Results for ' ingroup'

145 found
Order:
  1.  33
    Reducing Ingroup Bias in Ethical Consumption: The Role of Construal Levels and Social Goodwill.Diego Costa Pinto, Adilson Borges, Márcia Maurer Herter & Mário Boto Ferreira - 2020 - Business Ethics Quarterly 30 (1):31-63.
    ABSTRACT:Business ethics research has long been interested in understanding the conditions under which ethical consumption is consistent versus context-dependent. Extant research suggests that many consumers fail to make consistent ethical consumption decisions and tend to engage in ethical decisions associated with ingroup identity cues. To fill this gap, four experiments examine how construal levels moderate the influence of ingroup versus outgroup identity cues in ethical consumption. The studies support the contention that when consumers use concrete construal to process (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  2.  23
    Ingroups and Outgroups in Complaints: Exploring Politic Behaviour in Nurses’ Discourse.Mariana Virginia Lazzaro-Salazar - 2017 - Logos: Revista de Lingüística, Filosofía y Literatura 27 (2):319-333.
    The relevance of social norms for understanding appropriate behaviour in context has taken central stage in politeness research in recent years, and particularly in studies of workplace interaction. As an example of this research, this paper explores the way in which a group of nurses interacting with their colleagues negotiates complaints. The data were collected in a ward of a public healthcare institution in New Zealand and consist of audio and video recordings of four roster meetings involving nurses and nurse (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  3.  45
    Hypnotic ingroup–outgroup suggestion influences economic decision-making in an Ultimatum Game.Martin Brüne, Cumhur Tas, Julia Wischniewski, Anna Welpinghus, Christine Heinisch & Albert Newen - 2012 - Consciousness and Cognition 21 (2):939-946.
    Studies in economic decision-making have demonstrated that individuals appreciate social values supporting equity and disapprove unfairness when distributing goods between two or more parties. However, this seems to critically depend on psychological mechanisms partly pertaining to the ingroup–outgroup distinction. Little is known as to what extent economic bargaining can be manipulated by means of psychological interventions such has hypnosis. Here we show that a hypnotic ingroup versus outgroup suggestion impacts the tolerance of unfairness in an Ultimatum Game. Specifically, (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  4.  62
    (1 other version)Ingroups and Outgroups.Donna J. Wood - 1998 - The Ruffin Series of the Society for Business Ethics 1:173-178.
    I am foregoing the discussant's critical role in favor of a short examination of how one sociologist's imagination is tantalized and irritated by some of the ideas and interconnections of Professor Messick's paper. The question is, when it comes to ingroups and outgroups, why does race matter? Why does sex or gender matter? I will briefly make four points about sociobiology, favoritism toward the ingroup, hostility toward the outgroup, and finally, the conflict theorist's favorite topic - resource allocation.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  5. Ingrouping, Outgrouping, and the Pragmatics of Peripheral Speech.Cassie Herbert & Rebecca Kukla - 2016 - Journal of the American Philosophical Association 2 (4):576-596.
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  6.  24
    Ingroups and Outgroups in Complaints: Exploring Politic Behaviour in Nurses’ Discourse.María Virginia Lazaro-Salazar - 2017 - Logos: Revista de Lingüística, Filosofía y Literatura 27 (2):319-333.
    The relevance of social norms for understanding appropriate behaviour in context has taken central stage in politeness research in recent years, and particularly in studies of workplace interaction. As an example of this research, this paper explores the way in which a group of nurses interacting with their colleagues negotiates complaints. The data were collected in a ward of a public healthcare institution in New Zealand and consist of audio and video recordings of four roster meetings involving nurses and nurse (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  7.  41
    Between Conspiracy Beliefs, Ingroup Bias, and System Justification: How People Use Defense Strategies to Cope With the Threat of COVID-19.Chiara A. Jutzi, Robin Willardt, Petra C. Schmid & Eva Jonas - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    The current situation around COVID-19 portrays a threat to us in several ways: It imposes uncertainty, a lack of control and reminds us of our own mortality. People around the world have reacted to these threats in seemingly unrelated ways: From stockpiling yeast and toilet paper to favoring nationalist ideas or endorsing conspiratorial beliefs. According to the General Process Model of Threat and Defense the confrontation with a threat - a discrepant experience - makes humans react with both proximal and (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  8.  41
    Cognitive Mechanisms of Ingroup/Outgroup Distinction.Alexander V. Shkurko - 2015 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 45 (2):188-213.
