YVES CHARLES ZARKA ET SABINE CHOQUET. — Est-ce qu’il y a un acte de naissance du souverainisme au Québec ? Et, si tel est le cas, est-il lié à la visite du général de Gaulle au Québec et à la célèbre phrase : « Vive le Québec libre ! » qu’il a prononcée à Montréal le 24 juillet 1967 ?JOSEPH FACAL. — On..

YVES CHARLES ZARKA ET SABINE CHOQUET. — Est-ce qu’il y a un acte de naissance du souverainisme au Québec ? Et, si tel est le cas, est-il lié à la visite du général de Gaulle au Québec et à la célèbre phrase : « Vive le Québec libre ! » qu’il a prononcée à Montréal le 24 juillet 1967 ?JOSEPH FACAL. — On..

Au mois de mai 1940 deux chefs de guerre s’affrontent. L’un a été le colonel du premier régiment où l’autre est arrivé en sortant de Saint Cyr et lui a, par la suite, servi de mentor. Mais des conceptions de ce qu’est la France, les mythes fondateurs de la nation auxquels ils se référent, de même que leur position les sépare. L’un est maréchal, le seul général en chef survivant de la guerre précédente alors que l’autre vient d’être nommé général. (...) Cependant, ce dernier sera rejoint par d’ardents jeunes gens, entrés récemment dans une carrière ou ne l’ayant pas encore abordée, et saura coordonner les mouvements dispersés de résistance. Aidé par les circonstances, qu’il a su exploiter, il vaincra.Les temporalités permettant de mettre en perspective ce récit sont diverses : elles vont du temps figé de la métaphore et du mythe, en passant par la chronologie linéaire. Mais la temporalité qui se révèle cruciale est celle du moment opportun et de la capacité à le saisir, qui, dans un premier temps est utilisée par les deux protagonistes, pour les différencier définitivement par la suite. (shrink)

El libro que estableció la teoría de la separación de poderes -afirmando la independencia del poder judicial con respecto al ejecutivo y el legislativo, para asegurar la libertad del pueblo- es una de las obras clave del pensamiento político, jurídico, sociológico e histórico de todos los tiempos.Aquella teoría enunciada por Charles-Louis de Secondat, barón de La Brède y de Montesquieu -"No hay libertad si el poder judicial no está separado del legislativo y executivo"- es tan sólo uno de los (...) momentos cumbres de este libro{ probablemente, el más importante de todo el siglo XVIII y un verdadero clásico desde que se publicó en Ginebra en 1748.Montesquieu tardó cerca de viente años en escribir "Del espíritu de las leyes"{ obra ingente que "empecé y dejé" en numerosas ocasiones, entregando "mil veces á los vientos las hojas que había escrito" y que, finalmente, concluyó, con más de 1.000 páginas -hojas perennes- que le ofrecen una lectura imprescindible.Lex Nova pone ahora a su disposición, por primera vez, este cuidado facsímil que reproduce, en tres tomos, la edición que publicó el anónimo licenciado M.V.M. en Madrid, París y Londres -respectivamente- en 1821, traduciendo aquella obra "libremente al español".Un verdadero lujo a su alcance. (shrink)

A classic work of the European Enlightenment--and one of the most popular, if scandalous, in its day--the Persian Letters captures, in an engaging epistolary format, the transformational spirit of the era. Amid an ongoing tale rife with sex, violence, and wit, the work addresses a diverse range of topics from human nature and the origins of society, to the nature and role of religious belief, the role of women, statecraft, justice, morality, and human identity. With skill and artistry, Raymond MacKenzie’s (...) stunning new translation accurately reflects the mood and character of the work. In his richly conceived Introduction, MacKenzie seamlessly weaves together an overview of the period with details of Montesquieu’s life, including the influences that inspired the _Persian Letters_, the character and power of the book, and its reception. This edition also includes a Calendar of the _Persian Letters_, a Bibliography of Works in English, and a Bibliography of Works in French. Related texts provide insight into the legacy of the _Persian Letters_. They include selections from works by George Lyttelton, Voltaire, Oliver Goldsmith, and Maria Edgeworth. (shrink)

Of laws in general -- Of laws directly derived from the nature of government -- Of the principles of the three kinds of government -- That the laws of education ought to be relative to the principles of government -- That the laws given by the legislator ought to be relative to the nature of government -- Consquences of the principles of different governments, with respect to the simplicity of civil and criminal laws, the form of judgements, and inflicting of (...) punishments -- Consquences of the different principles of the three governments, with respect to sumptuary laws, luxury, and the condition of women -- Of the corruption of the principles of the three governments -- Of the laws in the relation they bear to defensive force -- Of laws, in the relation they bear to offensive force. (shrink)

