Organizations have long struggled to find ways to reduce the occurrence of unethical behaviors by employees. Unfortunately, time theft, a common and costly form of ethical misconduct at work, has been understudied by ethics researchers. In order to remedy this gap in the literature, we used the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate the antecedents of time theft, which includes behaviors such as arriving later to or leaving earlier from work than scheduled, taking additional or longer breaks than is (...) acceptable, and on-the-job daydreaming. We surveyed 135 employed undergraduate business students regarding the TPB variables at Time 1. Two months later, participants reported the frequency they engaged in time theft since Time 1. Results indicate that behavioral, normative, and control beliefs significantly predicted attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, respectively. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, in turn, were significantly related to time theft intentions, which predicted later enactment of time theft. Thus, employers can decrease time theft by primarily focusing on altering employees’ attitudes toward time theft, followed by reducing social pressures to engage in it, and lastly, by implementing organizational practices that make it difficult to commit time theft. (shrink)

Cet article propose une approche de la société traditionnelle corse à travers la représentation qu’en délivre un de ses membres féminins. Nous privilégions, pour se faire, la correspondance échangée, autour de 1900, entre une soeur, restée au village (Sarrola-Carcopino, Corse du Sud) et son frère, soldat colonial en campagne à Madagascar. Nous y voyons apparaître les aspects de son rôle d’informatrice privilégiée et l’existence d’une division sexuelle des tâches d’information (regroupant les distinctions privé/public, affect/social, maison/patrimoine...). Cet échange ouvre tant du (...) côté d’une histoire du quotidien que de celui d’une ethnologie des relations groupales et des distinctions sexuelles, faisant de l’analyse des pratiques épistolaires un guide efficace des mouvements et des rythmes de la vie villageoise corse autour de 1900 et de la lente intégration de l’île à l’ensemble national. (shrink)

On n’en aura peut-être jamais fini avec la Grande Guerre, cette immense boucherie industrielle planétaire où s’engloutirent durant quatre infernales années les jeunesses des deux pays se prétendant les plus civilisés d’Europe. À l’échelle humaine, elle reste un des traitements les plus épouvantables de l’homme par l’homme et sans doute l’assomption d’une guerre historique à la pure logique de l’abstraction conceptuelle : La Guerre. 70 millions de soldats, 10 millions de morts. 3 à 4 fois plus...

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:The Implicit Soul of Charlie Kaufman's AdaptationDavid L. SmithI don't know what else there is to write about other than being human, or, more specifically, being this human. I have no alternative. Everything is about that, right? Unless it's about flowers.—Charlie Kaufman 1There are some things that cannot be observed directly, even in principle: a single quark, the present moment, ones own eye. What Richard Rodriquez calls (...) the "one subject" of literature—"What it feels like to be alive" 2 —is perhaps another one of those things. A writer struggles to be true to something central about life—to catch it on the fly, to get it right. Some have reified this "something" as "the soul" or "the human spirit." Today, though, we mainly rely on placeholders: "it," for example, as in "do you get it?" or "what's it all about?"—a usage that flirts with the vanishing "it" of "it is raining," implying a source or substance behind phenomena in which we do not really believe but without which we cannot do justice to experience. In any case, the writer's attempt to represent this elusive heart of things is typically frustrated, done in by the slipperiness of words, the cludginess of the conventions of communication, and the waywardness of the imagination. Writing inevitably falls short of its deepest aims.Nevertheless, there is something deviously affirmative in this state of affairs. For if life is a thing that refuses to be observed, then isn't the very failure of literature, if consciously acknowledged, a way of staying true to it? Isn't the writer's disappointment an especially telling feature of "what it feels like to be alive?" Emerson, more clearly than most, understood how this trick is turned: "We grant that human life is [End Page 424] mean; but how did we find out that it was mean? What is the ground of this uneasiness of ours; of this old discontent? What is the universal sense of want and ignorance, but the fine innuendo by which the soul makes its enormous claim?" 3 As noted above, "the soul" is a disposable term here. If you prefer, say simply "the human," "life," or "it." The point, in any case, is that the elusive subject which cannot be stated or represented directly may nevertheless be implied. If the human cannot be caught in a formula, it may be embodied or enacted in the ongoing work of creation.Charlie Kaufman's Adaptation is both an argument for and an example of this implicit realization of the human in art. Many viewers and even reviewers might see it as a poor candidate for humanistic interpretation along these lines. Most, in fact, have seen the film as little more than a clever postmodern puzzle-box, albeit one with great acting, deft direction, and a generous sense of humor. Its theme, after all, is the representation of representation. A book is being rewritten or adapted to become the film we are watching. The subject of that film is its own author's struggle to create it. The film further calls attention to its own artificiality by changing the rules of representation on us midway through. Its tone, style, and basic genre conventions shift when the author/protagonist begins to rethink his original purposes, undermining the credibility of all representational schemes in the process. Adaptation, in short, seems to be what the graduate-educated a decade ago might have felt comfortable calling "an endless play of simulacra," a text absorbed in its own textuality, a snake that eats its own tail. 4All of this is true enough, but it is not the whole story. The point of Adaptation, I will argue, is not simply the pleasure it takes in playing with issues of representation, but its clear sense of the human issues at stake in that play. Adaptation, that is, is not only about the way words tend to float free of the world. Rather, it is also a demonstration of the way a writer's basic goal can survive the wreck of her intentions, or the way that failed attempts to be true to life... (shrink)

