La representación y la complejidad de este concepto se exponen para comprender que —como dice Gombrich— «no se representa lo que se ve, sino que se ve lo que se representa ». La identidad femenina transmitida por los medios de comunicación responde antes a la figura de la paradoja que a la de la recreación de un nuevo sujeto como procura el feminismo. Pero más complejo aún, identidades de mujeres y medios de comunicación presentan diferentes propuestas y perfiles en los (...) diversos soportes: revistas, televisión, radio, prensa, Internet. Presentarlas y destacar sus conflictos ayudará a comprender esta compleja relación entre soportes mediáticos y feminismo. (shrink)

A cross-cultural analysis of trust and cooperation networks in Northern Ghana (NGHA) and Oaxaca (OAX) was carried out by means of ego networks and interviews. These regions were chosen because both are inhabited by several ethnic groups, thus providing a good opportunity to test the cultural group selection hypothesis. Against the predictions of this approach, we found that in both regions cooperation is grounded in personal trust groups, and that social cohesion depends on these emotional bonds. Moreover, in agreement with (...) Fiske's notion of “evolved proclivities”, we also found two distinct kinds of trust networks, one for each region, which vary in terms of the degree of ethnic interrelation. This pattern suggests that social cohesion increases when environmental resources are scarce. (shrink)

The moral value of health : health as a basic human need -- The human right to health and its corresponding responsibilities -- States and natural persons as subjects of justice -- Pharmaceutical transnational corporations as subjects of justice -- The global health governance of the global health crisis.

In this paper, we bring together Foucault's biography and oeuvre to explore key concepts that support the analysis of nurses' acts of resistance. Foucault reflected on the power relations taking place in health services, making his contribution especially useful for the analysis of resistance in this context. Over three decades, he proposed a nonnormative philosophy while concomitantly engaging in transgressive practices guided by values such as human rights and social justice. Hence, Foucault's philosophy and public activism are an apparent contradiction, (...) but we argue that when analysed together they allow for a different understanding of his work. We describe the evolution of the concept of resistance in Foucault's work, supported by the approaches of Brent Picket (1996) and Miguel Morey (2013). Foucault started his work considering the idea of transgressiveness as it connects to being at the margins of society. He then spent considerable time elaborating the concept of power and identifying resistance strategies as forms of power exercise. In doing so, he considered that people engage with social change from multiple positions, including limited desire for change, fomenting reforms, or engaging in everyday revolutionary acts. As he further elaborated on power relations and defined resistance, Foucault asserted that resistance involves both repressive and productive dimensions of power, governance of biological life, state governance, and deliberate practices of illegalisms. Finally, Foucault shifted his attention to the freedom of ethical subjects, proposing the use of counter‐conduct and counter‐discourses to speak truth against oppression. Such framework offers a comprehensive lens for analysing nurses' acts of resistance within the complexities of the healthcare system and in society. In summary, Foucault's conceptual framework on resistance expands the role of nurses, to understand them not only as caregivers, but also as political agents capable of confronting and transforming oppressive institutional practices. (shrink)

Combines text with colorful photographs to chronicle the species of animals and plants that are biological relics of a bygone era.

Satisfaction systems and reductions between them are presented as an appropriate context for analyzing the satisfiability and the validity problems. The notion of reduction is generalized in order to cope with the meet-combination of logics. Reductions between satisfaction systems induce reductions between the respective satisfiability problems and (under mild conditions) also between their validity problems. Sufficient conditions are provided for relating satisfiability problems to validity problems. Reflection results for decidability in the presence of reductions are established. The validity problem in (...) the meet-combination is proved to be decidable whenever the validity problem for the components are decidable. Several examples are discussed, namely, involving modal and intuitionistic logics, as well as the meet-combination of modal logic and intuitionistic logic. (shrink)

