Results for ' Conflict '

967 found
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  1. The fortieth annual lecture series 1999-2000.Brain Computations & an Inevitable Conflict - 2000 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 31:199-200.
  2. The Conflict of Evidence and Coherence.Alex Worsnip - 2018 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 96 (1):3-44.
    For many epistemologists, and for many philosophers more broadly, it is axiomatic that rationality requires you to take the doxastic attitudes that your evidence supports. Yet there is also another current in our talk about rationality. On this usage, rationality is a matter of the right kind of coherence between one's mental attitudes. Surprisingly little work in epistemology is explicitly devoted to answering the question of how these two currents of talk are related. But many implicitly assume that evidence -responsiveness (...)
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  3. Toleration in Conflict: Past and Present.Rainer Forst - 2012 - Cambridge University Press.
    The concept of toleration plays a central role in pluralistic societies. It designates a stance which permits conflicts over beliefs and practices to persist while at the same time defusing them, because it is based on reasons for coexistence in conflict - that is, in continuing dissension. A critical examination of the concept makes clear, however, that its content and evaluation are profoundly contested matters and thus that the concept itself stands in conflict. For some, toleration was and (...)
     
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  4. Rational conceptual conflict and the implementation problem.Adam F. Gibbons - 2024 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 67 (9):3355-3381.
    Conceptual engineers endeavor to improve our concepts. But their endeavors face serious practical difficulties. One such difficulty – rational conceptual conflict - concerns the degree to which agents are incentivized to impede the efforts of conceptual engineers, especially in many of the contexts within which conceptual engineering is viewed as a worthwhile pursuit. Under such conditions, the already difficult task of conceptual engineering becomes even more difficult. Consequently, if they want to increase their chances of success, conceptual engineers should (...)
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  5.  20
    The morality of conflict: reasonable disagreement and the law.Samantha Besson - 2005 - Portland, Or.: Hart.
    This book explores the relationship between the law and pervasive and persistent reasonable disagreement about justice. It reveals the central moral function and creative force of reasonable disagreement in and about the law and shows why and how lawyers and legal philosophers should take reasonable conflict more seriously. Even though the law should be regarded as the primary mode of settlement of our moral conflicts,it can, and should, also be the object and the forum of further moral conflicts. There (...)
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  6. On the resolution of conflict in dual process theories of reasoning.Jonathan St B. T. Evans - 2007 - Thinking and Reasoning 13 (4):321 – 339.
    In this paper, I show that the question of how dual process theories of reasoning and judgement account for conflict between System 1 (heuristic) and System 2 (analytic) processes needs to be explicated and addressed in future research work. I demonstrate that a simple additive probability model that describes such conflict can be mapped on to three different cognitive models. The pre-emptive conflict resolution model assumes that a decision is made at the outset as to whether a (...)
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  7. Moral Distress and Moral Conflict in Clinical Ethics.Carina Fourie - 2013 - Bioethics 29 (2):91-97.
    Much research is currently being conducted on health care practitioners' experiences of moral distress, especially the experience of nurses. What moral distress is, however, is not always clearly delineated and there is some debate as to how it should be defined. This article aims to help to clarify moral distress. My methodology consists primarily of a conceptual analysis, with especial focus on Andrew Jameton's influential description of moral distress. I will identify and aim to resolve two sources of confusion about (...)
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  8.  75
    The conflict in modern culture.Georg Simmel - 1968 - New York,: Teachers College Press.
    Georg Simmel: an introduction by K. P. Etzkorn.--The conflict in modern culture.--On the concept and tragedy of culture.--A chapter in the philosophy of value.--Sociological aesthetics.--On aesthetic quantities.--On the third dimension in art.--The dramatic actor and reality.--Psychological and ethnological studies on music.
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  9.  19
    Galileo and the Conflict Between Religion and Science.Gregory W. Dawes - 2016 - Routledge.
    For more than 30 years, historians have rejected what they call the ‘warfare thesis’ – the idea that there is an inevitable conflict between religion and science – insisting that scientists and believers can live in harmony. This book disagrees. Taking as its starting point the most famous of all such conflicts, the Galileo affair, it argues that religious and scientific communities exhibit very different attitudes to knowledge. Scripturally based religions not only claim a source of knowledge distinct from (...)
