted by a transformative experience. In an unchosen transformative experience, an agent adjusts to a significant disruption through a process of sense-making in precarious conditions. By establishing new patterns of bodily and social interaction with the world, one alters the practical meanings of one’s surroundings, and thereby reconstitutes oneself as an intentional agent. (shrink)

Učenikova mogućnost izbora sadržaja učenja tijekom općeg obveznog obrazovanja važan je korak ka individualiziranom razvoju. Unatoč proklamiranim potrebama društva za razvojem kompetencija u tzv. STEM području, u hrvatskom su obrazovnom sustavu aktivnosti iz ovog područja najmanje zastupljene u kurikulumu općeg obrazovanja. Stoga je provedeno istraživanje interesa učenika za izbornu nastavu tehničke kulture te za aktivnosti koje bi odabrali kad bi mogli birati što će u školi učiti i raditi. Istraživanje je provedeno na stratificiranom uzorku učenika osnovnih škola u Hrvatskoj u (...) dobi od 11. do 15. godine života. Analizom rezultata istraživanja ustanovljeno je da su aktivnosti iz IKT-a, robotike, programiranja i modelarstva najatraktivnija područja za izbornu nastave tehničke kulture. Kad je riječ o aktivnostima u školi, učenici bi najradije odabrali sportske aktivnosti, a potom slijede informatičke, prirodoznanstvene i tehničke aktivnosti. Ovakav nalaz ukazuje na nužnu preobrazbu školskog kurikuluma koji će učenicima omogućiti razvoj u skladu s njihovim interesima. (shrink)

Der Artikel versucht, die vielfältige und komplexe Beziehung von Heideggers Denken zu Schellings Philosophie zu untersuchen und so genau wie möglich zu bestimmen. Von der anfänglichen Faszination für Schellings zentrale Schrift über die Freiheit, in der er bedeutende Analogien zu seinen eigenen Versuchen findet, die Endlichkeit der Freiheit und damit des Seins selbst nachzuweisen, wird sich Heidegger im weiteren Entwicklung seines Denkens von Schelling immer mehr und immer schärfer distanzieren, indem er ihm vorwirft, die Metaphysik nicht zu überwinden, sondern innerhalb (...) ihres Horizontes zu bleiben, wenn auch auf eine bemerkenswerte und in jeder Hinsicht respektable Weise. Die Angemessenheit dieses Urteils wird im Artikel durch einen kritischen Vergleich und eingehende Begriffsanalyse von Schellings Konzeption von Willen, Liebe, Ekstase und Indifferenz einerseits und Heideggers Auffassung von Bösem, Willen zum Willen, Kehre und Gelassenheit andererseits in Frage gestellt und allseitig überprüft. Als Ergebnis der Untersuchung kommt die sachliche Verwandtschaft dieser zentralen Konzepte der Spätphilosophie des einen und des anderen Denkers ans Licht, die viel größer ist als Heidegger bereit war, es zu sehen, zu akzeptieren und für die letzten Zwecke des eigenen Denkens zu verwenden. (shrink)

The paper starts with Jaspers’ comprehensive principle of faith which states that man is finite and imperfectible. Man’s finality is peculiar because it is marked by unclosedness. Man is conscious of his finality, so Jaspers concludes that inconclusiveness is a signum of man’s freedom. In this sense, the paper is dedicated to man as determined by freedom, Existenz determined by freedom which eludes investigation. In Jaspers, it is a matter of freedom which is at the same time a matter of (...) the relation of Existenz and transcendence: finality as Existenz for him means that man is gifted to himself thanks to transcendence, and he becomes conscious of transcendence thanks to freedom. The freedom of Existenz is in a dialectic of independence and dependence. Freedom leads Existenz beyond the world by way of ciphers to transcendence. For Jaspers, humanness is a matter of freedom in which lies the source of man’s action and self-consciousness. Humanness is not exhausted in knowledge but philosophical faith comes to the fore, the faith of man in his openness of possibilities by way of philosophy. The paper concludes with the view that a demand for meaning is made out to man as Existenz out of freedom as postulated by Jaspers. (shrink)

We present an overview of the topics in the title and of some of the key results pertaining to them. These have historically been topics of interest in computability theory and continue to be a rich source of problems and ideas. In particular, we draw attention to the links and connections between these topics and explore their significance to modern research in the field.

