Results for ' failures'

987 found
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  1.  97
    On the Origin, Content, and Relevance of the Market Failures Approach.Jeffrey Moriarty - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 165 (1):113-124.
    The view of business ethics that Christopher McMahon calls the “implicit morality of the market” and Joseph Heath calls the “market failures approach” has received a significant amount of recent attention. The idea of this view is that we can derive an ethics for market participants by thinking about the “point” of market activity, and asking what the world would have to be like for this point to be realized. While this view has been much-discussed, it is still not (...)
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  2. Subjective discriminability of invisibility: A framework for distinguishing perceptual and attentional failures of awareness.Ryota Kanai, Vincent Walsh & Chia-Huei Tseng - 2010 - Consciousness and Cognition 19 (4):1045-1057.
    Conscious visual perception can fail in many circumstances. However, little is known about the causes and processes leading to failures of visual awareness. In this study, we introduce a new signal detection measure termed subjective discriminability of invisibility that allows one to distinguish between subjective blindness due to reduction of sensory signals or to lack of attentional access to sensory signals. The SDI is computed based upon subjective confidence in reporting the absence of a target . Using this new (...)
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  3.  95
    The Implicit Morality of the Market and Joseph Heath’s Market Failures Approach to Business Ethics.Marc A. Cohen & Dean Peterson - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 159 (1):75-88.
    Joseph Heath defends competitive markets and conceptualizes business ethics with reference to Pareto efficiency, which he takes to be the “implicit morality of the market.” His justification for markets is that they generate Pareto efficient outcomes, meaning that markets optimally satisfy consumer preferences. And, for Heath, business ethics is the set of normative constraints—regulation and beyond-compliance norms—needed to preserve that outcome. The present paper accepts Heath’s claim that the economic justification for markets is ethical, in that satisfying consumer preferences is (...)
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  4.  75
    Rethinking the Ethics of Corporate Political Activities in a Post-Citizens United Era: Political Equality, Corporate Citizenship, and Market Failures.Pierre-Yves Néron - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 136 (4):715-728.
    The aim of this paper is to provide some insights for a normative theory of corporate political activities. Such a theory aims to provide theoretical tools to investigate the legitimacy of corporate political involvement and allows us to determine which political activities and relations with government regulators are appropriate or inappropriate, permissible or impermissible, obligatory or forbidden for corporations. After having explored what I call the “normative presumption of legitimacy” of CPAs, this paper identifies three different plausible strategies to criticize (...)
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  5.  42
    Unethical, neurotic, or both? A psychoanalytic account of ethical failures within organizations.Simone de Colle & R. Edward Freeman - 2020 - Business Ethics 29 (1):167-179.
    This paper aims to integrate insights from psychoanalytic theory into business ethics research on the sources of ethical failures within organizations. We particularly draw from the analysis of sources and outcomes of neurotic processes that are part of human development, as described by the psychoanalyst Karen Horney and more recently by Manfred Kets de Vries; we interpret their insights from a stakeholder theory perspective. Business ethics research seems to have overlooked how “neurotic management styles” could be the antecedents of (...)
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  6.  72
    Morality, Competition, and the Firm: The Market Failures Approach to Business Ethics.Joseph Heath (ed.) - 2014 - New York: Oup Usa.
    In four new and nine previously published essays, Joseph Heath provides a compelling new framework for thinking about the moral obligations of economic actors. The "market failures" approach to business ethics that he develops provides the basis for a unified theory of business ethics, corporate law, economic regulation, and the welfare state.
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  7.  36
    Unethical, neurotic, or both? A psychoanalytic account of ethical failures within organizations.Simone Colle & R. Edward Freeman - 2020 - Business Ethics 29 (1):167-179.
    This paper aims to integrate insights from psychoanalytic theory into business ethics research on the sources of ethical failures within organizations. We particularly draw from the analysis of sources and outcomes of neurotic processes that are part of human development, as described by the psychoanalyst Karen Horney and more recently by Manfred Kets de Vries; we interpret their insights from a stakeholder theory perspective. Business ethics research seems to have overlooked how “neurotic management styles” could be the antecedents of (...)