The attitude toward mathematics is shaped by cognitive components such as beliefs and cognitive processes. However, the importance of cognitive processes in attitude toward mathematics has not yet been researched. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the role of cognitive processes, creativity and cognitive flexibility, in the attitude toward mathematics of future teachers. For that purpose, 218 University students and preservice teachers, completed assignments on creativity and cognitive flexibility and a questionnaire on attitude toward mathematics. The results showed that the (...) use of innovative details (a creativity subscale) rises the probability of exhibiting a positive attitude toward mathematics by 1.81. Besides, cognitive flexibility rises this probability by 2.32. The conclusion is that both, details and cognitive flexibility act as good predictors of a positive attitude toward mathematics. This has implications for educational practice in the planning of mathematics instruction in higher education, specifically, in future teachers. (shrink)

1. In her latest book (Jefferson, 2022), “Are Mental Disorders Brain Disorders?”, Anneli Jefferson (AJ) argues that mental disorders can be considered brain disorders when they involve brain dysfun...

Wines with geographical indication can be classified and represented by such features as designations of origin, producers, vintage years, alcoholic strength, and grape varieties; these features allow us to define wines in terms of a set of necessary and/or sufficient conditions. However, wines can also be identified by other characteristics, involving their look, smell, and taste; in this case, it is hard to define wines in terms of necessary and/or sufficient conditions, as wine concepts exhibit typicality effects. This is a (...) setback for the design of computer science ontologies aiming to represent wine concepts, since knowledge representation formalisms commonly adopted in this field do not allow for the representation of concepts in terms of typical traits. To solve this problem, we propose to adopt a hybrid approach in which ontology-oriented formalisms are combined with a geometric representation of knowledge based on conceptual spaces. As in conceptual spaces, concepts are identified in terms of a number of quality dimensions. In order to determine those relevant for wine representation, we use the terminology developed by the Italian Association of Sommeliers to describe wines. This will allow us to understand typicality effects about wines, determine prototypes and better exemplars, and measure the degree of similarity between different wines. (shrink)

En la gran discusión pública en torno a la pandemia de la COVID-19 fueposible identificar cuatro líneas argumentales que contenían un análisis delevento pandémico, una valoración y una predicción o propuesta futuro. Laprimera fue la de la negación o el engaño bajo el paradigma del Estado deexcepción permanente. La segunda cifró el peligro en la posible inacción delos Estados y en la consiguiente violación de la dignidad humana. La terceraconsideró la pandemia un acelerador de la crisis de los sistemas democráticosy (...) del triunfo del capitalismo tecnológico. Finalmente, la cuarta líneaargumental anunció el advenimiento de un momento único de catarsis colectiva.El objeto de este artículo es repensar con la perspectiva del tiempo losmarcos interpretativos que iluminaron un debate que todavía hoy no puededarse por cerrado. (shrink)

Las Instituciones Nacionales de Derechos Humanos cumplen, fundamentalmente, con dos funciones: proteger a las personas a partir de recomendaciones, garantizándoles una reparación si se comente una violación a sus derechos, y prevenir futuras violaciones a los derechos humanos. Sobre esta base están llamadas a ser los organismos que guíen hacia una cultura ciudadana a favor de los derechos humanos. Para lograr la culturización en este campo, se requiere educar en derechos a través de la educación formal e informal. En el (...) caso de México, la Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos es la institución encargada de realizar esta labor. Su posición flexible y dinámica, así como su autonomía dentro del Estado mexicano, le dan la posibilidad de propiciar esa cultura, ya que es una institución de configuración diferente al sistema tradicional de impartición de justicia, por lo que hace que mantenga una línea de investigación enfocada en los derechos humanos. La culturización empieza por el ámbito nacional o interno y se debe extender hacia el exterior, como un movimiento social internacional. (shrink)

