Time series forecasting is a well-known deep learning application field in which previous data are used to predict the future behavior of the series. Recently, several deep learning approaches have been proposed in which several nonlinear functions are applied to the input to obtain the output. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to improve the performance of deep learning models in time series forecasting. This method divides the model into hierarchies or levels from simpler to more complex ones. (...) Simpler levels handle smoothed versions of the input, whereas the most complex level processes the original time series. This method follows the human learning process where general/simpler tasks are performed first, and afterward, more precise/harder ones are accomplished. Our proposed methodology has been applied to the LSTM architecture, showing remarkable performance in various time series. In addition, a comparison is reported including a standard LSTM and novel methods such as DeepAR, Temporal Fusion Transformer, NBEATS and Echo State Network. (shrink)

Relational reasoning is a complex form of human cognition involving the evaluation of relations between mental representations of information. Prior studies have modified stimulus properties of relational reasoning problems and examined differences in difficulty between different problem types. While subsets of these stimulus properties have been addressed in separate studies, there has not been a comprehensive study, to our knowledge, which investigates all of these properties in the same set of stimuli. This investigative gap has resulted in different findings across (...) studies which vary in task design, making it challenging to determine what stimulus properties make relational reasoning—and the putative formation of mental models underlying reasoning—difficult. In this article, we present the Multidimensional Relational Reasoning Task, a task which systematically varied an array of stimulus properties within a single set of relational reasoning problems. Using a mixed-effects framework, we demonstrate that reasoning problems containing a greater number of the premises as well as multidimensional relations led to greater task difficulty. The MRRT has been made publicly available for use in future research, along with normative data regarding the relative difficulty of each problem. (shrink)

Hoerl & McCormack propose that animals learn sequences through an entrainment-like process, rather than tracking the temporal addresses of each event in a given sequence. However, past research suggests that animals form “temporal maps” of sequential events and also comprehend the concept of ordinal position. These findings suggest that a clarification or qualification of the authors’ hypothesis is needed.

O trabalho, em sua íntegra, foi realizado tendo como entrevistado um jovem que se autodenomina gay e negro, oriundo do Rio de Janeiro, de classe social baixa, estudante de uma escola pública do ensino médio regular, situada em uma periferia de um município localizado no interior da Bahia. Na tessitura que segue, enfatizamos os marcadores sociais de gênero/sexualidade e raça/etnia. Esses marcadores apresentaram-se como desconforto para o sujeito entrevistado, visto que não atendem às caracterizações e práticas determinadas pela heteronormatividade. Assim, (...) constatamos que há um olhar hierarquizante e verticalizado envolvendo identidades outras assim como possibilidades de vivências afetivas e sexuais diferentes daquelas determinadas pelas normas sociais. Palavras-chave: gênero; marcadores étnicos; diversidade sexual; estudante. (shrink)

Brand names constitute a form of value for commercial products, because they suppose a savings of search costs for the consumer. The law, as a consequence, has the obligation to protect brand names. But the number of attractive brand names is not infinite and sometimes companies seek brand names which are reminiscent of others. In this article a conflict between two companies for the distinctiveness of two brand names is addressed: one Spanish company used the English common noun doughnut for (...) a product similar to the American pastry, while the other company had already registered donut as a brand name, in addition to its variants. This second company sued the first on the grounds that the names were not distinctive. Here we offer the arguments presented to the judge in defense of the distinctiveness of doughnut and the judgment. (shrink)

This paper focuses on segmenting digital movie and TV series pirates and on investigating the effectiveness of piracy-combatting measures i.e., legal and educational strategies, in light of these segments. To address these research objectives, two online studies were conducted. First, 1277 valid responses were gathered with an online survey. Four pirate segments were found based on differing combinations of attitude toward piracy, ethical evaluation of piracy and feelings of guilt. The anti-pirate, conflicted pirate, cavalier pirate, and die-hard pirate can be (...) placed on a continuum of increasing pirating frequency, subjective norm, pirating self-efficacy, habit, and decreasing in perceived harm, respectively. The segments also differ in deontological and teleological orientations. Second, in an experimental mixed design, we find that the educational strategy is more effective than the legal strategy in lowering pirating intentions for the conflicted and cavalier pirate. However, both strategies fail at lowering intentions of the die-hard pirate, although perceived harm and perceived impunity were significantly influenced. These findings offer a more profound understanding of pirate segments and how they react differently to piracy-combatting measures. As a result, better strategies can be developed to control digital piracy. (shrink)