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  8.  91
    Successes and Failures of Hospital Ethics Committees: A National Survey of Ethics Committee Chairs.Glenn Mcgee, Joshua P. Spanogle, Arthur L. Caplan, Dina Penny & David A. Asch - 2002 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 11 (1):87-93.
    In 1992, the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) passed a mandate that all its approved hospitals put in place a means for addressing ethical concerns.Although the particular process the hospital uses to address such concernsmay vary, the hospital or healthcare ethics committee (HEC) is used most often. In a companion study to that reported here, we found that in 1998 over 90% of U.S. hospitals had ethics committees, compared to just 1% in 1983, and that many (...)
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  9.  41
    Learning Lessons from COVID-19 Requires Recognizing Moral Failures.Maxwell J. Smith & Ross E. G. Upshur - 2020 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 17 (4):563-566.
    The most powerful lesson learned from the 2013-2016 outbreak of Ebola in West Africa was that we do not learn our lessons. A common sentiment at the time was that Ebola served as a “wake-up call”—an alarm which signalled that an outbreak of that magnitude should never have occurred and that we are ill-prepared globally to prevent and respond to them when they do. Pledges were made that we must learn from the outbreak before we were faced with another. Nearly (...)
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  10.  59
    Understanding democratic conflicts: The failures of agonistic theory.Vincent August - 2024 - European Journal of Political Theory 23 (2):182-203.
    Western democracies experience profound conflicts that induce concerns about polarization and social cohesion. Yet although conflicts are a core feature of democracies, the forms, functions, and dynamics of democratic conflicts have rarely been subject of political theory. This paper aims at furthering our understanding of democratic conflicts. It analyzes the theory of conflict in Mouffe's agonistic pluralism, confronts it with sociological conflict theory, and presents concrete points of departure for a more comprehensive theory of democratic conflicts. The paper, thus, contributes (...)
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  11. A selectionist explanation for the success and failures of science.K. Brad Wray - 2007 - Erkenntnis 67 (1):81-89.
    I argue that van Fraassen’s selectionist explanation for the success of science is superior to the realists’ explanation. Whereas realists argue that our current theories are successful because they accurately reflect the structure of the world, the selectionist claims that our current theories are successful because unsuccessful theories have been eliminated. I argue that, unlike the explanation proposed by the realist, the selectionist explanation can also account for the failures of once successful theories and the fact that sometimes two (...)
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  12.  56
    Ebola and Learning Lessons from Moral Failures: Who Cares about Ethics?Maxwell J. Smith & Ross E. G. Upshur - 2015 - Public Health Ethics 8 (3):305-318.
    The exercise of identifying lessons in the aftermath of a major public health emergency is of immense importance for the improvement of global public health emergency preparedness and response. Despite the persistence of the Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in West Africa, it seems that the Ebola ‘lessons learned’ exercise is now in full swing. On our assessment, a significant shortcoming plagues recent articulations of lessons learned, particularly among those emerging from organizational reflections. In this article we argue that, despite not (...)
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  13.  52
    On experiments to detect possible failures of relativity theory.Waldyr Alves Rodrigues & Jayme Tiomno - 1985 - Foundations of Physics 15 (9):945-961.
    Two recently proposed experiments by Kolen and Torr (K-T), designed to detect possible failures of Einstein's special relativity (SR) are analyzed. Imprecisions in these papers are pointed out. Computation in Lorentz aether theory (LAT), with the K-T violation of SR, of the theoretical prediction for the proposed K-T clock experiment prove their results to be incorrect. Analytical computation of the proposed K-T rotor Doppler experiment using LAT confirms the order of magnitude of their prediction by numerical computation. For LAT (...)
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  14. Nothing compares 2 views: Change blindness results from failures to compare retained information.Steve Mitroff, Daniel J. Simons & Daniel T. Levin - 2004 - Perception and Psychophysics 66 (8):1268-1281.
  15. The Generalized Market Failures Approach.Paul Forrester - manuscript
     
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  16.  18
    Adaptive Finite-Time Fault-Tolerant Control for Half-Vehicle Active Suspension Systems with Output Constraints and Random Actuator Failures.Jie Lan & Tongyu Xu - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-16.
