Im ersten Teil des Beitrags wird das Problem der Weltanschauung innerhalb von Schweitzers Ethik der Ehrfurcht vor dem Leben dargestellt, im zweiten Teil werden die Grenzen seines Konzeptes sichtbar gemacht und anschließend die möglichen weltanschaulichen Perspektiven für die Zukunft behandelt. Aufgrund der Philosophiekritik und ihrer Untauglichkeit, eine allgemein praktizierbare Ethik zu erstellen, versucht Schweitzer die traditionelle Philosophie zu einer Weltanschauung zu transformieren, um somit den Prozess einer ethischen Renaissance der Kultur in Bewegung zu setzen. Der Großteil seiner ethischen Bemühungen dient (...) dem Projekt der Begründung und zugleich der möglichen Verwirklichung einer tätigen und bejahenden ethischen Beziehung zur Welt und zum Leben, die nicht nur auf einzelne, hochsensible, oder gar erleuchtete Individuen setzt, sondern womöglich die ganze Gesellschaft zu mobilisieren fähig wäre. Schweitzer versucht die Weltanschauung, nicht wie üblich, aus der Gesellschaft heraus zu begründen, sondern aus einer unmittelbaren Anschauung des Lebens und seiner erkenntnistheoretischen Unergründlichkeit , um damit den gesellschaftlichen Raum für eine unmittelbare, optimistische, alle Lebensformen bejahende Handlungsorientierung zu eröffnen. Das Bemühen um den enthusiastischen Charakter der moralischen Handlungen, der aus dem denkenden Erleben des Willens zum Leben zur ethischen Weltanschauung aufsteigen sollte, war das große Novum Schweitzers.In the first part of this paper we present the problem of worldview within Schweitzer’s ethics of reverence for life, in the second we delineate the limits of his concept, followed by the discussion on possible worldview perspectives for the future. Based on the critique of philosophy and its inability to create a universally practicable ethics, Schweitzer tried to transform the traditional philosophy into a worldview, thus trying to initiate a process of ethical renaissance of culture. Most of his ethical efforts serve for the project of grounding and simultaneously possible realising an active and affirmative ethical relationship toward world and life which focuses not only on particular, highly sensible or even enlightened individuals, but which could also be capable for mobilising the entire society. Schweitzer tried to justify the worldview not according to the society, as it is usual, but from a direct view of life and its epistemological inscrutability , thereby opening the social space for a direct, optimistic action orientation which accepts all forms of life. The effort for the enthusiastic character of moral actions, the character that should rise from the thinking experience of the will to live to the level of ethical worldview, was Schweitzer’s great novum. (shrink)

This article considers the question whether in theories of the spirit, from the first half of the 20th century, we can find reasons that would lead us to discuss about the ending of the spirit, mankind and the ethical in the so-called postmodernism, or whether it has been left unnoticed, anywhere in these concepts, something we might make use of, above all, in ethical sense. In the first and the second part of this article we turn to Cassirer’s theory of (...) the spirit as to be able to, through this representative philosopher’s works and his critics, better perceive where to search for the reasons of “the death of the spirit”. Postmodernistic discourse itself does not give any reason and cannot give any answer to the crisis lasting for more than a hundred years, because it is in itself a symptom of that very crisis. On grounds of a three-fold aspectuality of dialectics of the spirit , its uncertainty and fragility, in the third part of this discourse we introduce the possibility of the ethical. My believe is that through specific treatment of the issue the question can be explored: how the ethical is still possible to talk about and what would its possible meaning be? (shrink)

Da je etika – kakvom je poimaju i prakticiraju u našoj zapadnjačkoj kulturi – neopozivo zašla u slijepu ulicu, previđaju samo još oni akademski filozofi za koje je ona i nadalje ezoterična i samodostatna stvar valjanog argumentiranja po pitanju moralnosti. Zakazale su kako religiozno, tako i sekularno koncipirane teorije etike. To je osobito razvidno u okolnosti da o etici nikada nismo toliko umovali kao danas, a istodobno se tako rijetko povodili za moralnim načelima. Etička refleksija i moralno postupanje već su (...) poodavno postali oprečni svjetovi i egzistiraju u međusobno obrnuto proporcionalnom odnosu. Uz takvu se pozadinu iznova aktualizira vječito pitanje: Mogu li se unutar jedinstvene etičko-moralne sheme prebroditi neslaganja između etičkog mišljenja i moralnog djelovanja s jedne strane te sekularnih i religioznih polazišta s druge strane? U članku će se pokušati istražiti postsekularna etika te uzroci i mogućnosti grupiranja poticajnih uvjerenja s kritičkim, odgovornim i na osobnoj autonomiji zasnovanim mišljenjem u okviru neproturječne, iskušane i paralelno refleksivne konstelacije. (shrink)