RESUMEN En este documento se presenta la traducción al español de la obra de teatro A lover of animals, escrita hace 120 años por Henry Stephens Salt, intelectual inglés activista por el trato justo hacia los humanos y los animales. Se introducen elementos que permiten al lector acercarse a la discusión planteada en la obra y se enfatiza en el personaje Claud Kersterman, médico y vivisector que expone una serie de ideas sobre la medicina, la ciencia y el valor de (...) los animales que se pueden apreciar en la actualidad. Finalmente, se resalta el valor que la literatura teatral puede tener para analizar discusiones como las que suscita el trato hacia los animales en contextos generales o particulares como el de la vivisección. ABSTRACT This document presents the Spanish translation of the play A lover of animals, written 120 years ago by Henry Stephens Salt, an English intellectual activist in favor of humans and animals being treated fairly. Elements are introduced which allow the reader to understand the discussion which is set out in the play. Emphasis is placed on the character of Claud Kersterman, a doctor and vivisector who states a series of ideas on medicine, science and the importance of animals, which can be appreciated nowadays. Finally, it is highlighted the significance that theatre literature can have to analyze discussions such as the ones given rise to by the way animals are treated in general or specific contexts such as vivisection. (shrink)

_ _ Nick Bostrom popularizó y difundió las intuiciones básicas del movimiento transhumanista desde una perspectiva filosófica. Sin embargo, hoy en día sus ideas pueden considerarse auto contradictorias respecto a su pretensión de superar al humanismo. De hecho, se podría marcar el pensamiento de Bostrom como de ultrahumanista e incluso de materialista ingenuo (Gabriel 2018, 2019). No obstante, admitiendo que la filosofía progresa en cuanto disciplina, es posible identificar pensadores transhumanistas de segunda generación, es decir, pensadores transhumanistas capaces de comprender (...) los límites y presupuestos de las intuiciones presentadas por Bostrom. Consideraremos la actividad filosófica de James Hughes y Stefan L. Sorgner como un transhumanismo de segunda generación en tanto que sus propuestas de transhumanismo son coherentes respecto de sus propios presupuestos. El caso de Hughes refleja la posibilidad de un transhumanismo democrático y consistente con las exigencias morales de nuestros tiempos, mientras que el caso de Sorgner es una invitación a edificar un transhumanismo desde presupuestos no humanistas, a saber, desde la filosofía dinámica de Nietzsche. De este modo, el transhumanismo de segunda generación sería el producto de una reflexión respecto a la coherencia de las propias condiciones de posibilidad del transhumanismo. Palabras clave: Bostrom - Materialismo ingenuo - Filosofía Dinámica - Transhumanismo democrático - Filosofía del transhumanismo. (shrink)

Filosofía de la historia, Juan Bautista Vico.--Consideraciones sobre el cristianismo.--Antecedentes para la inteligencia de la cuestión de Oriente.--Discurso acerca de las relaciones de España con otras potencias.--Discurso sobre la dictadura.--Cartas relacionadas con el discurso sobre la dictadura.--Discurso sobre la situación general de Europa.--Discurso sobre la situación de España.

It is well known that the formal system developed by Frege in Begriffsschrift is based upon the distinction between function and argument—as opposed to the traditional distinction between subject and predicate. Almost all of the modern commentaries on Frege's work suggest a semantic interpretation of this distinction, and identify it with the ontological structure of function and object, upon which Grundgesetze is based. Those commentaries agree that the system proposed by Frege in Begriffsschrift has some gaps, but it is taken (...) as an essentially correct formal system for second-order logic: the first one in the history of logic. However, there is strong textual evidence that such an interpretation should be rejected. This evidence shows that the nature of the distinction between function and argument is stated by Frege in a significantly different way: it applies only to expressions and not to entities. The formal system based on this distinction is tremendously flexible and is suitable for making explicit the logical structure of contents as well as of deductive chains. We put forward a new reconstruction of the function-argument scheme and the quantification theory in Begriffsschrift. After that, we discuss the usual semantic interpretation of Begriffsschrift and show its inconsistencies with a rigorous reading of the text. (shrink)

Emerald City: The Birth and Evolution of an Indian Gemstone Industry. By Lawrence A. Babb. Albany: SUNY Press, 2013. Pp. xii+ 220, 33 figs. $80 ; $26.95.