    The problem of adaptive finite-time fault-tolerant control and output constraints for a class of uncertain nonlinear half-vehicle active suspension systems are investigated in this work. Markovian variables are used to denote in terms of different random actuators failures. In adaptive backstepping design procedure, barrier Lyapunov functions are adopted to constrain vertical motion and pitch motion to suppress the vibrations. Unknown functions and coefficients are approximated by the neural network. Assisted by the stochastic practical finite-time theory and FTC theory, the (...)
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  17. Everyday attention lapses and memory failures: The affective consequences of mindlessness.Jonathan S. A. Carriere, J. Allan Cheyne & Daniel Smilek - 2008 - Consciousness and Cognition 17 (3):835-847.
    We examined the affective consequences of everyday attention lapses and memory failures. Significant associations were found between self-report measures of attention lapses , attention-related cognitive errors , and memory failures , on the one hand, and boredom and depression , on the other. Regression analyses confirmed previous findings that the ARCES partially mediates the relation between the MAAS-LO and MFS. Further regression analyses also indicated that the association between the ARCES and BPS was entirely accounted for by the (...)
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  18.  28
    ‘What's Psychology got to do with it?’ Applying psychological theory to understanding failures in modern healthcare settings.Michelle Rydon-Grange - 2015 - Journal of Medical Ethics 41 (11):880-884.
    The National Health Service (NHS) has, for over four decades, been beset with numerous ‘scandals’ relating to poor patient care across several diverse clinical contexts. Ensuing inquiries proceed as though each scandal is unique, with recommendations highlighting the need for more staff training, a change of culture within the NHS based upon a ‘duty of candour’, and proposed criminal sanctions for employees believed to breach good patient care. However, mistakes reoccur and failings in patient safety continue. While inquiries describe _what_ (...)
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  19.  99
    Aspects of the unity of consciousness and everyday memory failures.Rocco J. Gennaro, Douglas J. Herrmann & Michael Sarapata - 2006 - Consciousness and Cognition 15 (2):372-385.
    We argue that analyzing everyday memory failures in terms of the “unity of consciousness” can elucidate the bases of such failures. A perfect unity amongst one’s mental states is rare. In extreme cases the unity of consciousness can breakdown in dramatic fashion , but such breakdowns also occur in less dramatic ways that affect us in everyday life. For example, disruptions in the unity of consciousness can result in everyday memory failures, such as forgetting to put on (...)
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  20. Morality, Competition, and the Firm: The Market Failures Approach to Business Ethics by Joseph Heath.Jason Brennan - 2016 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 26 (1):1-4.
    Until Joseph Heath came along, philosophical business ethics was in a bad way. To the extent it’s still in a bad way, perhaps it’s because Heath has had insufficient influence. Before Heath, much of the debate in the field was between two major theories—stockholder and stakeholder theory. Both of these theories are either false, or vacuous and empty, depending on the interpretation. Heath has to some degree rescued the field by providing what is perhaps the only good general theory of (...)
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  21.  25
    The animal model of human disease as a core concept of medical research: Historical cases, failures, and some epistemological considerations.Volker Roelcke - 2022 - Science in Context 35 (2):173-197.
    ArgumentThis article uses four historical case studies to address epistemological issues related to the animal model of human diseases and its use in medical research on human diseases. The knowledge derived from animal models is widely assumed to be highly valid and predictive of reactions by human organisms. In this contribution, I use three significant historical cases of failure (ca. 1890, 1960, 2006), and a closer look at the emergence of the concept around 1860/70, to elucidate core assumptions related to (...)
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  22. The Mind-Body Problem, the Standard Failures of the Standard Solutions to It, and the Threat of Emergentism.Jiri Benovsky - 2018 - In Mind and Matter: Panpsychism, Dual-Aspect Monism, and the Combination Problem. Cham: Springer Verlag.
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  23.  70
    The consistency strength of choiceless failures of SCH.Arthur W. Apter & Peter Koepke - 2010 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 75 (3):1066-1080.