El artículo se concentra en el cruce conceptual y político de dos escrituras, las de Frantz Fanon y Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari, en el momento en que trabajan una crítica a la representación como categoría filosófica y política. Aprovechamos las inducciones que están en él para trazar nuestra propia intervención en dicha crítica. Hemos puesto en contacto estas dos escrituras porque apostamos a comprenderlas dentro de un movimiento crítico de la modernidad, pero también de la colonialidad. Esta última categoría, (...) con frecuencia escamoteada, permite conectar textos, conceptos y escrituras para entender la dimensión organizacional de los cuerpos en la diferencia colonial y en la racialización. Los textos de Fanon son anteriores, cronológicamente hablando, a los de Deleuze y Guattari. No obstante, los tres autores participan del proceso crítico que se inició a mediados de siglo XX, en particular a partir del movimiento histórico de la descolonización. Si bien cada una de estas escrituras apunta inicialmente a audiencias distintas, ambas ofrecen intervenciones asimilables entre sí para una heurística en nuestro presente de la relación modernidad/colonialidad. Abstract This article focuses on the conceptual and political crossroads of two contemporary writings, Frantz Fanon´s and Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari´s, and it read them in the precise moment they develop a critique of representation as a philosophical and political category. We take inductions that are in it to draw our own involvement in such criticism. Both writings are committed not only to produce a critical movement of modernity but also of coloniality, especially Fanon. The latter category, often retracted, is crucial to connect texts and concepts to understand the organizational dimension of bodies in the colonial difference and racialization. Fanon´s texts predate, chronologically speaking, to Deleuze and Guattari work. However, both are part of the critical process that began in the mid-twentieth century, particularly from the historical movement of decolonization. While each of these writings is initially aimed at different audiences, both offer comparable interventions which make sense for a heuristic, in our present, of modern/colonial relationships. (shrink)

Review of Mădălina Moraru, Mit și publicitate (Myth and advertising) (Bucharest: Nemira, 2009).

RESUMEN La discapacidad que afecta a la población infantil constituye un problema emergente; diagnosticarla y tratarla de manera integral es parte del trabajo diario del profesional de Enfermería en la atención primaria de salud. Durante el estudio se identificaron carencias en las habilidades profesionales de los licenciados en Enfermería respecto a este saber. Se aplicó un entrenamiento encaminado al desarrollo de habilidades profesionales especializadas para la atención integral a la discapacidad infantil en este personal. Por ello el objetivo del presente (...) trabajo está dirigido a exponer los resultados del entrenamiento. Los métodos y técnicas empleados incluyeron la observación científica, encuesta, entrevista, la técnica de grupo focal y el criterio de expertos. El entrenamiento se sometió al criterio de expertos. Se corroboró su impacto positivo como una vía importante para la preparación y desarrollo de habilidades profesionales en la muestra seleccionada. ABSTRACT The disability that affects the children population constitutes an emergent problem; to diagnose it and to treat it as an integral way is a part of the daily work of the professional of Infirmary in the primary health care. During the study, lacks in the professional skills of the Bachelors of Infirmary with regard to this know ledge were identified. There was applied a training directed to the development of specialized professional skills for the integral attention to the infant disability in this personnel. That is why the objective of the present work is directed to exhibit the results of the training. The methods and techniques used included the scientific observation, polls, interviews, the technique of focal group and the experts' criteria. The training was surrendered to the experts' criteria. It was corroborated its positive impact as an important route for the preparation and development of professional skills in the chosen sample. (shrink)

A partir de un texto de Arturo Andrés Roig, se propone un ejercicio reflexivo acerca de la dimensión antropológica del problema del ser y del tener. A través de la confrontación de dos relatos míticos pertenecientes a tradiciones diferentes, una de origen indoeuropeo y otra latinoamericana, se muestra la posibilidad de interpelar y replantear la pregunta por lo humano atendiendo a los principios de entidad y de tenencia que la atraviesan, de modo complejo, fáctica y axiológicamente. El artículo invita a (...) revisar los registros dualistas de los interrogantes antropológicos y abrir otras posibilidades desde los modos como los sujetos se objetivan y reconocen como tales a través de los diferentes discursos. Based on a text written by the philosopher Arturo Andrés Roig, we propose an exercise in order to analyze the anthropological dimension of the problem present in the essence of being and having. Taking into account the confrontation of two mythical tales belonging to different traditions, one from Indo-European origin, the other from Latin American origin, we suggest to reconsider and question the problem from a human point of view giving emphasis on the principles of being and having. The problem is studied in a factual and an axiological way. This article is an invitation to revise the dualist registers of anthropological questions and to open up to other possibilities as regards the ways in which subjects are objectified and recognized through different discourses. (shrink)