In the past few decades, a growth in ethical consumerism has led brands to increasingly develop conscientiousness and depict ethical image at a corporate level. However, most of the research studying business ethics in the field of corporate brand management is either conceptual or has been empirically conducted in relation to goods/products contexts. This is surprising because corporate brands are more relevant in services contexts, because of the distinct nature of services and the key role that employees have in the (...) services sector. Accordingly, this article aims at empirically examining the effects of customer perceived ethicality in the context of corporate services brands. Based on data collected for eight service categories using a panel of 2179 customers, the hypothesized structural model is tested using path analysis. The results show that, in addition to a direct effect, customer perceived ethicality has a positive and indirect effect on customer loyalty, through the mediators of customer affective commitment and customer perceived quality. Further, employee empathy positively influences the impact of customer perceived ethicality on customer affective commitment, and customer loyalty positively impacts customer positive word-of-mouth. The first implication of these results is that corporate brand strategy needs to be aligned with human resources policies and practices if brands want to turn ethical strategies into employee behavior. Second, corporate brands should build more authentic communications grounded in their ethical beliefs and supported by evidence from actual employees. (shrink)

The present study aims to identify contextual and psychological factors of proneness to radicalization and violent extremism operationalized through the Militant Extremist Mindset scale consisting of three distinct aspects: Proviolence, Vile World beliefs, and trust in Divine Power. A community sample of 271 high school students from Belgrade and Sandžak regions in Serbia completed: a 24-item MEM scale; contextual measures including a 6-item scale of family dysfunction and a 4-item composite measure capturing exposure to a harsh school environment and peer (...) abuse ; psychological measures including the 9-item Right-Wing Authoritarianism scale, the 5-item Social Dominance Orientation scale, and the 20-item UCLA Loneliness scale. A path analysis was conducted with contextual factors on the first and psychological factors on the second level of the model predicting the three factors of MEM. LON was positively predicted by FDys and HSE, SDO by HSE only, while RWA was positively predicted by FDys only. Contextual and psychological factors accounted for 27% of the variance in PV, 15% of the variance in VW, and 31% of the variance in DP. Obtained findings reveal a complex interplay of contextual and psychological drivers in the prediction of different aspects of RVE and build upon existing knowledge on risk factors associated with RVE. (shrink)

A necessary first step in collaboration between hypnosis research and meditation research is clarification of key concepts. The authors propose that such clarification is best advanced by neurophenomenological investigations that integrate neuroscience methods with phenomenological models based on first-person reports of hypnotic versus meditative experiences. Focusing on absorption, the authors argue that previous treatments of hypnosis and meditation as equivalent are incorrect, but that they can be fruitfully compared when characteristic features of the states described by these concepts are examined. (...) To this end, the authors use the “phenomenological and neurocognitive matrix of mindfulness” (PNM), a multidimensional model recently proposed by Lutz and colleagues. The authors compare focused attention meditation and open monitoring meditation with hypnosis across the dimensions of the PNM, using it to interpret empirical research on hypnosis, and to shed light on debates about the role of meta-awareness in hypnosis and the role of suggestion in meditation. (shrink)

In this paper, we present a method for introducing law students to the writing of legal documents. The method uses a machine-readable representation of the legal knowledge to support document assembly and to help the students to understand how the assembly is performed. The knowledge base consists of enacted legislation, document templates, and assembly instructions. We propose a system called LEDAS (LEgal Document Assembly System) for the interactive assembly of legal documents. It guides users through the assembly process and provides (...) explanations of the interconnection between input data and claims stated in the document. The system acts as a platform for practicing drafting skills and has great potential as an education tool. It allows teachers to configure the system for the assembly of some particular type of legal document and then enables students to draft the documents by investigating which information is relevant for these documents and how the input data shape the final document. The generated legal document is complemented by a graphical representation of legal arguments expressed in the document. The system is based on existing legal standards to facilitate its introduction in the legal domain. Applicability of the system in the education of future lawyers is positively evaluated by the group of law students and their TA. (shrink)