    We determine exact consistency strengths for various failures of the Singular Cardinals Hypothesis (SCH) in the setting of the Zermelo-Fraenkel axiom system ZF without the Axiom of Choice (AC). By the new notion of parallel Prikry forcing that we introduce, we obtain surjective failures of SCH using only one measurable cardinal, including a surjective failure of Shelah's pcf theorem about the size of the power set of $\aleph _{\omega}$ . Using symmetric collapses to $\aleph _{\omega}$ , $\aleph _{\omega (...)
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  24.  33
    Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory.James L. McClelland, Bruce L. McNaughton & Randall C. O'Reilly - 1995 - Psychological Review 102 (3):419-457.
  25.  18
    The Error-Related Negativity Predicts Self-Control Failures in Daily Life.Rebecca Overmeyer, Julia Berghäuser, Raoul Dieterich, Max Wolff, Thomas Goschke & Tanja Endrass - 2021 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
    Adaptive behavior critically depends on performance monitoring, the ability to monitor action outcomes and the need to adapt behavior. PM-related brain activity has been linked to guiding decisions about whether action adaptation is warranted. The present study examined whether PM-related brain activity in a flanker task, as measured by electroencephalography, was associated with adaptive behavior in daily life. Specifically, we were interested in the employment of self-control, operationalized as self-control failures, and measured using ecological momentary assessment. Analyses were conducted (...)
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  26.  76
    Nonrational Belief Paradoxes as Byzantine Failures.Ryan Miller - 2022 - Logos and Episteme 13 (4):343-358.
    David Christensen and others argue that Dutch Strategies are more like peer disagreements than Dutch Books, and should not count against agents‘ conformity to ideal rationality. I review these arguments, then show that Dutch Books, Dutch Strategies, and peer disagreements are only possible in the case of what computer scientists call Byzantine Failures—uncorrected Byzantine Faults which update arbitrary values. Yet such Byzantine Failures make agents equally vulnerable to all three kinds of epistemic inconsistencies, so there is no principled (...)
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  27.  94
    Auditor independence deficiencies & alleged audit failures.Michael A. Pearson - 1987 - Journal of Business Ethics 6 (4):281 - 287.
    Some critics of the accounting/auditing profession in the United States claim that independence-related quality control problems are the cause of an increased number of alleged audit failures. Certified public accountants (CPAs) were queried regarding independence impairment in their profession. Questionnaire results indicate a number of CPAs believe independence deficiencies exist, and some CPAs admit to personal independence impairment.
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  28.  13
    The Russian Revolution as Ideal and Practice: Failures, Legacies, and the Future of Revolution.Thomas Telios, Dieter Thomä & Ulrich Schmid (eds.) - 2019 - Springer Verlag.
    This volume aims to commemorate, criticize, scrutinize and assess the undoubted significance of the Russian Revolution both retrospectively and prospectively in three parts. Part I consists of a palimpsest of the different representations that the Russian Revolution underwent through its turbulent history, going back to its actors, agents, theorists and propagandists to consider whether it is at all possible to revisit the Russian Revolution as an event. With this problematic as a backbone, the chapters of this section scrutinize the ambivalences (...)
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  29.  28
    Emotional memory failures: On forgetting and reconstructing emotional experiences.Ineke Wessel & Daniel Wright - 2004 - Cognition and Emotion 18 (4):449-455.
  30. Moral responsibility for harm caused by computer system failures.Douglas Birsch - 2004 - Ethics and Information Technology 6 (4):233-245.
    When software is written and then utilized in complex computer systems, problems often occur. Sometimes these problems cause a system to malfunction, and in some instances such malfunctions cause harm. Should any of the persons involved in creating the software be blamed and punished when a computer system failure leads to persons being harmed? In order to decide whether such blame and punishment are appropriate, we need to first consider if the people are “morally responsible”. Should any of the people (...)
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  31.  28
    Methodological Considerations for Incorporating Clinical Data Into a Network Model of Retrieval Failures.Nichol Castro - 2022 - Topics in Cognitive Science 14 (1):111-126.