El artículo constituye un acercamiento a las razones que sustentan la necesidad de elevar la calidad de la orientación a las familias de niños en la primera infancia y su objetivo consistió en capacitar al personal de la salud para desarrollar la orientación familiar en función de la prevención de desviaciones en el desarrollo en esta etapa. En él se aborda el rol que tiene la familia en la formación de los niños y la incidencia de los médicos y enfermeras (...) en su orientación; se encuentran reflexiones y comentarios sobre cómo elevar la calidad de la orientación para que la familia pueda desarrollar, en las condiciones de convivencia familiar, la prevención de desviaciones en el desarrollo mediante la realización de un proceso educativo de calidad. The article is an approach to the reasons that support the need to improve the quality of the guidance given to families of early childhood children and its objective consisted on training health staff to develop family guidance according to the prevention of deviations in development during this stage. It deals with the role family plays in children's education and the impact of doctors and nurses on its guidance. Thoughts and comments on how to improve the quality of guidance can also be found so that the family can develop, on family living conditions, the prevention of deviations in development through a quality educational process. (shrink)

Digital Humanities is a research field engaged in exploring how humanities scholarship is transformed and extended by the digital and vice versa. The core practice of DH research is modelling which implies the translation of complex systems of knowledge into computationally processable models. In our work we contextualise DH practices within a semiotic framework; namely we consider modelling as a strategy to make sense via practical thinking. A semiotic approach of this kind contributes to stress the dynamic nature of models (...) and modelling, and to reinstate in renewed terms the understanding of modelling as open process of signification enacting a triadic cooperation. Referring to Peirce classification of hypoicons, we reflect on some DH examples of modelling in the form of images, diagrams and metaphors, claiming that a semiotic understanding of modelling could ultimately allow us to surpass the duality object versus model. We thus propose to consider modelling as a creative and highly pragmatic process of thinking and reasoning in which metaphors assume a central role and where meaning is negotiated through the creation and manipulation of external representations combined with an imaginative use of formal and informal languages. (shrink)

Esse artigo parte de um relato de compreensão recente de sua autora como mulher negra de pele clara. Evocam-se, a partir daí, temas referentes ao pertencimento racial, no caminho percorrido até essa autodeclaração, e se põem em relevo, em perspectiva sócio-histórica, dispositivos como colorismo e tokenismo, a fim de se investigar o entendimento de si como pessoa negra e as formas pelas quais a branquitude pretende controlar relações e interações entre pessoas de diferentes tonalidades de pele.

Este trabalho pretende oferecer uma exposição e caracterização de certas marcas do Idealismo Transcendental presente na primeira Crítica de Kant. Para a realização dos presentes propósitos teremos como apoio algumas passagens do Prefácio à segunda edição da Crítica da razão pura, determinados pontos da Estética Transcendental, bem como tomaremos enquanto base de nossas reflexões a sexta seção da antinomia da razão pura, presente na Crítica da razão pura, denominada de “O idealismo transcendental como chave para a solução da dialética cosmológica”. (...) Entendemos que Kant apresenta, nessa parte de sua Crítica, a caracterização específica e a peculiaridade decisiva do Idealismo Transcendental da Crítica da razão pura. Nossa investigação seguirá as seguintes etapas: i) apresentação da Revolução Copernicana em filosofia proposta por Kant, pois consideramos tal revolução – a mudança de método e no modo de pensar o conhecimento em geral, bem como, em específico, o conhecimento metafísico – o primeiro passo do filósofo em direção ao seu idealismo; ii) elucidação de algumas das conseqüências que Kant extrai das considerações realizadas por ele acerca do espaço e do tempo na Estética Transcendental, as quais assinalam, como diz Kant, a “prova direta” do idealismo transcendental, ou seja, da idealidade transcendental dos fenômenos; iii) análise e exposição da já citada sexta seção, na qual Kant oferece o que pensamos ser uma caracterização propriamente dita do Idealismo Transcendental da Crítica da razão pura, isto é, o tipo particular de idealidade que Kant atribui a todos os objetos do nosso conhecimento. (shrink)