This chapter investigates the content of the concept of adaptation, as it is seen on analogy to linguistic translation and as it is seen as itself a representation of the process of human self-definition and self-composition. Word-to-word translation is uncovered as a misleading analogy, but larger frames of translation are shown to be illuminating. Quine’s work on the indeterminacy of translation is intertwined with Charlie Kaufman’s script for his film Adaptation, and the simple notion of the matching of the (...) adaptation to the original is called into question—as is the very idea of a static original against which the verisimilitude of an adaptation would be measured. The chapter concludes with an inventory of the elements that fill the creative space that is opened between an originating text and its adaptation. (shrink)

In this thesis, I use a close reading of the silent films of Charlie Chaplin to examine a question of listening posed by Jean-Luc Nancy, “Is listening something of which philosophy is capable” (Nancy 2007:1)? Drawing on the work of Nancy, Jacques Derrida and Gayatri Spivak, I consider a claim that philosophy has failed to address the topic of listening because a logocentric tradition claims speech as primary. In response to Derrida’s deconstruction of logocentrism, Nancy complicates the problem of (...) listening by distinguishing between l’écoute and l’entente. L’écoute is an attending to and answering the demand of the other and l’entente is an understanding directed inward toward a subject. Nancy could deconstruct an undervalued position of l’écoute, making listening essential to speech. I argue, Nancy rather asks what kind of listening philosophy is capable of. To examine this question, I focus on the peculiarly dialogical figure derived from Chaplin that communicates meaning without using speech. This discussion illustrates how Chaplin, in the role of a silent figure, listens to himself (il s’écoute) as other. Chaplin’s listening is Nancean resonance, a movement in which a subject refers back to itself as another subject, in constant motion of spatial and temporal non-presence. For Nancy, listening is a self’s relationship to itself, but without immediate self-presence. Moving in resonance, Chaplin makes the subject as other as he refers back to himself as other. I argue that Chaplin, through silent dialogue with himself by way of the other, makes his listening listened to. Chaplin refused to make his character speak because he believed speech would change the way in which his work would be listened to. In this way, Chaplin makes people laugh by making himself understood (se fait entendre) as he makes himself listened to (se fait écouter). In answer to Nancy’s question, I conclude philosophy is capable of meeting the demand of listening as both l’entente and l’écoute when it listens as Chaplin listens. (shrink)

Comment définir l'essai au cinéma? Reprenant l'héritage des avant-gardes des années 1920, à travers notamment les œuvres de Dziga Vertov, Jean Epstein ou Jean Vigo, l'essai filmique s'inscrit dans le cinéma moderne qui se définit au moment de la deuxième guerre mondiale avec Le Dictateur (1940) de Charlie Chaplin. Cette évolution se caractérise par un retour au documentaire et de nouvelles relations entre l'image et le son. On assiste alors dans le cinéma hollywoodien, avec Citizen Kane (1941) d'Orson Welles (...) et, dans le cinéma européen, avec Rome, ville ouverte (1945) de Roberto Rossellini, au développement de deux modernités cinématographiques qui annoncent les deux catégories de l'essai au cinéma : l'essai documentaire et l'essai de fiction. Ces deux tendances se traduisent dès les années 1960 avec Le Joli Mai (1963) de Chris Marker (coréalisé avec Pierre Lhomme) et 2 ou 3 choses que je sais d'elle (1967) de Jean-Luc Godard. En suivant les films qui ont marqué l'histoire de la modernité cinématographique et celle de l'essai au cinéma comme Voyage en Italie (1953), Nuit et Brouillard (1956), La Jetée (1963), Le Mépris (1963), Pierrot le fou (1965)... mais aussi avec les œuvres d'Agnès Varda, Jean Rouch, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Federico Fellini, Jean-Daniel Pollet, Harun Farocki ou Manoel de Oliveira, ce livre montre comment s'est développée une nouvelle approche du cinéma comme 'pensée qui forme' et 'forme qui pense'."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Résumé Le rapprochement de Whitehead avec le courant émergentiste, notamment Samuel Alexander, Conwy Lloyd Morgan et Charlie Dunbar Broad, met en lumière l’articulation entre la dimension processuelle de sa philosophie et son effort pour rendre compte du caractère signifiant de l’univers. Pour tous, la philosophie se doit de montrer que ce qui relève de l’esprit appartient pleinement à la nature, et n’a pas à être rejeté dans un non-lieu métaphysique. Mais, chez Whitehead, cet effort prend une tournure différente, impartiale, (...) en décentrant la notion d’« esprit » de la référence exclusive à la mentalité humaine. (shrink)

