Liber de intellectu. -- Liber de somno et visione. -- Liber de quinque essentiis. -- Liber introductorius in artem logicae demonstrationis.

The marketplace is a remarkable social institution that has greatly extended our reach so shoppers in the West can now buy fresh-cut flowers, vegetables, and tropical fruits grown halfway across the globe even in the depths of winter. However, these expanded choices have also come with considerable moral responsibilities as our economic decisions can have far-reaching effects by either ennobling or debasing human lives. Albino Barrera examines our own moral responsibilities for the distant harms of our market transactions from (...) a Christian viewpoint, identifying how the market's division of labour makes us unwitting collaborators in others' wrongdoing and in collective ills. His important account covers a range of different subjects, including law, economics, philosophy, and theology, in order to identify the injurious ripple effects of our market activities. (shrink)

The United States, Europe and Japan provide farm subsidies at a rate of one billion USD per day. The bulk of this is captured by large corporate entities. Damage to less developed countries is extensive and deep. Besides the farmers who are harmed because of the resulting lower agricultural prices, these negative effects ripple through the rest of the economy, due to the central importance of the agricultural sector for developing nations. Besides being direct beneficiaries of these subsidies, farming corporations, (...) including their ancillary support industries, have lobbied heavily to resist the growing international clamor to remove or at least substantially alter thesesubsidies. This paper examines the economics and ethics of international corporate responsibility on the issue of farm subsidies. (shrink)

Qu'est-ce qui relie, dans les tréfonds de notre être-au-monde, les entreprises créatives de la musique et des mathématiques? Qu'est-ce qui fait des mathématiques une musique des nombres et de la musique une mathématique des sons? Cet ouvrage essaye de répondre à ces questions. Prenant son départ dans la phénoménologie de l'acte créatif, l'analyse atteint la région où la phénoménologie touche la dimension du symbolique. C'est la volonté de rester dans ce no man's land, là où les dimensions du phénoménologique et (...) du symbolique s'entrecroisent et se mélangent, qui permet d'apercevoir la place où chaque homme impliqué dans l'activité créatrice trouve ses moyens et ses limites. La constitution d'un espace-temps qui est, en même temps, mathématique et musical, est le centre de cette entreprise. Le milieu où le musical et le mathématique se transforment et se confondent l'un dans l'autre devient alors le lieu où l'analyse peut étudier des objets qui ne sont pas complètement donnés, des objets qui demeurent in fieri. Ces constitutions partielles, toujours sur le point de se condenser en produits de la langue logique ou de disparaître dans une sorte de babillage créatif, assurent la tenue et la possibilité des institutions symboliques des mathématiques et de la musique. Mais surtout ces objets assurent l'étrange capacité de ces deux institutions symboliques : la capacité de se nourrir et de proliférer mystérieusement de et sur elles-mêmes, en y trouvant les raisons de leur futur. (shrink)

En la literatura publicada a lo largo del siglo XX y lo que va del XXI encontramos de manera constante lo que podemos denominar una serie literaria sobre el tema de la homosexualidad. La historia literaria costarricense muestra, en los inicios del siglo XX, el caso de Jenaro Cardona, de manera particular con La esfinge del sendero (1914). Más adelante, apenas pasada la primera mitad de siglo, encontramos el caso de José León Sánchez con La isla de los hombre solos (...) (1963), en donde la homosexualidad es presentada como parte de los arrebatosy de la violencia carcelaria.Teníamos que llegar a las últimas décadas del siglo pasado para que, de alusiones que marginalizaban aún más todo lo que tuviera que ver con la sexualidad, se pasara a una nueva manera de comenzar a sacar del closet literario, ya no solo el tema de la homosexualidad, sino en general el de la sexualidad misma. El valor enunciativo de la publicación de esta literatura plantea una relectura del Estado costarricense mismo y del papel de sus instituciones. De ahí la significación de ese gesto fundante y provocador, producto de esta nueva serie de textos en la Costa Rica contemporánea, de una manera como no había sucedido antes en el país. (shrink)

In the development of Roman Catholic social thought from the teachings of the scholastics to the modern social encyclicals, changes in normative economics reflect the transformation of an economic terrain from its feudal roots to the modern industrial economy. The preeminence accorded by the modern market to the allocative over the distributive function of price broke the convenient convergence of commutative and distributive justice in scholastic just price theory. Furthermore, the loss of custom, law, and usage in defining the boundaries (...) of economic behavior led to a depersonalization of economic relationships that had previously provided effective informal means of protecting individual well-being. Hence, recent economic ethics has had to look for nonprice, nonmarket mechanisms for distributive justice. This is reflected, for example, in the shift in attitude from the medieval antipathy toward unions to the contemporary defense of organized labor on moral grounds. (shrink)