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  10. Towards a Conflict Theory of Recognition: On the Constitution of Relations of Recognition in Conflict.Georg W. Bertram & Robin Celikates - 2013 - European Journal of Philosophy 23 (4):838-861.
    In this paper, we develop an understanding of recognition in terms of individuals’ capacity for conflict. Our goal is to overcome various shortcomings that can be found in both the positive and negative conceptions of recognition. We start by analyzing paradigmatic instances of such conceptions—namely, those put forward by Axel Honneth and Judith Butler. We do so in order to show how both positions are inadequate in their elaborations of recognition in an analogous way: Both fail to make intelligible (...)
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  11.  19
    Toleration in Political Conflict.Glen Newey - 2013 - Cambridge University Press.
    Political disputes over toleration are endemic, while toleration as a political value seems opposed to those of civic equality, neutrality and sometimes democracy. Toleration in Political Conflict sets out to understand toleration as both politically awkward and indispensable. The book exposes the incoherence of Rawlsian reasonable pluralist justifications of toleration, and shows that toleration cannot be fully reconciled with liberal political values. While raison d'état concerns very often overshadow debates over toleration, these debates – for example about terrorism – (...)
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  12.  92
    Individual and conflict in Greek ethics.Nicholas White - 2002 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    White opposes the long-standing view that ancient Greek ethics is fundamentally different from modern ethical views. He examines the ways in which Greek ethics has been interpreted since the 18th century, and traces the history in Greek ethical thought of the idea of conflict among human aims, in particular the conflict between conformity to ethical standards and one's own happiness.
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  13.  38
    Solidarity in Conflict: A Democratic Theory.Rochelle DuFord - 2022 - Stanford University Press.
    Democracy has become disentangled from our ordinary lives. Mere cooperation or ethical consumption now often stands in for a robust concept of solidarity that structures the entirety of sociality and forms the basis of democratic culture. How did democracy become something that is done only at ballot boxes and what role can solidarity play in reviving it? In Solidarity in Conflict, Rochelle DuFord presents a theory of solidarity fit for developing democratic life and a complementary theory of democracy that (...)
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  14. The Association Between Ethical Conflict and Adverse Outcomes.Linda Thorne - 2010 - Journal of Business Ethics 92 (2):269-276.
    In this study, we consider the association between ethical conflict and adverse outcomes, including employee stress, (lack of) organizational commitment, absenteeism, and turnover intention. Our findings show that ethical conflict is associated with adverse outcomes. Our results identify the importance of ethical conflict for organizations and the benefit for organizations to address and mitigate ethical conflict. In addition, our research contributes to the person–organization and turnover literature by extending the person-fit framework to the ethical domain and (...)
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  15.  41
    Taming the Conflict over Educational Equality.Bryan R. Warnick - 2014 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 32 (1):50-66.
    This article proposes an approach to educational distribution that attempts to minimise enduring tensions among conflicting values. At the foundation of this approach is a threshold of educational adequacy based on what is needed for citizens to participate in a democratic society. This threshold is justified because it minimises conflict with parental rights and because it better manages ‘the bottomless pit’ problem of educational distribution. This threshold is then modified to stipulate that, after the threshold has been reached, public (...)
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  16.  15
    Conflict-based search for optimal multi-agent pathfinding.Guni Sharon, Roni Stern, Ariel Felner & Nathan R. Sturtevant - 2015 - Artificial Intelligence 219 (C):40-66.
  17.  38
    The Problems of a Political Animal: Community, Justice, and Conflict in Aristotelian Political Thought.Bernard Yack - 1993 - University of California Press.
    A bold new interpretation of Aristotelian thought is central to Bernard Yack's provocative new book. He shows that for Aristotle, community is a conflict-ridden fact of everyday life, as well as an ideal of social harmony and integration. From political justice and the rule of law to class struggle and moral conflict, Yack maintains that Aristotle intended to explain the conditions of everyday political life, not just, as most commentators assume, to represent the hypothetical achievements of an idealistic (...)
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  18.  64
    (1 other version)Science and Religion in Conflict, Part 1: Preliminaries.R. I. Damper - 2022 - Foundations of Science 29 (3):587-624.
    Science and religion have been described as the “two dominant forces in our culture”. As such, the relation between them has been a matter of intense debate, having profound implications for deeper understanding of our place in the universe. One position naturally associated with scientists of a materialistic outlook is that science and religion are contradictory, incompatible worldviews; however, a great deal of recent literature criticises this “conflict thesis” as simple-minded, essentially ignorant of the nature of religion and its (...)