In “Trompe L'Oeil”, the seventh episode of Westworld, Bernard Lowe discovers the plans for his own body. Bernard's are ready‐made by someone else and uploaded into his brain, apparently unrelated to any real events. Bernard has memories of his son Charlie, which he thought referred to a real boy with whom he had a real relationship, and whose real death is the cause of his inescapable grief. Bernard might respond that lifelong grief is an excessive response to the death (...) of a fictional character. He realizes that the memories of that trauma have been fabricated by Robert Ford. Whether Charlie is a lie, a fiction, or a stranger, by grieving for him Bernard is sharing in a very human kind of experience. As malicious as Ford's motives were, maybe he was right about the need for a “cornerstone” of suffering to make Bernard human. (shrink)

Face à la violence, que peut la philosophie? Cette question se pose avec une terrible acuité après les attentats de janvier contre Charlie Hebdo et l'hyper-cacher. Le présent ouvrage prétend y apporter une réponse en prenant du recul et à travers la philo française contemporaine de Sartre à Levinas en passant par Camus, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Simone Weil, Canguilhem, Cavaillès, Lévi-Strauss, Deleuze, Foucault, Jankélévitch et Derrida. Sartre, c'est à la fois l'être et le néant et toutes les questions politiques de (...) l'après-guerre ; Camus, l'absurde et la révolte avec le refus de la violence ; Merleau-Ponty, la justification du communisme et donc d'une certaine forme de totalitarisme ; Simone Weil, Canguilhem et Cavaillès mettent le pacifisme à l'épreuve et en avant l'expérience de la nécessité ; Lévi-Strauss pose le problème de la violence face à la diversité humaine repensée ; Deleuze confronte la métaphysique à la politique. Foucault souligne l'enfermement intolérable ; Jankélévitch Derrida et Levinas pose le problème de l'éthique et de la métaphysique et de l'impossible pardon face au génocide juif. Ici c'est toute la philosophie c'est-à-dire, l'action et la pensée les oeuvres et les relations, l'histoire et l'actualité qui tentent de répondre à une certaine folie du monde. (shrink)

Taubes, Badiou, Agamben, Žižek, Reinhard, and Santner have found in the Apostle Paul's emphasis on neighbor-love a positive paradigm for politics. By thoroughly reexamining Pauline eschatology, L. L. Welborn suggests that neighbor-love depends upon an orientation toward the messianic event, which Paul describes as the "now time" and which he imagines as "awakening." Welborn compares the Pauline dialectic of awakening to attempts by Hellenistic philosophers to rouse their contemporaries from moral lethargy and to the Marxist idea of class consciousness, emphasizing (...) the apostle's radical spirit and moral relevance. (shrink)

Es gibt Eigenschaften, die in ihren empirischen Vorkommnissen gradativ sind, wie z.B. die Eigenschaften, etwas zu wissen und mächtig zu sein] d.h. man kann mehr oder weniger wissen, jemand ist mächtiger oder weniger mächtig als sein Gegenüber usw. usf. Dieser Aufsatz versucht Eigenschaftsexemplifikationen im Bereich von empirischen (Minima und) Maxima an Beispielen von Macht und Wissen dahingehend zu analysieren, ob sie tatsächlich dieselben Eigenschaften wie die durch Standardbeispiele aus dem "mittleren Bereich" definierten (Begriffe von) Eigenschaften betreffen. Es werden Argumente für (...) die Auffassung vorgelegt, im (Grenz-)Bereich der Minima und Maxima (wenigstens der Beispieleigenschaften) gebe es Fälle, wo es sich nicht (mehr) um dieselbe Eigenschaft handeln kann. Paradox formuliert: Es gibt Eigenschaften, deren Maxima (oder Minima) nicht mehr dieselbe Eigenschaft sind. (shrink)