Markets can often be harsh in compelling people to make unpalatable economic choices any reasonable person would not take under normal conditions. Thus, workers laid off in mid-career accept lower-paid jobs that are beneath their professional experience for want of better alternatives. Economic migrants leave their families and cross borders in search of a livelihood. These are examples of economic compulsion. These economic ripple effects have been virtually ignored in ethical discourse because they are generally accepted to be the very (...) mechanisms that generate the market's much-touted allocative efficiency. Albino Barrera argues that Christian thought on economic security offers an effective framework within which to address the consequences of economic compulsion. (shrink)

This Handbook presents what world and regional religions teach about economic morality. It also compares the major religions, especially the Abrahamic faiths, in their positions on various social, business, and policy themes, such as feminism, competition, and the ecology, among others. The concluding chapter is an analytical synthesis that presents and explains the patterns that emerge from the various religions in this Handbook. Readers will find a remarkable convergence in religions’ teachings on economic morality, despite their wide differences in dogma, (...) ecclesial structures, and social practices. This confluence can be traced to similarities in the underlying anthropologies and cosmologies of these faiths. Readers will also discover that these religions’ economic teachings are the antithesis of contemporary market ethos, policy, and praxis. This Handbook underscores a symbiosis between religion and economic life as they mutually enrich each other. On the one hand, religion improves the efficiency and efficacy of economic life by lowering the frictional and monitoring costs of market operations. Virtuous market participants internalize norms of good economic conduct and behave accordingly. On the other hand, socio-economic life offers manifold enticements, comforts, and overindulgences that paradoxically push devout adherents to invest themselves even further in their beliefs. Socio-economic life provides an opportunity for religions to build strong faith communities and for believers to reify their religion in their economic conduct. This Handbook presents the richness, nuances, and rationale of religions and their economic ethics based on their vision of a natural and divine order. It shows that they share far more in common than whatever divides them, at least when it comes to economic morality. (shrink)

Rooted in a reasoned understanding of what it is to be a human being in community, Catholic social principles are accessible to a pluralistic, even secular, audience. Instead of being used separately in an ad hoc manner, these principles can be applied as a single analytical framework in examining ethical questions. Doing so allows the manifold dimensions of social problems to surface. The paper applies this framework on the issue of whether currency markets ought to be taxed in order to (...) deter speculation. (shrink)

Una nuova traduzione del 2024 della tesi di dottorato di Heidegger su Duns Scoto. Questa edizione contiene una nuova postfazione del traduttore, una cronologia della vita e delle opere di Heidegger, un indice filosofico dei principali concetti heideggeriani e una guida alla terminologia degli esistenzialisti del XIX e XX secolo. Questa traduzione è stata concepita per garantire la leggibilità e l'accessibilità alla filosofia enigmatica e densa di Heidegger. I termini filosofici complessi e specifici sono tradotti nel modo più letterale possibile (...) e le note a piè di pagina accademiche sono state eliminate per garantire una lettura agevole. La dissertazione di Martin Heidegger su Duns Scoto, intitolata "La dottrina delle categorie e del significato di Duns Scoto" (originale tedesco: "Die Kategorien- und Bedeutungslehre des Duns Scotus"), è stata originariamente presentata come tesi di dottorato nel 1915. Heidegger analizza la dottrina delle categorie di Scoto e fornisce una spiegazione dettagliata della Grammatica Speculativa, un'opera di grammatica medievale che oggi si sa essere stata scritta da Tommaso da Erfurt. Quest'opera è significativa perché rappresenta una prima incursione nelle preoccupazioni filosofiche di Heidegger di tutta una vita, in particolare la questione dell'essere sotto forma di problema delle categorie e la questione del linguaggio sotto forma di dottrina del significato. Heidegger adotta un approccio storico-filosofico, analizzando e interpretando meticolosamente le teorie di Duns Scoto nel contesto della scolastica medievale e del pensiero filosofico moderno. Egli sottolinea la necessità di andare oltre un'analisi puramente storica e di impegnarsi con il contenuto filosofico sistematico insito nell'opera di Scoto. Qui Heidegger pone una forte enfasi sulla categorizzazione, non solo come esercizio intellettuale, ma come strumento critico per comprendere la struttura della realtà e della conoscenza. L'analisi si addentra nelle sfumature delle categorie di Scoto, esplorando le loro implicazioni per la concettualizzazione della realtà e la formazione del significato. Questa esplorazione si basa su una chiara comprensione dello sviluppo storico di queste idee, fornendo un ricco contesto per il loro apprezzamento e la loro critica. (shrink)

Conflicting demands of love and justice are among the most vexing problems of social philosophy, moral theology, and public policy. They often have life-and-death consequences for millions. This book examines how and why love-justice conflicts arise to begin with and what we can do to reconcile their competing claims.