The Spirit of the Laws is, without question, one of the central texts in the history of eighteenth-century thought, yet there has been no complete, scholarly English-language edition since that of Thomas Nugent, published in 1750. This lucid translation renders Montesquieu's problematic text newly accessible to a fresh generation of students, helping them to understand quite why Montesquieu was such an important figure in the early enlightenment and why The Spirit of the Laws was, for example, such an influence upon (...) those who framed the American constitution. Fully annotated, this edition focuses attention upon Montesquieu's use of sources and his text as a whole, rather than upon those opening passages towards which critical energies have traditionally been devoted, and a select bibliography and chronology are provided for those coming to Montesquieu's work for the first time. (shrink)

In 1245 Canon Law reaches an apex. A Lawyer-Pope Innocent IV proclaims at the Œcumenical Council of Lyons the prestige of Canon Law and his professors. Canon Law is perceived as a new and sometimes controversial ecclesiastical science of power. This new status can be explained by the growth of the ius commune in Italian universities and the rivalries between Roman Law, Canon Law and theology. Innocent IV promotes the figure of the ecclesiastical judge. He also delineates an ecclesiology where (...) the world would be united by an universal religion of Natural Law. (shrink)

Discourse on the motives that should encourage us towards the sciences (1725) ; Essay on the causes that can affect minds and characters (1736-1738/1739) -- Dissertation on Roman politics in religion (1716) ; Discourse on Cicero (1717) ; Dialogue between Sulla and Eucrates (1724) -- Notes on England (1729-1731) ; Reflections on the inhabitants of Rome (1732) -- In praise of sincerity (1717?) ; Treatise on duties (1725) ; On consideration and reputation (1725) ; Discourse on the equity that must (...) determine judgments and the execution of laws (1725) ; Dialogue between Xanthippus and Xenocrates (1727) ; Lysimachus (1751) -- Letters from Xenocrates to Pheres (1724) ; On politics (1725) ; Reflections on universal monarchy in Europe (1731-1733) ; Reflections on the character of certain princes and on certain events in their lives (1731-1733) ; Memorandum on the silence to impose on the "Constitution" (1754) -- Memorandum on the debts of state (1715) ; Considerations on the wealth of Spain (1727-1728) -- Defense of the spirit of law (1750). (shrink)

Of laws in general -- Of laws directly derived from the nature of government -- Of the principles of the three kinds of government -- That the laws of education ought to be relative to the principles of government -- That the laws given by the legislator ought to be relative to the nature of government -- Consquences of the principles of different governments, with respect to the simplicity of civil and criminal laws, the form of judgements, and inflicting of (...) punishments -- Consquences of the different principles of the three governments, with respect to sumptuary laws, luxury, and the condition of women -- Of the corruption of the principles of the three governments -- Of the laws in the relation they bear to defensive force -- Of laws, in the relation they bear to offensive force. (shrink)

Une lettre de Montesquieu (1689-1755) à d'Alembert du 16 septembre 1753 refuse la proposition d'écrire pour l'Encyclopédie les articles "Démocratie" et "Despotisme" et propose une contribution sur le "Goût. L'Essai sur le goût dans les choses de la nature et de l'art de Montesquieu forme une partie de l'article "Goût", paru dans le tome VII de l'Encyclopédie en 1757 de façon posthume et à l'état inachevé. Cet article est lui-même composé d'un article dû à Voltaire, puis du "fragment sur le (...) goût" de Montesquieu, comme l'appellent Diderot et d'Alembert. "Dans ce petit traité du plaisir qu'est l'Essai sur le goût, l'exigence d'harmonie et de symétrie n'émane pas simplement d'une raison théoricienne soucieuse d'introduire partout son ordre : à travers cet ordre même, c'est un élargissement d'horizon qui s'opère où l'oeil dominera désormais un plus vaste spectacle, contemplant un royaume visible en pleine lumière, où rien nulle part ne se dérobe. L'instinct de maîtrise et de possession aura trouvé satisfaction" Jean Starobinski. (shrink)