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  19. Does intragenomic conflict predict intrapersonal conflict?David Spurrett - 2016 - Biology and Philosophy 31 (3):313-333.
    Parts of the genome of a single individual can have conflicting interests, depending on which parent they were inherited from. One mechanism by which these conflicts are expressed in some taxa, including mammals, is genomic imprinting, which modulates the level of expression of some genes depending on their parent of origin. Imprinted gene expression is known to affect body size, brain size, and the relative development of various tissues in mammals. A high fraction of imprinted gene expression occurs in the (...)
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  20.  83
    Dirty Hands and Moral Conflict – Lessons from the Philosophy of Evil.Christina Nick - 2021 - Philosophia 50 (1):183-200.
    According to one understanding of the problem of dirty hands, every case of dirty hands is an instance of moral conflict, but not every instance of moral conflict is a case of dirty hands. So, what sets the two apart? The dirty hands literature has offered widely different answers to this question but there has been relatively little discussion about their relative merits as well as challenges. In this paper I evaluate these different accounts by making clear which (...)
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  21.  64
    The evolutionary interplay of intergroup conflict and altruism in humans: A review of parochial altruism theory and prospects for its extension.Hannes Rusch - 2014 - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 281 (1794): 20141539.
    Drawing on an idea proposed by Darwin, it has recently been hypothesised that violent intergroup conflict might have played a substantial role in the evolution of human cooperativeness and altruism. The central notion of this argument, dubbed ‘parochial altruism’, is that the two genetic or cultural traits, aggressiveness against out-groups and cooperativeness towards the in-group, including self-sacrificial altruistic behaviour, might have coevolved in humans. This review assesses the explanatory power of current theories of ‘parochial altruism’. After a brief synopsis (...)
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  22. Religious Ethics and Global Governance: Theological Perspectives on International Cooperation and Conflict Resolution.Genghua Zhu - 2025 - European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 17 (2):456-470.
    This study explores the ethical and religious dimensions of international cooperation and conflict resolution within the framework of global governance, emphasizing the role of moral philosophy and theological perspectives in shaping diplomatic strategies. By integrating religious ethics with global political discourse, the research examines how faith traditions, including Confucianism, Christianity, and Islamic thought, contribute to peacebuilding, multilateral engagement, and the pursuit of global justice. Focusing on China’s approach to international governance, this study highlights the influence of _Confucian moral philosophy_—particularly (...)
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  23. Affective conflict and virtue: Hume's answer to Aristotle.Kate Abramson - 2012 - In Jon Miller, The Reception of Aristotle's Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  24.  3
    Conflict as a Weapon... of Change.Gabriela Montserrat Aguirre Castañeda - 2024 - Questions 24:38-40.
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  25. Democratic conflict and the political morality of compromise.Michelle M. Moody-Adams - 2018 - In Jack Knight, Compromise: NOMOS LIX. New York: Nyu Press.
     
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  26.  28
    Predicting individual differences in conflict detection and bias susceptibility during reasoning.Jakub Šrol & Wim De Neys - 2020 - Thinking and Reasoning 27 (1):38-68.
    A key component of the susceptibility to cognitive biases is the ability to monitor for conflict between intuitively cued “heuristic” answers and logical principles. While there is evidence that pe...
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  27.  72
    Failure to discount for conflict of interest when evaluating medical literature: a randomised trial of physicians.G. K. Silverman, G. F. Loewenstein, B. L. Anderson, P. A. Ubel, S. Zinberg & J. Schulkin - 2010 - Journal of Medical Ethics 36 (5):265-270.
    Context Physicians are regularly confronted with research that is funded or presented by industry. Objective To assess whether physicians discount for conflicts of interest when weighing evidence for prescribing a new drug. Design and setting Participants were presented with an abstract from a single clinical trial finding positive results for a fictitious new drug. Physicians were randomly assigned one version of a hypothetical scenario, which varied on conflict of interest: ‘presenter conflict’, ‘researcher conflict’ and ‘no conflict’. (...)
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  28. Conflict and inquiry.Isaac Levi - 1992 - Ethics 102 (4):814-834.
  29.  11
    Psychological and actual group formation: Conflict is neither necessary nor sufficient.Julia Elad-Strenger & Thomas Kessler - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45.