    People use social categories to perceive and interact with the social world. Different categorizations often share similar cognitive, affective and behavioral features. This leads to a hypothesis of the common representational forms of social categorization. Studies in social categorization often use the terms “ingroup” and “outgroup” without clear conceptualization of the terms. I argue that the ingroup/outgroup distinction should be treated as an elementary relational ego-centric form of social categorization based on specific cognitive mechanisms. Such an abstract relational (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  9.  76
    (1 other version)Altruism, Ingroups, and Fairness.Edwin M. Hartman - 1998 - The Ruffin Series of the Society for Business Ethics 1:179-185.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  10.  44
    Stereotypes, Ingroup Emotions and the Inner Predictive Machinery of Testimony.José M. Araya & Simón Palacios - 2022 - Topoi 41 (5):871-882.
    The reductionist/anti-reductionist debate about testimonial justification (and knowledge) can be taken to collapse into a controversy about two kinds of underlying monitoring mechanism. The nature and structure of this mechanism remains an enigma in the debate. We suggest that the underlying monitoring mechanism amounts to emotion-based stereotyping. Our main argument in favor of the stereotype hypothesis about testimonial monitoring is that the underlying psychological mechanism responsible for testimonial monitoring has several conditions to satisfy. Each of these conditions is satisfied by (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  11.  29
    Preschoolers Favor Their Ingroup When Resources Are Limited.Kristy Jia Jin Lee, Gianluca Esposito & Peipei Setoh - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9:398351.
    The present study examined how two- to four-year-old preschoolers in Singapore (N = 202) balance fairness and ingroup loyalty in resource distribution. Specifically, we investigated whether children would enact fair distributions as defined by an equality rule, or show partiality toward their ingroup when distributing resources, and the conditions under which one distributive strategy may take precedence over the other. In Experiment 1, children distributed four different pairs of toys between two puppets. In the Group condition, one puppet (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  12.  50
    (1 other version)A minimal ingroup advantage in emotion identification confidence.Steven G. Young & John Paul Wilson - 2016 - Cognition and Emotion:1-8.
    Emotion expressions convey valuable information about others’ internal states and likely behaviours. Accurately identifying expressions is critical for social interactions, but so is perceiver confidence when decoding expressions. Even if a perceiver correctly labels an expression, uncertainty may impair appropriate behavioural responses and create uncomfortable interactions. Past research has found that perceivers report greater confidence when identifying emotions displayed by cultural ingroup members, an effect attributed to greater perceptual skill and familiarity with own-culture than other-culture faces. However, the current (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  13.  81
    Climate Justice: High‐Status Ingroup Social Models Increase Pro‐Environmental Action Through Making Actions Seem More Moral.Joseph Sweetman & Lorraine E. Whitmarsh - 2016 - Topics in Cognitive Science 8 (1):196-221.
    Recent work has suggested that our cognitive biases and moral psychology may pose significant barriers to tackling climate change. Here, we report evidence that through status and group-based social influence processes, and our moral sense of justice, it may be possible to employ such characteristics of the human mind in efforts to engender pro-environmental action. We draw on applied work demonstrating the efficacy of social modeling techniques in order to examine the indirect effects of social model status and group membership (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  14.  70
    Children and Adolescents’ Ingroup Biases and Developmental Differences in Evaluations of Peers Who Misinform.Aqsa Farooq, Eirini Ketzitzidou Argyri, Anna Adlam & Adam Rutland - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Previous developmental research shows that young children display a preference for ingroup members when it comes to who they accept information from – even when that information is false. However, it is not clear how this ingroup bias develops into adolescence, and how it affects responses about peers who misinform in intergroup contexts, which is important to explore with growing numbers of young people on online platforms. Given that the developmental span from childhood to adolescence is when social (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  15. Two Faces of Shame: Moral Shame and Image Shame Differently Predict Positive and Negative Responses to Ingroup Wrongdoing.Rupert Brown, Jesse Allpress, Roger Giner Sorolla, Julien Deonna & Fabrice Teroni - 2014 - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 40 (10):1270-1284.
