Este artículo se halla dividido en tres partes.En la primera, se define el estado de la ciencia física y del positivismo lógico, concluyendo el tránsito de ambos hacia el constructivismo.En la segunda, se realiza un esbozo del constructivismo de Piaget.Finalmente, en el tercer apartado, con la intención de desarrollar un ejemplo de esta confluencia en las ciencias sociales,se constata que ciertos criterios de validez defendidos para la metodología cualitativa se complementan totalmente con los contenidos en la estadística .This article is (...) divided into three sections. First, we define the state of physical science and logical positivism, concluding the transit of both towards constructivism. Second, we outlined the Piaget constructivism. Third, with the intention of developing an example of this confluence in social sciences, we argue that few criteria of qualitative methodology validity are completely complementary to those contained in the statistics. (shrink)

William Parry conceived in the early thirties a theory of entail-
ment, the theory of analytic implication, intended to give a formal expression to the idea that the content of the conclusion of a valid argument must be included in the content of its premises. This paper introduces a system of analytic, paraconsistent and quasi-classical propositional logic that does not validate the paradoxes of Parry’s analytic implication. The interpretation of the expressions of this logic will be given in terms of a (...) four-valued semantics,and its proof theory will be provided by a system of signed semantic tableaux that incorporates the techniques developed to improve the efficiency of the tableaux method for many-valued logics.
1. Introduction. (shrink)

This paper explores and expands upon Jorge Gracia's reasons for the apparent lack of Hispanics in US philosophy. The point is to explain the underrepresentation of Hispanics in philosophy, with a focus on a specific subgroup of Hispanics, namely, "homegrown" US Hispanics. This group wasentirely missing from the "established" ranks in Gracia's census. I propose a phenomenological explanation for this lack, rooted in my experience as ahomegrown US Hispanic. This experience gives rise to a sense of identity described as "post-immigrant." (...) Those of us in the American philosophical establishment who share this identity, or who feel its pull, desire but hesitate to fully and authentically engage philosophy and the philosophical life, where thisrequires an uncompromising insertion of our cultural and historical identity into what we write and teach. The reason for the absence of homegrown Hispanicphilosophers who are willing to engage issues related to their circumstance as Hispanics is what I call, "the post-immigrant fear.". (shrink)

This paper examines accounts of the moral wrongness of killing persons in addition to determining what conclusions, if any, can be drawn from the morality of killing persons about the equality of persons, and vice versa. I will argue that a plausible way of thinking about the moral wrongness of killing implies that the permissibility of killing innocent, nonthreatening persons depends on a person’s age. I address objections to this conclusion and discuss some potential implications of the view.

La interpretación heideggeriana de la “muerte de Dios” en Nietzsche entraña la esencial significación de un movimiento según el cual la metafísica llega a ser superada. Dicho movimiento se constata en las más influyentes de las filosofías modernas, sobre todo, en las filosofías de Kant y de Hegel. En palabras de Heidegger, después de Nietzsche “a la filosofía sólo le queda pervertirse y desnaturalizarse, de modo que ya no se divisan otras posibilidades para ella”. Esta superación compromete el conjunto de (...) la historia acontecida del ser y permite descubrir en el seno de la misma metafísica su constitución onto-teológica. El texto examina la “muerte de Dios” a la luz del postulado de la onto-teología en cuanto esencia de la metafísica, y las consecuencias que de ello se derivan para el pensamiento de Dios en la filosofía contemporánea. (shrink)

Tencionamos com este breve escrito abordar a questão acerca da relação do sujeito com o mundo no âmbito da ordem moral segundo a concepção que dela faz Santo Agostinho, o Mestre do Ocidente. Este tema esteve presente durante toda a carreira do bispo de Hipona assumindo formas diversas e adquirindo nuanças distintivas de acordo com as polêmicas em que se envolvia Agostinho na defesa da fé cristã; porém, acreditamos que a concepção de frui aut uti – segundo a formula latina: (...) uso e fruição – perpassa basicamente toda a sua produção teóricoliterária, e, se inscreve na construção agostiniana de uma ordem moral, ética cristã, ordem que abarca todas as relações, transpessoais, interpessoais, e, por fim, subpessoais, noutras palavras, esta ordem envolve todas as relações possíveis ao homem, segundo o Bispo de Hipona, a relação entre o homem e Deus, entre homem e seus semelhantes e entre o homem e as demais criaturas. Para a consecução deste projeto efetuaremos uma análise exegética de De Doctrina Christiana (I. 20,22), buscando subsídios noutros escritos de Agostinho, sobretudo Confessione e De Civitate Dei através dos quais pretendemos legitimar através do itinerário deste escrito a atualidade da tese agostiniana tendo em vista os graves distúrbios na ordem das relações facilmente detectáveis na Modernidade. Embora saibamos a grandeza das dificuldades implícitas em semelhante proposta e nas discussões dela decorrentes. (shrink)