The similarity of documents in a large database of published Fractals articles was examined for redundancy. Three different text matching techniques were used on published Abstracts to identify redundancy candidates, and predictions were verified by reading full text versions of the redundancy candidate articles. A small fraction of the total articles in the database was judged to be redundant. This was viewed as a lower limit, because it excluded cases where the concepts remained the same, but the text was altered (...) substantially. Far more pervasive than redundant publications were publications that did not violate the letter of redundancy but rather violated the spirit of redundancy. There appeared to be widespread publication maximization strategies. Studies that resulted in one comprehensive paper decades ago now result in multiple papers that focus on one major problem, but are differentiated by parameter ranges, or other stratifying variables. This ‘paper inflation’ is due in large part to the increasing use of metrics (publications, patents, citations, etc) to evaluate research performance, and the researchers’ motivation to maximize the metrics. (shrink)

This work addresses the question of the relationships between philosophy and the history of philosophy, the latter understood as a philosophical discipline in the strict sense. Indeed, unlike what happened some fifty years ago, the debate between the history of philosophy and philosophy seems to be taking place today as an internal debate on the history of philosophy. From this point of view, it is no longer a "quarrel" (in which two opposing positions face: "history or philosophy" vs. "philosophy iff (...) history"), but rather a reflection of those who practice this discipline about our own work, insofar as our work is at the same time historical and philosophical. In this regard, the problem raised in this work focuses on the method, and inextricably linked to the method, on the object and purpose of the historiographic work in (or for) philosophy. In the present work, I propose to defend the positions of archeological philosophy regarding these points (method, object and purpose), against the history of philosophy of analytical tendency. (shrink)

In considering the possibility that the fundamental particles of matter might violate Leibniz's Principle, one is confronted with logical proofs that the Principle is a Theorem of Logic. This paper shows that the proof of that theorem is not universal enough to encompass entities that might not be unique, and also strongly suggests that photons, for example, do violate Leibniz's Principle. It also shows that the existence of non-individuals would imply the breakdown of Quine's criterion of ontological commitment.

El presente trabajo se propone examinar la objeción de Leibniz a E1p2 y E1p5 y responder a ella. La objeción es conocida: es falso, según Leibniz, que dos substancias de atributos diversos no tengan nada en común (i. e., E1p2) y, por consiguiente, que en la naturaleza no puedan darse dos o más substancias de mismo atributo (i. e., E1p5). Defiendo que E1p2 y, por tanto, E1p5 resisten a la objeción de Leibniz. Para ello, abordo, primero, el sentido y la (...) función de E1p2 a fin de determinar dos posibles contextos en que la demostración es válida: el contexto delimitado por la doctrina cartesiana del atributo principal y el contexto escolástico de la doctrina lógica de la diversidad esencial. Segundo, examino la objeción de Leibniz, con lo que determino de manera más precisa el marco epistémico tanto de E1p2d como de la objeción de Leibniz. Tercero, propongo un análisis crítico de la objeción de Leibniz a fin de mostrar que, si bien esta objeción tiene cierta apariencia de validez, si consideramos únicamente lo enunciado por Spinoza en las definiciones y axiomas anteriores a E1p2, esta entraña una contradicción. Por último, indico el punto de mayor dificultad en la demostración de E1p2 para proponer una pequeña rectificación a fin de volverla inmune a la objeción de Leibniz. (shrink)

John Cort explores the narratives by which the Jains have explained the presence of icons of Jinas that are worshiped and venerated in the hundreds of thousands of Jain temples throughout India. Most of these narratives portray icons favorably, and so justify their existence; but there are also narratives originating among iconoclastic Jain communities that see the existence of temple icons as a sign of decay and corruption. The veneration of Jina icons is one of the most widespread of all (...) Jain ritual practices. Nearly every Jain community in India has one or more elaborate temples, and as the Jains become a global community there are now dozens of temples in North America, Europe, Africa, and East Asia. The cult of temples and icons goes back at least two thousand years, and indeed the largest of the four main subdivisions of the Jains are called Murtipujakas, or "Icon Worshipers." A careful reading of narratives ranging over the past 15 centuries, says Cort, reveals a level of anxiety and defensiveness concerning icons, although overt criticism of the icons only became explicit in the last 500 years. He provides detailed studies of the most important pro- and anti-icon narratives. Some are in the form of histories of the origins and spread of icons. Others take the form of cosmological descriptions, depicting a vast universe filled with eternal Jain icons. Finally, Cort looks at more psychological explanations of the presence of icons, in which icons are defended as necessary spiritual corollaries to the very fact of human embodiedness. (shrink)