    This article proposes distinctions between guilt and two forms of shame: Guilt arises from a violated norm and is characterized by a focus on specific behavior; shame can be characterized by a threatened social image (Image Shame) or a threatened moral essence (Moral Shame). Applying this analysis to group-based emotions, three correlational studies are reported, set in the context of atrocities committed by (British) ingroup members during the Iraq war (Ns = 147, 256, 399). Results showed that the two (...)
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  16.  32
    The development of ingroup favoritism in repeated social dilemmas.Angela R. Dorrough, Andreas Glöckner, Dshamilja M. Hellmann & Irena Ebert - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
  17.  38
    La punizione e la cooperazione in contesti di ingroup e outgroup.Rosalba Morese - 2018 - Rivista Internazionale di Filosofia e Psicologia 9 (3):286-301.
    Riassunto: In letteratura è nota la tendenza delle persone a punire i comportamenti sleali, anche nel caso in cui tali comportamenti non li riguardino direttamente, e tale punizione possa implicare un costo personale. Sono stati individuati differenti comportamenti di punizione: la punizione altruistica, la punizione di comportamenti sleali ; l’altruismo parrocchiale, la tendenza attraverso la punizione a proteggere e favorire, anche senza alcun guadagno personale, i membri del proprio gruppo a scapito di quelli di altri gruppi, e la punizione antisociale, (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  18.  18
    Neural Correlates of Racial Ingroup Bias in Observing Computer-Animated Social Encounters.Yuta Katsumi & Sanda Dolcos - 2018 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 11.
  19.  40
    The Destructive Effect of Ingroup Competition on Ingroup Favoritism.Youxia Zuo, Bing Chen & Yufang Zhao - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  20.  13
    Selfish genes and ingroup altruism.Allan Gibbard - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (4):706-707.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  21.  14
    Chinese language teachers’ dichotomous identities when teaching ingroup and outgroup students.Haijiao Chen, Wanting Sun, Jinghe Han & Qiaoyun Liu - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Research into second language teacher identity has experienced a shift in recent years from a cognitive perspective to social constructionist orientation. The existing research in Chinese language literature in relation to Foreign Language teachers’ identity shift is principally in relation to the change of social, cultural, and institutional contexts. Built on the current literature, this research asks: “How might teachers’ self-images or self-conceptualizations be renegotiated when they are located within their own mainstream cultural and educational system, yet comprised of students (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  22.  17
    The Influence of Robot Verbal Support on Human Team Members: Encouraging Outgroup Contributions and Suppressing Ingroup Supportive Behavior.Sarah Sebo, Ling Liang Dong, Nicholas Chang, Michal Lewkowicz, Michael Schutzman & Brian Scassellati - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    As teams of people increasingly incorporate robot members, it is essential to consider how a robot's actions may influence the team's social dynamics and interactions. In this work, we investigated the effects of verbal support from a robot on human team members' interactions related to psychological safety and inclusion. We conducted a between-subjects experiment where the robot team member either gave verbal support or did not give verbal support to the human team members of a human-robot team comprised of 2 (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  23.  14
    Self-sacrifice for ingroup's history: A diachronic perspective—ERRATUM.Maria Babińska & Michal Bilewicz - 2019 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 42.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  24. Slang, Argot and Ingroup Codes.C. Eble - 2005 - In Keith Brown (ed.), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  25.  29
    The infamous among us: Enhanced reputational memory for uncooperative ingroup members.Stefanie Hechler, Franz J. Neyer & Thomas Kessler - 2016 - Cognition 157 (C):1-13.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  26.  18
    Insights From fMRI Studies Into Ingroup Bias.Pascal Molenberghs & Winnifred R. Louis - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  27.  20
    Under Victimization by an Outgroup: Belief in a Just World, National Identification, and Ingroup Blame.Isabel Correia, Cicero R. Pereira & Jorge Vala - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  28.  21
    Nature vs. nurture and the flexibility of gender stereotypes: Counterstereotypical information can both diminish and enhance ingroup stereotyping.Philip Broemer & Adam Grabowski - forthcoming - Polish Psychological Bulletin.