Alasdair MacIntyre ao realizar uma série de críticas à moralidade e filosofia moral modernas e contemporâneas defende a tese de que o desacordo moral e a ausência de justificação racional para a moralidade é fruto do abandono do elemento teleológico da ética, especialmente do abandono da ética aristotélica, o que o leva a propor a retomada da ética teleológica de Aristóteles. Essa retomada é justificada com a teoria da racionalidade das tradições, por meio da afirmação de que o modo tradicional (...) de investigação é o melhor e que a tradição aristotélico-tomista corresponde a uma tradição moral superior às suas rivais. Com sua adesão a essa tradição MacIntyre vai apontar Tomás de Aquino como o teórico que conseguiu reunir todas as características do modo tradicional de investigação moral, integrando a tradição aristotélica e a agostiniana, o que fez com que o próprio MacIntyre se aproximasse e se apropriasse cada vez de elementos fundamentais do Tomismo. O Tomismo de MacIntyre, por sua vez, sofre uma série de críticas e objeções, especialmente em relação às tensões que se estabelecem no interior do pensamento do autor, que em After Virtue prometia um pensamento secular e pragmático. Este trabalho tratará dessa tensão e de algumas críticas direcionadas ao Tomismo de MacIntyre. (shrink)

This paper focuses on the conceptualization of anger as viewed from two disciplinary perspectives: Conceptual Metaphor Theory and emotion psychology. In the first study, twenty varieties of anger lexicalized in three languages are characterized using the Metaphorical Profile Approach, a quantitative corpus-based assessment of the meaning of emotion words in metaphorical contexts. In the second study, the same set of lexemes is analyzed using a psycholinguistic feature-rating instrument adapted to the study of near-synonyms. Our results demonstrate congruence of the two (...) methods in unveiling the internal organization of the anger family of terms in each language, and the reasons for this organization. In particular, the metaphorical and the feature-based profiles provide consistent insight about variation in bodily heat, expressiveness, regulation, action tendencies, regulation, and the temporal characteristics of anger experiences. To conclude, we discuss the mutual complementarity of the two profiling methodologies and their relevance for a wider research context. (shrink)

Desde o início da teorização freudiana, inibição, defesa e censura são processos que devem incidir sobre as pulsões. O primitivo pulsional precisa ser reprimido ou transformado. Este artigo problematiza a relação entre as pulsões sexuais e a defesa psíquica, ao longo do período pré-psicanalítico e da primeira tópica freudiana. Situamos o conflito entre sexualidade e repressão, apontado por Freud como característico das psiconeuroses, enquanto que nas neuroses atuais a angústia está relacionada a um registro quantitativo e não exatamente a um (...) conflito psíquico. Nesse caso, revela-se desencontros entre um sexual corpóreo e sua representação psíquica. Pretende-se, neste trabalho, evidenciar o caráter negativo das pulsões e pôr em relevo a natureza do antagonismo que se opõe às pulsões sexuais. A formulação das pulsões de autoconservação como aquilo que deve se contrapor às pulsões sexuais não esclarece completamente porque é imperativo que algo aconteça face às vivências pulsionais fundantes do aparelho. A satisfação em estado bruto acarreta prejuízos, tanto do ponto de vista psíquico quanto social; logo, a repressão das pulsões sexuais é condição necessária para a existência individual e coletiva. Evidencia-se assim algo específico do humano, afinal, se toda a natureza funciona afirmando o instinto, a espécie humana somente se desenvolve a partir de sua negação. A partir de tais construções teóricas, questiona-se se a psicanálise ainda permanece demasiadamente tributária de uma concepção de natureza revestida de pressupostos morais, sustentando a noção de que tenha que ser continuamente negada, afastada, coagida e domesticada, em prol de construções sociais bastante questionáveis, porém acatadas como necessárias. (shrink)