En el marco de las complicidades que en distintos ámbitos se pueden identificar entre las obras de Foucault y Rancière, el presente análisis revisa más particularmente el modo cómo ambos autores abordan los vínculos entre subjetividad y política.

Después de varios años e investigaciones sobre la educación y el nuevo paradigma científico hemos llegado a comprender que los gérmenes caóticos de la educación y la desescolarización están presentes en el día a día escolar, aunque ocultos, si no negados, por la cultura escolar. Debemos sacarlos a la luz y comprender su potencialidad e influencia educativa transformadora. Por muchos años buscábamos que la desescolarización de la escuela no implicara su eliminación, tal como lo propuso Illich ..

En este artículo el autor se propone analizar la posición de Davidson respecto de la verdad como correspondencia a lo largo de su obra. Pueden establecerse dos períodos en su obra, un primero que va desde sus trabajos iniciales hasta sus “Afterthoughts” de 1987 y un segundo que va desde esa fecha hasta sus últimos trabajos. Lo que caracteriza a esos períodos es que durante el primero Davidson se proclama correspondentista, en el segundo se arrepiente de haber adoptado esa denominación, (...) a lo cual caracteriza como un error terminológico. La intención del autor aquí es considerar cuál puede haber sido la razón para dicho error terminológico y cuánto de la aceptación de algo como la correspondencia persiste en los trabajos posteriores de Davidson. Se propone para ello establecer una distinción entre dos modos en que debe entenderse la correspondencia, que se encuentran emparentados con dos modos de entender el análisis filosófico y con lo que Wright llama el debate tradicionalacerca de la verdad, y el nuevo giro que el mismo debería tomar. (shrink)

Ancient monism matters today because it reveals an alternative answer to a problem faced by ontology “after the death of god,” namely, how to distinguish between good and bad actions after the disappearance of transcendence. The modern answer in Continental philosophy was systematized by Heidegger and consists in positing that the everyday is permeated by instrumentality whereas there is a different kind of action that is noninstrumental, such as art or the thinking of being. By contrast, ancient monism holds that (...) all actions are instrumental and employs on a typology of action that relies on the distinction between techne and phronesis. Recognizing a different answer from the dominant Heideggerian one has the potential to renew the conception of the ethical and the political in Continental philosophy. (shrink)

This paper deals with the relationship between divine knowledge and sense experience and the first three Thomistic ways to prove the existence of God. It reinforces the ways in the light of contributions and critiques coming from the realist-phenomenological and the analytic perspectives. To this end, it examines the insights of an important author of each of these two traditions, Josef Seifert and Richard Swinburne.