  29.  26
    “I Want, Therefore I Am” – Anticipated Upward Mobility Reduces Ingroup Concern.Marion Chipeaux, Clara Kulich, Vincenzo Iacoviello & Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  30.  17
    Disease Threat and the Functional Flexibility of Ingroup Derogation.Qi Wu, Shuang Yang & Ping Zhou - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  31.  45
    Reminders of behavioral disinhibition increase public conformity in the Asch paradigm and behavioral affiliation with ingroup members.Kees van den Bos, E. A. Lind, Jeroen Bommelé & Sebastian D. J. VandeVondele - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  32.  18
    A Price Paid for Our Internal Strife: Escalated Intragroup Aggression and the Evolution of Ingroup Derogation.Qi Wu, Wang Liu, Chen Li, Xiongfeng Li & Ping Zhou - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  33.  20
    For the Sake of the Ingroup: The Double-Edged Effects of Collectivism on Workplace Unethical Behavior.Chao C. Chen, Oliver J. Sheldon, Mo Chen & Scott J. Reynolds - 2024 - Business Ethics Quarterly 34 (4):570-604.
    The existing literature provides conflicting evidence of whether a collectivistic value orientation is associated with ethical or unethical behavior. To address this confusion, we integrate collectivism theory and research with prior work on social identity, moral boundedness, group morality, and moral identity to develop a model of the double-edged effects of collectivism on employee conduct. We argue that collectivism is morally bounded depending on who the other is, and thus it inhibits employees’ motivation to engage in unethical pro-self behavior, yet (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  34.  27
    Reducing intergroup discrimination by manipulating ingroup outgroup homogeneity and by individuating ingroup and outgroup members.Norbert Vanbeselaere - 1988 - Communication and Cognition: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly Journal 21 (2):191-198.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  35.  27
    Who did it? Moral wrongness for us and them in the UK, US, and Brazil.Paulo Sérgio Boggio, Gabriel Gaudêncio Rêgo, Jim A. C. Everett, Graziela Bonato Vieira, Rose Graves & Walter Sinnott-Armstrong - forthcoming - Philosophical Psychology.
    Morality has traditionally been described in terms of an impartial and objective “moral law”, and moral psychological research has largely followed in this vein, focusing on abstract moral judgments. But might our moral judgments be shaped not just by what the action is, but who is doing it? We looked at ratings of moral wrongness, manipulating whether the person doing the action was a friend, a refugee, or a stranger. We looked at these ratings across various moral foundations, and conducted (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  36.  21
    Empathic Neural Responses Predict Group Allegiance.Don A. Vaughn, Ricky R. Savjani, Mark S. Cohen & David M. Eagleman - 2018 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12:372403.
    Watching another person in pain activates brain areas involved in the sensation of our own pain. Importantly, this neural mirroring is not constant; rather, it is modulated by our beliefs about their intentions, circumstances, and group allegiances. We investigated if the neural empathic response is modulated by minimally-differentiating information (e.g., a simple text label indicating another’s religious belief), and if neural activity changes predict ingroups and outgroups across independent paradigms. We found that the empathic response was larger when participants viewed (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  37.  24
    Cognitive Inflexibility Predicts Extremist Attitudes.Leor Zmigrod, Peter Jason Rentfrow & Trevor W. Robbins - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10:424519.
