A cross-cultural analysis of trust and cooperation networks in Northern Ghana (NGHA) and Oaxaca (OAX) was carried out by means of ego networks and interviews. These regions were chosen because both are inhabited by several ethnic groups, thus providing a good opportunity to test the cultural group selection hypothesis. Against the predictions of this approach, we found that in both regions cooperation is grounded in personal trust groups, and that social cohesion depends on these emotional bonds. Moreover, in agreement with (...) Fiske's notion of “evolved proclivities”, we also found two distinct kinds of trust networks, one for each region, which vary in terms of the degree of ethnic interrelation. This pattern suggests that social cohesion increases when environmental resources are scarce. (shrink)

La discussione generale sulla filosofia della scienza contemporanea è complicata dal numero e dall’eterogeneità delle scienze, mentre lo studio di temi specifici porta inevitabilmente a dissertazioni specialistiche che mancano nel dare ragione della trama di senso sottostante. Questo Piccolo trattato di epistemologia intende occupare uno spazio vuoto, proponendo alcuni temi chiave per la comprensione dei meccanismi alla base della conoscenza scientifica: i rapporti tra filosofia e scienze, siano esse naturali o umane; la complessa relazione tra fatti e valori; la distinzione (...) tra scoperta e giustificazione; la necessità di un discorso etico sulla ricerca, che chiami in causa categorie come fiducia, empatia, altruismo ed egoismo. Con un approccio chiaro e rigoroso, il volume intende rivolgersi a quell’ampia fascia di pubblico interessata alle tematiche centrali dell’epistemologia, della filosofia e delle scienze. (shrink)

O recasamento tem ocorrido com bastante frequência, principalmente como decorrência do número de separações e divórcios. Nesta pesquisa, buscou-se compreender a percepção dos filhos ante as mudanças ocorridas em suas vidas devido ao recasamento, de um ou de ambos os genitores, especialmente, no que ..

This study explores the intra-organizational antecedents of sustainable governance by examining the impact of female presence at the corporate apex. Drawing upon the upper echelon theory, we investigate whether women in top positions influence sustainable governance practices. Our research focuses on a sample of companies operating within two distinct market economies: liberal market economies (LMEs) and coordinated market economies (CMEs). The United States, represented by the S&P100, and the United Kingdom, represented by the FTSE100, serve as examples of LMEs. Conversely, (...) Germany (DAX30), France (CAC40), Spain (IBEX35), and Switzerland (SMI) are illustrative of CMEs. Analyzing archival data spanning from 2010 to 2019, we confirm that the presence of a critical mass of women on the board of directors significantly increases the likelihood of establishing a sustainability committee within organizations. This relationship holds true across both LMEs and CMEs, highlighting the universal importance of gender diversity in driving sustainable governance initiatives. Interestingly, we observe that the impact of women with structural power on sustainability committee formation is specific to LMEs, suggesting the context-dependent nature of female leadership in sustainable governance. (shrink)

I testi biblici si guardano, rinviano l'uno all'altro, si citano si rispecchiano l'uno nell'altro, e il frutto di tale rispecchiamento precipita a formare nuovi strati testuali.

El artículo constituye un acercamiento a las razones que sustentan la necesidad de elevar la calidad de la orientación a las familias de niños en la primera infancia y su objetivo consistió en capacitar al personal de la salud para desarrollar la orientación familiar en función de la prevención de desviaciones en el desarrollo en esta etapa. En él se aborda el rol que tiene la familia en la formación de los niños y la incidencia de los médicos y enfermeras (...) en su orientación; se encuentran reflexiones y comentarios sobre cómo elevar la calidad de la orientación para que la familia pueda desarrollar, en las condiciones de convivencia familiar, la prevención de desviaciones en el desarrollo mediante la realización de un proceso educativo de calidad. The article is an approach to the reasons that support the need to improve the quality of the guidance given to families of early childhood children and its objective consisted on training health staff to develop family guidance according to the prevention of deviations in development during this stage. It deals with the role family plays in children's education and the impact of doctors and nurses on its guidance. Thoughts and comments on how to improve the quality of guidance can also be found so that the family can develop, on family living conditions, the prevention of deviations in development through a quality educational process. (shrink)