Resumo: O artigo apresenta um problema que se apresenta no tempo presente e que nos coloca diante da tarefa de repensar os paradigmas da educação e do pensamento. O texto questiona qual o impacto da globalização em como pensamos a Educação e a Filosofia. A base epistemológica do artigo se ancora no pensamento da desconstrução e nas suas interseções com o debate sobre políticas das diferenças e seu desenrolar em autores como Achille Mbembe, Louis Althusser, Frantz Fanon, Lélia Gonzales, Jean-Luc (...) Nancy, entre outros. No artigo apresentamos o conflito entre o mundo ocidental e seu pensamento único com a reflexão de autores que trazem aquilo que excede a este pensamento e que é marginalizado por ele. Colocamos em debate e relação conceitos como brutalismo, raça, desconstrução, ideologia, antropoceno etc. Palavras-chave: Desconstrução; Pedagogia; Filosofia da Diferença; Decolonialidade; Globalização. Education in the face of the end of the World and the end of Philosophy: Brutalism, deconstruction and some reflections on decoloniality, anti-racism and their intersections Abstract: The article presents a problem that arises in the present time and that puts us before the task of rethinking the paradigms of education and thought. The text questions the impact of globalization on how we think about Education and Philosophy. The epistemological basis of the article is anchored in the thought of deconstruction and its intersections with the debate on the politics of differences and its revelation in authors such as Achille Mbembe, Louis Althusser, Frantz Fanon, Lélia Gonzales, Jean-Luc Nancy, among others. The article presents the conflict between the Western world and its monolithic thought with the reflection of authors who bring what exceeds this thought and is marginalized by it. We put into debate and relationships such as brutalism, race, deconstruction, ideology, anthropocene, etc. Keywords: Deconstruction; Pedagogy; Philosophy of Difference; Decoloniality; Globalization. L'éducation face à la fin du monde et à la fin de la philosophie: Brutalisme, déconstruction et quelques réflexions sur la décolonialité, l'antiracisme et leurs intersections Résumé: L'article présente un problème qui se pose à l'heure actuelle et qui nous met face à la tâche de repenser les paradigmes de l'éducation et de la pensée. Le texte s'interroge sur l'impact de la mondialisation sur notre façon de penser l'éducation et la philosophie. La base épistémologique de l'article est ancrée dans la pensée de la déconstruction et ses intersections avec le débat sur la politique des différences et son déploiement chez des auteurs tels qu'Achille Mbembe, Louis Althusser, Frantz Fanon, Lélia Gonzales et Jean-Luc Nancy. Dans l'article, nous présentons le conflit entre le monde occidental et sa pensée unique avec la réflexion d'auteurs qui apportent ce qui dépasse cette pensée et est marginalisé par elle. Nous débattons et mettons en relation des concepts tels que le brutalisme, la race, la déconstruction, l'idéologie, l'anthropocène, etc. Mots-clés: Déconstruction; La Pédagogie; Philosophie de la Différence; Décolonialité; Mondialisation. Data de registro: 24/05/2024 Data de aceite: 18/12/2024. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende apresentar a diferença entre a hermenêutica e a desconstrução e mostrar a implicação de cada uma destas formas de entender o fenômeno do sentido na relação da filosofia com as outras “disciplinas” do pensamento. Para isso colocaremos dois pensadores em embate direto, a saber, Jacques Derrida e Paul Ricoeur. Enquanto Paul Ricoeur, com seu projeto hermenêutico, tenta encontrar uma conciliação entre os diversos saberes das ciências humanas com a metafísica, em uma época em que o estruturalismo e (...) a psicanálise emergiam e questionavam conceitos como “consciência” e “sentido”, Jacques Derrida radicaliza esses movimentos de crítica que animavam as ciências humanas e tenta pensar para além dos conceitos tradicionais, propondo seus quaseconceitos e formulando sua gramatologia. (shrink)

This paper analyzes the problem of rational justification of law in general and legal norms in particular, a problem highlighted by the so-called postmodern trends that deny the possibility and validity of these attempts. While the postmodern trends serve as a background to the discussion, the article provides a summary of rational justification of norms based on Sergio Cotta’s innovative approach, who is arguably one of the authors that has dealt to the topic with more prominence and consistency. Thus, the (...) goal of this article is to point out how the election of a norm can be justified, and to explain the main notions of Cotta’s approach, in order to assess his accuracy and weakness, and his connection to the theory of practical knowledge. The article concludes with some remarks on Cotta’s justification model.Resumen:El presente artículo desarrolla el problema de la justificación racional del derecho en general y de las normas jurídicas en particular, ante las corrientes de pensamiento denominadas posmodernas que niegan la posibilidad y validez de tales intentos. El trabajo ofrece una reseña acerca de la justificación racional de las normas a partir de la novedosa doctrina de Sergio Cotta, quien es uno de los autores que ha abordado el tema con mayor extensión y consistencia. A lo largo del artículo, el autor intenta mostrar de qué manera está fundada la elección de una norma, explica las nociones centrales de la doctrina de Cotta, identifica sus aciertos, sus debilidades, su conexión con la teoría del conocimiento práctico y concluye con algunas observaciones al modelo de justificación propuesto. (shrink)