    Research into the roots of ideological extremism has traditionally focused on the social, economic, and demographic factors that make people vulnerable to adopting hostile attitudes toward outgroups. However, there is insufficient empirical work on individual differences in implicit cognition and information processing styles that amplify an individual’s susceptibility to endorsing violence to protect an ideological cause or group. Here we present original evidence that objectively assessed cognitive inflexibility predicts extremist attitudes, including a willingness to harm others, and sacrifice one’s life (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  38.  54
    Who made the paintings: Artists or artificial intelligence? The effects of identity on liking and purchase intention.Li Gu & Yong Li - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Investigating how people respond to and view AI-created artworks is becoming increasingly crucial as the technology’s current application spreads due to its affordability and accessibility. This study examined how AI art alters people’s evaluation, purchase intention, and collection intention toward Chinese-style and Western-style paintings, and whether art expertise plays a role. Study 1 recruited participants without professional art experience and found that those who made the paintings would not change their liking rating, purchase intention, and collection intention. In addition, they (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  39.  24
    Moving Morality Beyond the In-Group: Liberals and Conservatives Show Differences on Group-Framed Moral Foundations and These Differences Mediate the Relationships to Perceived Bias and Threat.Brandon D. Stewart & David S. M. Morris - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Moral foundations research suggests that liberals care about moral values related to individual rights such as harm and fairness, while conservatives care about those foundations in addition to caring more about group rights such as loyalty, authority, and purity. However, the question remains about how conservatives and liberals differ in relation to group-level moral principles. We used two versions of the moral foundations questionnaire with the target group being either abstract or specific ingroups or outgroups. Across three studies, we observed (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  40.  56
    A New Appraisal-Based Framework Underlying Hope in Conflict Resolution.Eran Halperin, Richard J. Crisp & Smadar Cohen-Chen - 2017 - Emotion Review 9 (3):208-214.
    Hope is a positive emotion that plays a pivotal role in intractable conflicts and conflict resolution processes by inducing conciliatory attitudes for peace. As a catalyser for conflict resolution, it is important to further understand hope in such contexts. In this article we present a novel framework for understanding hope in contexts of intergroup conflict. Utilizing appraisal theory of emotions and heavily relying on the implicit theories framework, we describe three targets upon which hope appraisals focus in intractable conflict—the conflict, (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  41.  84
    A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Ethical Orientations and Willingness to Sacrifice Ethical Standards: China Versus Peru.Christopher J. Robertson, Bradley J. Olson, K. Matthew Gilley & Yongjian Bao - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 81 (2):413-425.
    Despite an increase in international business ethics research in recent years, the number of studies focused on Latin America and China has been deficient. As trade among Pacific Rim nations increases, an understanding of the ethical beliefs of the people in this region of the world will become increasingly important. In the current study 208 respondents from Peru and China are queried about their ethical ideologies, firm practices, and commitment to organizational performance. The empirical results reveal that Chinese workers are (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  42.  57
    Evaluations Versus Expectations: Children's Divergent Beliefs About Resource Distribution.Jasmine M. DeJesus, Marjorie Rhodes & Katherine D. Kinzler - 2014 - Cognitive Science 38 (1):178-193.
    Past research reveals a tension between children's preferences for egalitarianism and ingroup favoritism when distributing resources to others. Here we investigate how children's evaluations and expectations of others' behaviors compare. Four- to 10-year-old children viewed events where individuals from two different groups distributed resources to their own group, to the other group, or equally across groups. Groups were described within a context of intergroup competition over scarce resources. In the Evaluation condition, children were asked to evaluate which resource distribution (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  43.  33
    Signalling, commitment, and strategic absurdities.Daniel Williams - 2022 - Mind and Language 37 (5):1011-1029.
    Why do well‐functioning psychological systems sometimes give rise to absurd beliefs that are radically misaligned with reality? Drawing on signalling theory, I develop and explore the hypothesis that groups often embrace beliefs that are viewed as absurd by outsiders as a means of signalling ingroup commitment. I clarify the game‐theoretic and psychological underpinnings of this hypothesis, I contrast it with similar proposals about the signalling functions of beliefs, and I motivate several psychological and sociological predictions that could be used (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  44.  55
    (1 other version)Social Categories and Business Ethics.David M. Messick - 1998 - The Ruffin Series of the Society for Business Ethics 1:149-172.