Con el objetivo de diseqar una propuesta de modificacisn al programa de la formacisn de enfermeros y sugerir la inclusisn de temas sobre la discapacidad infantil, que permitan instruir al personal en formacisn, se realizs un estudio descriptivo cualitativo, en dos etapas, en la primera, mediante entrevistas se recogis la opinisn del claustro de profesores de la Licenciatura en Enfermerma de la Universidad de Ciencias Midicas de Camag|ey, en una segunda etapa se aplics el mitodo de Panel de Expertos, en (...) el que participaron diez expertos seleccionados de manera intencional a partir de su prestigio, experiencia y vinculacisn a la docencia, en lo referido al tema. Se analizaron los programas rectores de la carrera de formacisn en Enfermerma. El analisis de los mismos permitis apreciar aspectos tan importantes como el trabajo con la familia del discapacitado, o los procedimientos propios del manejo en el domicilio del discapacitado, los cuales no son objeto de estudio en la carrera. Se diseqs una estrategia curricular teniendo en cuenta los objetivos pedagsgicos a cumplimentar con las modificaciones propuestas. Se impone la necesidad de incluir en los programas de estudios aspectos relacionados con esta compleja tematica. Constituye un reto entonces para la universidad continuar desarrollando estrategias que permitan el desarrollo del proceso docente educativo y garanticen calidad en el egresado. In order to design a modification proposal to the nurses training program and suggest the inclusion of topics on the child disability, enabling to instruct staff in training, a qualitative descriptive study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, opinions through interviews to the staff of the Nursing Faculty of the University of Medical Sciences of Camag|ey were collected. In the second stage, the method of Experts Panel was applied. Ten experts were chosen intentionally taking into account their prestige, experience and links to teaching in regard to the subject. Guiding programs of the career of nursing training were analyzed. This analysis gave the possibility to appreciate important aspects, such as the work with the family of disabled children, and management procedures in their home, which are not the object of study in the career. A curricular strategy was designed taking into account the educational objectives to be fulfilled with the proposed modifications. It is necessary to include those aspects related to this complex subject in the programs. To continue developing strategies that allow improving the educational teaching process and ensuring the quality of graduated students represents a challenge to the University. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta os aspectos liberais e republicanos da filosofia política de Rousseau e defende que eles devem ser interpretados como complementares. Entretanto, essa complementaridade pode ser caracterizada num sentido específico, qual seja, como sendo um liberalismo republicano.

Gian Aldo Antonelli and Cristina Bicchieri. Backwards Forwards Induction.

Rousseau es conocido por ser un autor polémico, por su defensa de la bondad de la naturaleza humana, de la libertad del hombre, por la crítica a la sociedad, por haberse ocupado de pensar la educación, la sociedad, la ley, el hombre; también es conocido por la originalidad de su obra reflejo de su compleja personalidad. En esta lección, presentaremos el pensamiento de Rousseau, que creemos, encuentra su fuente en su individualidad, en su intento por pensar el hombre, su intimidad, (...) la sociedad, sus instituciones; y, lo hace con una particular fuerza porque si bien, creemos que su punto de partida es la individualidad, no se restringe a ésta, al contrario, va más allá y nos plantea una problemática de carácter general. (shrink)

A brief theoretical review of the current state of the art of embodiment research in clinical psychology has been expounded in order to highlight the key role that embodied conceptualization has on the understanding and explanation of several mental disorders, such as eating disorders, schizophrenia and depression. Evidence has suggested that mental disorders may be explained as disturbances of embodiment, from the disembodiment to the hyperembodiment. In order to understand how some clinical conditions are affected by cultural models, we propose (...) and define a new framework called Exbodiment, complementary to the Embodiment approach to cognition. Mental disorder is strictly related to the subject-culture interaction that may be explained as a two way process in which embodiment and exbodiment are complementary points of view. In this perspective, embodiment may be seen as the “top-down” process, while exbodiment the “bottom-up” one. The introduction of exbodiment conceptualization highlights how subject is both receiver and interpreter of social influence. Subject is the target of a cultural pressure and, at the same time, enacts its own embodied culture in world. Exbodiment conceptualization may help clinicians to better understand and explain the role of culture in the onset and maintenance of mental disorders. (shrink)

This article examines the conditions of internet access and uses by children and young people from socially disadvantaged environments in Portugal. Adapting the EU Kids Online questionnaire, a sample of 279 participants in an intervention program on digital inclusion was interviewed in order to analyze their online experiences, bearing in mind the EU Kids Online results and the wider debate on digital inclusion. This issue was examined at two levels: access, and practices and uses. Although economic deprivation, parents’ low educational (...) attainment and children’s age and gender seem to matter in terms of access, reported uses were analogous to the average Portuguese and EU Kids Online data. However, with these children apparently being more oriented towards entertainment and having less informational skills, it is questionable if policies that merely assure access are entirely sufficient. Nevertheless, one cannot say straightforwardly that ‘social exclusion’ equates ‘digital exclusion’. (shrink)

Creer que la construcción de la existencia es poética y religiosa, de modo que la vida se realice plenamente. Creer que la manera portuguesa de pensar, más cerca de la concepción que del concepto, encuentra en el pensador del mundo que será una de sus expresiones más claras y profundas. La reflexión..

Social cooperation often relies on individuals’ spontaneous norm obedience when there is no punishment for violation or reward for compliance. However, people do not consistently follow pro-social norms. Previous studies have suggested that an individual’s tendency toward norm conformity is affected by empirical information (i.e., what others did or would do in a similar situation) as well as by normative information (i.e., what others think one ought to do). Yet little is known about whether people have an intrinsic desire to (...) obtain norm-revealing information. In this paper, we use a dictator game to investigate whether dictators actively seek norm-revealing information and, if so, whether they prefer to get empirical or normative information. Our data show that although the majority of dictators choose to view free information before making decisions, they are equally likely to choose empirical or normative information. However, a large majority (more than 80%) of dictators are not willing to incur even a very small cost for getting information. Our findings help to understand why norm compliance is context-dependent, and highlight the importance of making norm-revealing information salient in order to promote conformity. (shrink)