Savant aux intérêts multiples--historiques, scientifiques et religieux, connu et estimé dans l'Europe du XVIIIe siècle, bien qu'ayant très peu publié de son vivant, Firmin Abauzit reste à beaucoup d'égards un mystère. Comment ce réfugié huguenot, arrivé à Genève encore enfant après la révocation de l'édit de Nantes, a-t-il pu bénéficier d'une réputation flatteuse dans la ville d'accueil alors que ses opinions hétérodoxes sur la trinité ou la christologie ou les prophéties bibliques étaient notoires? Au-delà des étiquettes faciles, quelle était la (...) nature exacte de son hétérodoxie? Comment sa légendaire 'modestie', qui lui a fait refuser honneurs et charges publiques, se concilie-t-elle avec le fait de laisser copier et circuler abondamment en Europe ses manuscrits? Quel rapport existe-t-il entre une telle circulation et son refus obstiné d'autoriser la publication de ses travaux? Comment interpréter, dans son cas, la tension entre réputation et publication? À ces questions, souvent escamotées ou abordées dans une visée hagiographique, le volume répond par une réflexion large qui croise l'histoire des religions, de la littérature, de la philosophie et du fait religieux. Une approche qui intègre des aspects peu ou pas du tout étudiés de la vaste production de l'auteur, tels que le rapport entre idolâtrie et religion, ou sa lecture de textes déistes anglais, ou encore ses écrits de controverse confessionnelle, mais qui reprend aussi, en les renouvelant, des thèmes plus classiques, comme la célèbre note de Rousseau sur Abauzit philosophe ou les éditions concurrentes qui ont été publiées peu après la mort du savant"--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

In recent years, children and young people (CYP) have been increasingly included in patient and public involvement (PPI) in health research and innovation. Such initiatives intend to give a voice to CYP in such matters. Given that it is debated whether PPI in health care fosters the values of participation, public discussion and decision making put forward by deliberative democracy, this article examines three sets of challenges concerning the involvement of CYP by focusing on age biases. After describing some existing (...) initiatives, the paper critically examines why CYP are involved, how the CYP group is constituted and then investigates the moral status of CYP in biomedical settings. It shows that the rationale for involving CYP in PPI is mainly top-down and adult-centric, thereby questioning the authentic participation in decision making. It also suggests that to ensure democratic inclusion, the CYP group should be constituted by considering both age and politics. Lastly, the article indicates that, despite the increasing recognition of child-specific rights, the sociocultural norms and power dynamics in pediatrics undermine their moral status and challenge political equality. These three sets of considerations offer a preliminary theoretical contribution toward improving democratic legitimacy and representation of CYP in health research and innovation. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el concepto de responsabilidad y los procesos para su institucionalización promovidos por las universidades jesuitas subrayando su singularidad y valor frente a otros modelos y estrategias de responsabilidad social universitaria. Ese enfoque de responsabilidad está cimentado en una noción de justicia pensada en términos globales y fundada en la solidaridad, que pone de manifiesto la insuficiencia del enfoque de la responsabilidad como obligación. Su énfasis lo dirige hacia una responsabilidad política compartida que aspira (...) a la transformación de las injusticias estructurales. Este es uno de los rasgos propios de la Identidad y Misión de las universidades jesuitas. En el artículo se identifican los contornos de esa propuesta de responsabilidad encarnada en el ámbito social y se examina su carácter diferenciador frente a otras propuestas impulsadas desde las universidades para definir su compromiso con el entorno. (shrink)