Lukács and Twentieth Century Literature Tough he elaborated a robust system of Marxist aesthetics whose categories enabled him to formulate a brilliant analysis of the 19th century realist novel, Lukács proved unable to understand the literature of the 20th century. In fact he either ignored or regarded as “decadent” almost all the major representatives of the avant-garde, such as Proust and Kafka. is was not due to the intrinsic limitations of the aesthetic categories themselves. It was rather an effect of (...) his “optimistic” vision of the historical period following after the 1917 Revolution and the hypothesis of the development of socialism. is led him to regard as anti-realist the alleged “pessimism” of the avant-garde. Towards the end of his life, Lukács did however adopt a more critical position towards “real socialism”. He thus moved towards a more positive understanding of the literature of his time. (shrink)

La mécanique quantique est une théorie physique contemporaine réputée pour ses défis au sens commun et ses paradoxes. Depuis bientôt un siècle, plusieurs interprétations de la théorie ont été proposées par les physiciens et les philosophes, offrant des images quantiques du monde, ou des métaphysiques, radicalement différentes. L'existence d'un hasard fondamental, ou d'une multitude de mondes en-dehors du nôtre, dépend ainsi de l'interprétation adoptée. Cet article, en s'appuyant sur le livre Boyer-Kassem (2015), Qu'est-ce que la mécanique quantique ?, présente (...) trois principales interprétations quantiques, empiriquement équivalentes : l'interprétation dite orthodoxe, l'interprétation de Bohm, et l'interprétation des mondes multiples. (shrink)

Investment Management makes heavy ethical demands which are not an optional add‐on, but part of the job of being a financial agent and fiduciary. The author is founder and President of Skandia Fonds, the Norwegian mutual funds management company affiliated with Skandia Group which pioneered the concept of green mutual funds in Norway. This paper was delivered at the Sixth Annual Conference of the European Business Ethics Network, held in Oslo last month. Its views are those of the author, and (...) do not necessarily represent his company's policy. (shrink)

t. 1. La época de Carlos Vaz Ferreira -- t. 2. Después de la época de Carlos Vaz Ferreira ; La época actual : A. Ardao y J.L. Segundo.

We define and study abstract valuation semantics for logics, an algebraically well-behaved version of valuation semantics. Then, in the context of the behavioral approach to the algebraization of logics, we show, by means of meaningful bridge theorems and application examples, that abstract valuations are suited to play a role similar to the one played by logical matrices in the traditional approach to algebraization.

The Fregean-inspired Principle of Compositionality of Meaning for formal languages asserts that the meaning of a compound expression is analysable in terms of the meaning of its constituents, taking into account the mode in which these constituents are combined so as to form the compound expression. From a logical point of view, this amounts to prescribing a constraint—that may or may not be respected—on the internal mechanisms that build and give meaning to a given formal system. Within the domain of (...) formal semantics and of the structure of logical derivations, the PoC is often directly reflected by metaproperties such as truth-functionality and analyticity, characteristic of computationally well-behaved logical systems. (shrink)

The article presupposes that the term “spirituality”, originally proper to the theological literature, no longer belongs only to this field, and is now widely used in different areas of knowledge. The essay also says that, even within the theological and religious studies, there has never been clarity as to the meaning of “spirituality”, which eventually became a vague and imprecise term, invoked in different situations and in need of a deeper theoretical reflection able to point its history, its development and (...) multiple applications. The vagueness around this concept is increased when “spirituality” is used along with the expression “non-religious”, causing more difficulties of understanding even in the field of religious studies. After delving into these conceptual challenges, the article points to the need for a comprehensive review of the literature in order to identify similarities with other areas of knowledge in recent decades that have progressively absorbed this concept, particularly the fields of arts, psychology, business administration, organizational studies, neuroscience and health sciences. At the end, the article offers challenges and suggestions for the development of the studies around this theme among researches of Religious Sciences in Brazil that privilege interdisciplinary approaches in their research. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo se hace una exposición del papel que juega, dentro de la propuesta de análisis de la sociedad que hace el filósofo Herbert Marcuse, la idea de represión sobrante o sobre represión en las sociedades contemporáneas. Para esta exposición se tomarán como referencias básicas los análisis aportados por dos obras del autor: Eros y Civilización y Un Ensayo Sobre la Liberación. Aunque estas serán las obras base en las que se rastrearán los argumentos que aporta el autor (...) frente al tema, en algunos momentos se acudirá a otros textos de Marcuse en los que se confirman sus planteamientos y se tomarán algunos análisis realizados por estudiosos de su pensamiento. (shrink)