Lo scopo del presente lavoro è quello di esplorare nella letteratura sanitaria internazionale il ruolo delle humanities nella formazione al lavoro di cura, offrendo una prospettiva “interna” rispetto ai temi in questione. A partire da una ricerca bibliografica nella banca dati PubMed, con le parole chiave “medical humanities” e “caring”, si analizzerà il significato di questi termini in alcuni ambiti sanitari, esaminando se e perché le medical humanities vengono considerate un valido metodo per formare professionisti con competenze di caring. Nelle (...) conclusioni si discuteranno il potenziale e i limiti di una formazione alla competenza di caring basata sulle medical humanities, mettendo in luce come tale competenza possa essere sviluppata anche e soprattutto a partire dalla riflessione sulla pratica clinica e, soprattutto, dalle relazioni con i docenti. Infine, verrà proposta come altrettanto cruciale la cura con cui i formatori allestiscono il dispositivo educativo dei professionisti sanitari.The aim of this paper is to explore the role of the humanities in training caringcompetencies in the international medical literature, giving an “internal” perspective about these topics. Starting from a bibliographic research in PubMed data source, with the key words “medical humanities” and “caring”, it will be analyzed the meaning of these expressions in some healthcare professional fields, exploring if and why medical humanities are considered a suitable method to train operators to the caring work. Conclusively, the strengths and limitations of training caring competencies through medical humanities will be discussed, clarifying that these competencies can also be improved by reflecting on clinical practice, and, moreover, by the relationship that teachers establish with their students. Finally, a caring attitude in setting up the educational environment of the healthcare professionals will be introduced as a paramount competence, too. (shrink)

Bütün bir evrenle irtibat kurma, duygu ve düşünceleri paylaşma adına insana bahşedilen en etkin enstrüman dildir. Dilin şekillendirdiği kelâm yapılanmaları içerisinde şiirin apayrı bir yeri ve önemi haiz olduğu bilinmektedir. Çok eski çağlardan beri şiir insanoğlunun, duygu ve düşüncelerini en etkin biçimde ifade edebilmek için başvurduğu en verimli iletişim vasıtalarından biri olmuştur. Öyle ki, eski medeniyetlerin ve tarihî kalıntıların aktarılmasında önemli bir rol üstlenen mitik destanların kahir ekseriyeti şiir formunda tanzim edilmiştir. Hatta kutsal metinlerin bazı bloklarının şiirsel bir yapılanma arz (...) ettiği araştırmacılara malûmdur. Şiirin de pek çok edebî form ve tarz farklılığına sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Biz bu çalışmamızda, ekseni bütünüyle aruz üzerine kurulu olan divan şiirimizin toplumu yönlendirme ve aydınlatma adına yansıttığı özdeyişler, hikmetler, nasihatler ve bazı bilimsel göndermeler üzerine fikir imal etmeye çaba sarf ettik. Büyük bir sanat anlayışına ve bilgi birikimine dayalı olan divan şiirimizin en dikkat çeken özelliği, insan yaşamı için altın kurallar içeren nasihat ve hikmetlere yer vermesidir. Bu nasihat ve hikmetlerin hemen tamamı asla birer fantezi ve senaryo ürünü olmayıp, yaşanmış ve yaşanmakta olan sosyokültürel gerçekliklerden iktibas edilmiş değerler birikimidir. Çalışmamızda divan şiirinin Türkçe, Arapça ve azıcık da Farsça örneklerine yer vermiş bulunmaktayız. Bu noktada çalışmayı başlıca üç temel kategoriye taksim ederek, önce genellemenin ilk, örneklendirmenin ikinci mısrada yer aldığı şiirleri, ikinci aşamada örneğin ilk, genellemenin ise ikinci mısrada yer aldığı şiirleri ve nihayet üçüncü aşamada da bazı ilim ve fenlere gönderi yapan şiirleri tahlil etmeye çalıştık. (shrink)

The article deals with a topic of the role of science in current society and focuses on the role of political economy. There has been a critical feedback to the fact that the social sciences subordinate themselves to the interests of power instead of looking for the models of healthy society. These models should correspond with the changes in the society and should not allow to be tied with unchanging paradigms and various ‘-isms‘. Political economy should deal with the topic (...) of human freedom and increasing social inequalities, which threaten the society. It is important to work with sustainable relationship of social-economical and natural environment and with the relationship of culture and nature.) It is a new way of understanding what production means and how the society should cope with it. It is not just about classic waste but also about negative externalities. The human cannot be reduced to ‘human resources‘ or ‘homo economicus‘. The emphasis is laid on humanity and taking human as an indivisible individual. The article emphasizes the importance of full responsibility preference over limited responsibility and preference of the individual and community over an economical corporation. The society cannot be reduced or administrated as an economical or accounting unit. Good governance includes taking care of reproduction, justice and safety. It is all about sufficiency, dignity and trust among people. The most important is the fight for human freedom and independent life, which is the meaning of itself. People who are free and can persist in such fight, which is held by a spirit of unity, are important but also more and more rare. Political economy should look for the possibilities how to follow up the Jewish-Christian tradition without the God. (shrink)