    In this article, I want to draw attention to one strand ofthe complex web of processes that are involved when people group others, including themselves, into social categories. I will focus on the tendency to treat members of one's own group more favorably than nonmembers, a tendency that has been called ingroup favoritism. The structure of the article has three parts. First I will offer anevolutionary argument as to why ingroup favoritism, or something very much like it, is (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  45.  69
    Children’s developing metaethical judgments.Marco F. H. Schmidt, Ivan Gonzalez-Cabrera & Michael Tomasello - 2017 - Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 164:163-177.
    Human adults incline toward moral objectivism but may approach things more relativistically if different cultures are involved. In this study, 4-, 6-, and 9-year-old children (N = 136) witnessed two parties who disagreed about moral matters: a normative judge (e.g., judging that it is wrong to do X) and an antinormative judge (e.g., judging that it is okay to do X). We assessed children’s metaethical judgment, that is, whether they judged that only one party (objectivism) or both parties (relativism) could (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  46.  84
    Selfishness examined: Cooperation in the absence of egoistic incentives.Linnda R. Caporael, Robyn M. Dawes, John M. Orbell & Alphons J. C. van de Kragt - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (4):683-699.
    Social dilemmas occur when the pursuit of self-interest by individuals in a group leads to less than optimal collective outcomes for everyone in the group. A critical assumption in the human sciences is that people's choices in such dilemmas are individualistic, selfish, and rational. Hence, cooperation in the support of group welfare will only occur if there are selfish incentives that convert the social dilemma into a nondilemma. In recent years, inclusive fitness theories have lent weight to such traditional views (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   82 citations  
  47.  19
    The Origins of Intergroup Resource Inequality Influence Children’s Decision to Perpetuate or Rectify Inequality.Jing An, Jing Yu & Liqi Zhu - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    Previous studies have explored children’s intergroup resource allocation in the context of preexisting intergroup resource inequality. However, resource inequality between social groups often originates from different factors. This study explored the role of the origins of resource inequality on children’s intergroup resource allocations. In experiment 1, when there was no explicit origin of the intergroup inequality, children of different ages mainly allocated resources in an equal way and 5- to 6-year-olds showed ingroup bias. In experiment 2, we examined the (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  48. Speciesism and tribalism: Embarrassing origins.François Jaquet - 2022 - Philosophical Studies 179 (3):933-954.
    Animal ethicists have been debating the morality of speciesism for over forty years. Despite rather persuasive arguments against this form of discrimination, many philosophers continue to assign humans a higher moral status than nonhuman animals. The primary source of evidence for this position is our intuition that humans’ interests matter more than the similar interests of other animals. And it must be acknowledged that this intuition is both powerful and widespread. But should we trust it for all that? The present (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  49. Intergroup conflicts in human evolution: A critical review of the parochial altruism model(人間進化における集団間紛争 ―偏狭な利他性モデルを中心に―).Hisashi Nakao, Kohei Tamura & Tomomi Nakagawa - 2023 - Japanese Psychological Review 65 (2):119-134.
    The evolution of altruism in human societies has been intensively investigated in social and natural sciences. A widely acknowledged recent idea is the “parochial altruism model,” which suggests that inter- group hostility and intragroup altruism can coevolve through lethal intergroup conflicts. The current article critically examines this idea by reviewing research relevant to intergroup conflicts in human evolutionary history from evolutionary biology, psychology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology. After a brief intro- duction, section 2 illustrates the mathematical model of parochial altruism (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  50.  62
    Are Ethical Codes of Conduct Toothless Tigers for Dealing with Employment Discrimination?Lars-Eric Petersen & Franciska Krings - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 85 (4):501-514.
    This study examined the influence of two organizational context variables, codes of conduct and supervisor advice, on personnel decisions in an experimental simulation. Specifically, we studied personnel evaluations and decisions in a situation where codes of conduct conflict with supervisor advice. Past studies showed that supervisors’ advice to prefer ingroup over outgroup candidates leads to discriminatory personnel selection decisions. We extended this line of research by studying how codes of conduct and code enforcement may reduce this form of discrimination. (...)
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
1 — 50 / 145