Rémi Franckowiak, Le développement des théories du Sel dans la chimie française de la fin du XVIe à celle du XVIIIe siècle Thèse soutenue à l'Université Charles de Gaulle – Lille III le 20 décembre 2002. Composition du Jury : Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent (Paris-X), François De Gandt (Lille III), Bernard Joly (Lille III, Directeur de thèse), Bernard Maitte (Lille I), Pierre Perrot (Lille I), Lawrence Principe (John Hopkins University). À partir de la fin du XVIe siècle, le Sel dans les (...) doctri.. (shrink)

The essential political writings of Montesquieu--a substantial abridgment of The Spirit of the Laws, plus judicious selections from _The Persian Letters_ and _Considerations of the Romans' Greatness and Decline_--are masterfully translated by Melvin Richter. Prefaced by a new fifty-page introduction by Richter for this revised edition, The Selected Political Writings displays the genius and virtuosity of Montesquieu the philosopher, social critic, political theorist, and literary stylist, whose work commands the attention of all students of the Enlightenment and of modern constitutional (...) thought. (shrink)

Montesquieu cercò di dimostrare come, sotto la diversità degli eventi, la storia abbia un ordine e manifesti l'azione di leggi costanti. Ogni ente ha le proprie leggi. Le istituzioni e le leggi dei vari popoli non costituiscono qualcosa di casuale e arbitrario, ma sono strettamente condizionate dalla natura dei popoli stessi, dai loro costumi, dalla loro religione e sicuramente anche dal clima. Al pari di ogni essere vivente anche gli uomini, e quindi le società, sono sottoposte a regole fondamentali che (...) scaturiscono dall'intreccio stesso delle cose. Queste regole non debbono considerarsi assolute, cioè indipendenti dallo spazio e dal tempo; esse al contrario, variano col mutare delle situazioni; come i vari tipi di governo e delle diverse specie di società. Ma, posta una società di un determinato tipo, sono dati i principi che non può derogare, pena la sua rovina. Ma quali sono i tipi fondamentali in cui si può organizzare il governo degli uomini? Montesquieu ritiene che i tipi di governo degli uomini siano essenzialmente tre: la repubblica, la monarchia e il dispotismo. Ciascuno di questi tre tipi ha propri princìpi e proprie regole da non confondersi tra loro. Il principio che è alla base della repubblica è, secondo Montesquieu, la virtù, cioè l'amor di patria e dell'uguaglianza; il principio della monarchia è l'onore ossia l'ambizione personale; il principio del dispotismo, la paura che infonde nei cuori dei sudditi. La repubblica è la forma di governo in cui il popolo è al tempo stesso monarca e suddito; il popolo fa le leggi e elegge i magistrati, detenendo sia la sovranità legislativa sia quella esecutiva. (shrink)

The Writings of Charles De Koninck, Volume 1, introduces a projected three-volume series that presents the first English edition of the collected works of the Catholic Thomist philosopher Charles De Koninck. Ralph McInerny is the project editor and has prepared the excellent translations. The first volume contains writings ranging from De Koninck's 1934 dissertation at the University of Louvain on the philosophy of Sir Arthur Eddington, to two remarkable early essays on indeterminism and the unpublished book "The Cosmos." (...) The short essay "Are the Experimental Sciences Distinct from the Philosophy of Nature?" is also included and demonstrates for the first time De Koninck's distinctive view on the relation between philosophy of nature and the experimental sciences. A comprehensive introductory essay by Leslie Armour outlines the structure and themes of De Koninck's philosophy. The volume begins with a biographical essay by De Koninck's son, Thomas. "Charles De Koninck, perhaps because of his untimely death, is not as well known to English-speaking readers as Etienne Gilson and Jacques Maritain, but his work belongs to that same world-class scholarship as his notable contemporaries. It is almost an understatement to say that his contribution to the philosophy of science remains timely. Readers are fortunate that his former student, Ralph McInerny, has seen fit to collect and to translate, where necessary, some of De Koninck's most important work for this volume." --Jude P. Dougherty, The Catholic University of America "Ralph McInerny is doing us the incalculable good of making available to a general public the writings of Charles De Koninck. This volume, the first of many to come, begins a chronological presentation of the books, articles, essays, and addresses of one of the strongest and most penetrating thinkers of the last century, who was at once an extraordinary philosopher and theologian, with the profound and simple faith of the proverbial peasant. May we continue now to learn from the great De Koninck, and include in our prayers the intentions of his gracious disciple, who is so felicitously discharging the office of piety to a revered and unforgettable master." --Ronald P. Mc Arthur, President Emeritus, Thomas Aquinas College. (shrink)