    Difficulty retrieving information (e.g., words) from memory is prevalent in neurogenic communication disorders (e.g., aphasia and dementia). Theoretical modeling of retrieval failures often relies on clinical data, despite methodological limitations (e.g., locus of retrieval failure, heterogeneity of individuals, and progression of disorder/disease). Techniques from network science are naturally capable of handling these limitations. This paper reviews recent work using a multiplex lexical network to account for word retrieval failures and highlights how network science can address the limitations of (...)
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  32.  29
    Are Business Ethics Effective? A Market Failures Approach to Impact Investing.Rodney Schmidt - 2023 - Journal of Business Ethics 184 (2):505-524.
    We evaluate the effectiveness of impact investing from the perspective of the market failures approach (MFA) to business ethics. Under the MFA, businesses are ethically obligated to contribute to market efficiency by mitigating market failures. The MFA ethics literature emphasizes a negative externality interpretation of market failures, with ethical practice as self-regulation. We argue that the MFA also obligates businesses, and investors, to produce positive externalities, a form of private provision of public goods. We develop a graphical (...)
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  33.  58
    Morality and Market Failures: Asymmetry of Information.Xavier Landes & Pierre-Yves Néron - 2018 - Journal of Social Philosophy 49 (4):564-588.
  34. Stephen Gaukroger, "The Failures of Philosophy: A Historical Essay.".Jeff Brown - 2021 - Philosophy in Review 41 (4):230-232.
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  35. The Civil Society must Confront Its Past Failures.Kazi Huda - 2024 - The Daily Star.
    In this commentary published, I explore the difficult but urgent question: has civil society in Bangladesh failed to uphold its responsibility as a check on government power? Over the years, civil society’s silence has allowed concerning issues like electoral manipulation, human rights abuses, and corruption to go unchecked. From the forced resignation of Chief Justice Sinha to the tragic murder of Abrar Fahad, the lack of strong, collective action has left many crucial injustices unchallenged. Civil society has a fundamental duty (...)
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  36.  22
    Review of Terry L. price, Understanding Ethical Failures in Leadership[REVIEW]Edwin M. Hartman - 2006 - Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2006 (2).
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  37. The Skeptic: Crucial Failures.Wendy M. Grossman - 2022 - The Philosophers' Magazine 98:21-23.
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  38.  1
    An Excusability Principle for Firms Under the Market Failures Approach.Espen Stabell - 2024 - Business Ethics Journal Review 11 (4):22-28.
    Endörfer and Larue (2022) argue that Joseph Heath’s Market Failures Approach to business ethics (MFA) implies a demandingness dilemma: under conditions of imperfect competition, they argue, the MFA is either too demanding, if requiring that firms should seek to generate Pareto efficiency or “social optima”, or not demanding enough, if it gives up on social optima and focus instead on incremental Pareto improvements. I argue the MFA can be combined with an excusability principle to overcome the problem of over-demandingness. (...)
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  39.  43
    Public Festivals: Ritual Successes, Failures and Mediocrities.Randall Collins - 2013 - Polis: Research and studies on Italian society and politics 27 (1):13-28.
  40. Trans-exclusionary discourse, white feminist failures, and the women's march on Washington, D.C.Lars Stoltzfus-Brown - 2018 - In Jennifer C. Dunn & Jimmie Manning, Transgressing feminist theory and discourse: advancing conversations across disciplines. New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.
     
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  41.  8
    Imperfections: studies in mistakes, flaws, and failures.Caleb Kelly, Jakko Kemper & Ellen Rutten (eds.) - 2021 - New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
    In recent years, the trend to present the notion of imperfection as a plus rather than a problem has resonated across a range of social and creative disciplines and a wealth of world localities. As digital tools allow media users to share ever more suave selfies and success stories, psychologists promote 'the gifts of imperfections' and point to perfectionism as a catalyst for rising depression and burnout complaints and suicide rates among millennials. As sound technologies increasingly permit musicians to 'smoothen' (...)