Firm managers play an important role in the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions. Education is emerging as the key factor in developing a sense of moral responsibility amongst the business students who will eventually become company managers and decision makers. The aim of this research is, thus, twofold. First, to analyze the existence of a direct positive correlation between university students’ perception of CSR and its impact on business performance; and second, to examine the extent to which two (...) factors (advantages brought by CSR and responsibilities toward stakeholders) act as mediation variables in the aforementioned correlation. The analysis was performed with a sample of 390 business‐related university students. Amongst the potential contributions made by this study we can highlight the possibility of knowing future managers’ way of thinking and of knowing the aspects where educational centers might improve their CSR teaching. (shrink)

The article analyzes three different cases of clinical research in which children are asked to participate. Participation of children in researches is one of the major challenges for Bioethics and societies nowadays due to the tensions and issues concerning the guarantee of rights in clinical research, the responsibilities of the different actors involved, and the purpose of improving the quality of life without affecting scientific freedom and new knowledge production. The aim of the article is to establish the way in (...) which autonomy is exercised, considering ethical and regulative aspects within clinical research involving children. In order to achieve such a purpose, case study research methodology is employed, revealing the tensions and ethical issues involved in this particular kind of clinical research as well as considering international documents and the national regulation regarding this particular problem. (shrink)

Humility is increasingly recognized as an essential attribute for individuals at top management levels to build successful organizations. However, research on CEO humility has focused on how humble chief executive officers (CEOs) shape collective perceptions through their interactions and behaviors with other organizational members while overlooking CEOs’ critical role in making strategic decisions. We address this unexplored aspect of CEO humility by proposing that humble CEOs influence decision-making decentralization at the top management team (TMT) and subsequently promote an organizational ethical (...) culture. Using a sample of CEOs and TMT members from 120 small- and medium-sized enterprises, we find strong support for our hypotheses. We discuss important implications for research on CEO humility and strategic leadership. (shrink)

Este artículo indaga acerca de la noción de “trasfondo” (background) en la filosofía de Charles Taylor y busca complementarla con las reflexiones de Hubert Dreyfus. Esta noción busca contrarrestar el representacionismo cognitivo, que tuvo un tremendo impulso con Descartes y que fue perpetuado por la epistemología moderna. El representacionismo, para Taylor, nos abre a antropologías basadas en ontologías de la desvinculación (dualismo y monismo mecanicista) y esta impronta influye decididamente en la filosofía moderna y contemporánea pese a corrientes filosóficas que (...) afirman superarlo. Para Dreyfus, la noción de “trasfondo” se vincula con nuestras prácticas sociales y el polémico Uno heideggeriano (das Man) es su lugar privilegiado de trasmisión; es también aquello que derrumbaría definitivamente el legado representacionista cartesiano. (shrink)

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between the phenomenological epoché and the phenomenological problem of the relationship between the consciousness and the world. Initially, the article examines the first implication of the exercise of epoché : the idea of "loss of the world." Then examines the second implication of this exercise: the idea of "recovery of the world" in the transcendental consciousness. Finally, the article elucidates the specificity of phenomenological idealism of Husserl. The widespread exercise of the epoché does (...) not imply a denial of the existence of the world. The task of this idealism is elucidate the phenomenological sense of this world that is formed intentionally in the transcendental subjectivity. (shrink)

O presente artigo encontra-se dividido em três partes. Inicialmente, apresenta a doutrina teleológica das ciências na fenomenologia de Husserl. Em seguida, concentra-se sobre o “princípio metodológico da evidência”, de acordo com o qual as ciências não apenas querem formular juízos sobre objetos, mas fundá-los na evidência. Na terceira parte, o artigo aborda a “hierarquia das evidências”, na qual notamos que toda evidência predicativa implica em uma evidência pré-predicativa. O exame desta última revela, por fim, uma teleologia originária da vida intencional.

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} ampliaçáo da idéia de “auto-reflexáo da consciência” assume um importante papel na fenomenologia transcendental. O exercício do método adotado pela fenomenologia desloca a atençáo para a auto-reflexáo transcendental dentro da qual e a partir da qual os objetos seriam apreendidos e constituídos intuitivamente. Deparamo-nos, entáo, com uma reflexividade empírica (...) e com uma reflexividade transcendental. Tal ampliaçáo desta auto-reflexáo da consciência remete-nos para a influência que a leitura de Kant exercerá, na primeira década do século XX, sobre o projeto filosófico husserliano. Remete-nos para a distinçáo que Kant nos apresenta entre “apercepçáo empírica” (ou “psicológica”) e “apercepçáo transcendental”. (shrink)