What is the appropriate criterion to use for distributive justice? Is it efficiency, need, contribution, entitlement, equality, effort, or ability? Globalization and Economic Ethics maintains that far from being rival principles of distributive justice, efficiency and need satisfaction are, in fact, complementary norms in our emerging knowledge economy. After all, human capital plays the central role in effecting and sustaining long-term efficiency in the Digital Age. This book explores the vital link between human capital formation and allocative efficiency using the (...) properties of the market and the knowledge economy as analytical tools. (shrink)

RESUMO: nas últimas décadas, a temática da consciência tem atraído atenção de pesquisadores em filosofia da mente, e em diversas disciplinas científicas e tecnológicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma revisão das principais escalas e métodos de avaliação do nível de consciência utilizados na área da saúde, no âmbito internacional, tendo em vista responder a indagações que emergem no contexto da prática dos profissionais de saúde. O procedimento metodológico consistiu em adotar o Monismo de Duplo Aspecto e o Monismo (...) Reflexivo como referencial teórico, e levantar os principais procedimentos relativos à avaliação do nível de consciência na área de saúde, para então discutir se aborda o fenômeno de modo conceitualmente apropriado. Concluímos que os critérios utilizados pelas escalas de avaliação do nível de consciência e pelas escalas de profundidade anestésica avaliam possibilidades de ocorrência da experiência consciente. (shrink)

This article aims to enhance social technology as a resource that induces education and well-being in maternal and child health, more specifically in contexts of social vulnerability. This is an action research, with social technology characteristics, developed between July/2022 and December/2023, with 17 women (pregnant and postpartum women) from a vulnerable community in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. Based on education in health and in an interprofessional approach, the social technology developed and called “Endowing lives” is the (...) result of demands previously identified, discussed and implemented with the research participants and local health professionals. The social technology developed expanded interprofessional possibilities, promoted preventive health measures and contributed to the empowerment of pregnant and postpartum women in decision-making. (shrink)

There is a tendency in decision‐making research to treat uncertainty only as a problem to be overcome. But it is also a feature that can be leveraged, particularly in social interaction. Comparing the behavior of profitable and unprofitable poker players, we reveal a strategic use of information processing that keeps decision makers unpredictable. To win at poker, a player must exploit public signals from others. But using public inputs makes it easier for an observer to reconstruct that player's strategy and (...) predict his or her behavior. How should players trade off between exploiting profitable opportunities and remaining unexploitable themselves? Using a recent multivariate approach to information theoretic data analysis and 1.75 million hands of online two‐player No‐Limit Texas Hold'em, we find that the important difference between winning and losing players is not in the amount of information they process, but how they process it. In particular, winning players are better at integrative information processing—creating new information from the interaction between their cards and their opponents’ signals. We argue that integrative information processing does not just produce better decisions, it makes decision‐making harder for others to reverse engineer, as an expert poker player's cards act like the private key in public‐key cryptography. Poker players encrypt their reasoning with the way they process information. The encryption function of integrative information processing makes it possible for players to exploit others while remaining unexploitable. By recognizing the act of information processing as a strategic behavior in its own right, we offer a detailed account of how experts use endemic uncertainty to conceal their intentions in high‐stakes competitive environments, and we highlight new opportunities between cognitive science, information theory, and game theory. (shrink)

O presente artigo apresenta os principais resultados do projeto de pesquisa “Mídia Cidadã e Desenvolvimento Sustentável: mapeamento e análise de rádios comunitárias em áreas de pressão socioambiental na Amazônia”, que busca entender a dimensão e o papel potencial das rádios comunitárias nos embates discursivos pelo desenvolvimento da região amazônica. O objeto da investigação são rádios comunitárias situadas em áreas de potencial conflito socioambiental na Amazônia Legal, o que inclui disputas por território ou pelo uso de recursos naturais, considerando-se grandes obras (...) de impacto, mas também Unidades de Conservação e Terras Indígenas nos noves estados da região. Como produto central do projeto foi gerada uma cartografia digital sobre comunicação cidadã e desenvolvimento sustentável na região, na perspectiva de gerar insumos para o fortalecimento da comunicação comunitária como espaço de contra-hegemonia midiática e consequente empoderamento de grupos locais nas decisões que afetem seu bem-estar. (shrink)