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  42. The corporate paradox : marketing, innovation, corruption and pollution : an overview of corporate successes and failures.Liam Leonard & Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez - 2013 - In Liam Leonard & Maria-Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez, Principles and strategies to balance ethical, social and environmental concerns with corporate requirements. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing.
     
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  43.  40
    Arendt and Beauvoir on the Failures of Political Judgment in Praxis.Bridget Allan - 2021 - Arendt Studies 5:121-144.
    In this article, I bring together Hannah Arendt’s and Simone de Beauvoir’s respective theories of political judgment to evaluate the problems that arise from their accounts of judgment in praxis. To do so, I compare Arendt’s Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil on Adolf Eichmann’s trial in Israel and Beauvoir’s “An Eye for an Eye” on Robert Brasillach’s trial in France. In approaching the dilemmas of judgment in theory, both share a commitment to preserving freedom by (...)
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  44. Headed records: A model for memory and its failures.John Morton, Richard H. Hammersley & D. A. Bekerian - 1985 - Cognition 20 (1):1-23.
    It is proposed that our memory is made up of individual, unconnected Records, to each of which is attached a Heading. Retrieval of a Record can only be accomplished by addressing the attached Heading, the contents of which cannot itself be retrieved. Each Heading is made up of a mixture of content in more or less literal form and context, the latter including specification of environment and of internal states (e.g. drug states and mood). This view of memory allows an (...)
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  45.  23
    Predictions of sequences of successes and failures.Clinton B. De Soto, Edmund B. Coleman & Peter L. Putnam - 1960 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 59 (1):41.
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  46. On the Analogy Between Business and Sport: Towards an Aristotelian Response to The Market Failures Approach to Business Ethics.Matthew Sinnicks - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 177 (1):49-61.
    This paper explores the notion that business calls for an adversarial ethic, akin to that of sport. On this view, because of their competitive structure, both sport and business call for behaviours that are contrary to ‘ordinary morality’, and yet are ultimately justified because of the goods they facilitate. I develop three objections to this analogy. Firstly, there is an important qualitative difference between harms risked voluntarily and harms risked involuntarily. Secondly, the goods achieved by adversarial relationships in sport go (...)
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  47.  26
    Thinking with Whitehead on Transcendence and Its Failures.Lisa Landoe Hedrick - 2019 - Process Studies 48 (1):5-18.
    The ability to recognize failures presupposes the ability to recognize achievements. By the same logic, ethical failures are identifiable only to the extent to which ethical achievements are identifiable. This article examines the possibility of cultural criticism in Whitehead’s metaphysics. The first part of this article challenges Isabelle Stenger’s nonnormative reading of Whitehead, while the second part employs my alternative reading in order to critique two different accounts of the nature of ideals. The main focus of this critique (...)
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  48. Intending harm, foreseeing harm, and failures of the will.David McCarthy - 2002 - Noûs 36 (4):622–642.
    Theoretical defenses of the principle of double effect (pde) due to Quinn, Nagel and Foot are claimed to face severe difficulties. But this leaves those of us who see something in the case-based support for the pde without a way of accounting for our judgments. This article proposes a novel principle it calls the mismatch principle, and argues that the mismatch principle does better than the pde at accounting for our judgments about cases and is also theoretically defensible. However, where (...)
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  49.  30
    Rethinking infant knowledge: Toward an adaptive process account of successes and failures in object permanence tasks.Yuko Munakata, James L. McClelland, Mark H. Johnson & Robert S. Siegler - 1997 - Psychological Review 104 (4):686-713.
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  50.  40
    Distributional Obstacles to International Environmental Policy: The Failures at Rio and Prospects after Rio 1.Joan Martinez-Alier - 1993 - Environmental Values 2 (2):97-124.
    The concept of 'sustainable development' as used by the Brundtland Commission was meant to separate environmental policy from distributional conflicts. Increases in income sometimes are beneficial for the environment, but higher incomes have meant higher emissions of greenhouse gases, and higher rates of genetic erosion. In the aftermath of the Rio conference of June 1992, this article analyses some unavoidable links between distributional conflicts and environmental policy. Often, environmental movements have tried to keep environmental resources and services outside the market, (...)
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