    Conflict is neither necessary nor sufficient for the existence of groups. First, the existence of mutually supporting, rather than antagonistic, interactants is sufficient to constitute a “social group.” Second, conflict does not necessarily mark group boundaries but can also exist within an ingroup. Third, psychological representations of social groups do not only trace, but also perpetuate the existence of groups.
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  30.  40
    Heretical Geometry: Christian Wolff on the Impossibility of Dogmatic Conflict.Dino Jakusic - 2020 - Church History and Religious Culture 100 (2-3):287-300.
    This paper presents Christian Wolff’s claim that philosophy, undertaken on the basis of a proper method, cannot contradict revealed religion. The paper first provides a context of Wolff’s banishment from Halle for holding views in conflict with religious doctrines. Next, it proceeds, on the basis of Wolff’s Discursus præliminaris de philosophia in genere prefixed to his 1728 Latin Logic, to explain the principles of Wolff’s method, and to show how his conception of method enables him to disallow the possibility (...)
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  31.  71
    Learning in context through conflict and alignment: Farmers and scientists in search of sustainable agriculture.Jasper Eshuis & Marian Stuiver - 2005 - Agriculture and Human Values 22 (2):137-148.
    This article analyzes learning in context through the prism of a sustainable dairy-farming project. The research was performed within a nutrient management project that involved the participation of farmers and scientists. Differences between heterogeneous forms of farmers’ knowledge and scientific knowledge were discursively constructed during conflict and subsequent alignment over the validity and relevance of knowledge. Both conflict and alignment appeared to be essential for learning in context. Conflict spurred learning when disagreeing groups of actors developed their (...)
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  32.  97
    The influence of role conflict and self-interest on lying in organizations.Steven L. Grover & Chun Hui - 1994 - Journal of Business Ethics 13 (4):295-303.
    The self-interest paradigm predicts that unethical behavior occurs when such behavior benefits the actor. A recent model of lying behavior, however, predicts that lying behavior results from an individual''s inability to meet conflicting role demands. The need to reconcile the self-interest and role conflict theories prompted the present study, which orthogonally manipulated the benefit from lying and the conflicting role demands. A model integrating the two theories predicts the results, which showed that both elements — self benefit and role (...)
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  33. Corporate Psychopaths, Conflict, Employee Affective Well-Being and Counterproductive Work Behaviour.Clive R. Boddy - 2014 - Journal of Business Ethics 121 (1):107-121.
    This article explains who Corporate Psychopaths are, and some of the processes by which they stimulate counterproductive work behaviour among employees. The article hypothesizes that conflict and bullying will be higher, that employee affective well-being will be lower and that frequencies of counterproductive work behaviour will also be higher in the presence of Corporate Psychopaths. Research was conducted among 304 respondents in Britain in 2011, using a psychopathy scale embedded in a self-completion management survey. The article concludes that Corporate (...)
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  34.  31
    Expected Free Energy Formalizes Conflict Underlying Defense in Freudian Psychoanalysis.Patrick Connolly - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9:337652.
    Freud's core interest in the psyche was the dynamic unconscious: that part of the psyche which is unconscious due to conflict (Freud, 1923/1961 ). Over the course of his career, Freud variously described conflict as an opposition to the discharge of activation (Freud, 1950 ), opposition to psychic activity due to the release of unpleasure (Freud, 1990/1991 ), opposition between the primary principle and the reality principle (Freud, 1911/1963 ), structural conflict between id, ego, and superego (Freud, (...)
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  35.  26
    Conflict and Dream.H. P. Weld - 1925 - Philosophical Review 34 (2):201-202.
    First Published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
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  36.  60
    MNE Strategic Intervention in Violent Conflict: Variations Based on Conflict Characteristics.Kathleen A. Getz & Jennifer Oetzel - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 89 (S4):375 - 386.
    Since the end of the Cold War, there has been a substantial increase in the number of intrastate conflicts around the world. During the last two decades, there have been more than 125 violent conflicts resulting in 7 million deaths (Smith, 2003). Given the prevalence of these conflicts, the inability of some governments to resolve them, and the reluctance of multilateral institutions to intervene, multinational enterprises (MNEs) engaged in international ventures may find themselves in situations where they must respond to (...)
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  37. Schemes of Inference, Conflict, and Preference in a Computational Model of Argument.Floris Bex & Chris Reed - 2011 - Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 23 (36).
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  38.  55
    Finding Space for Criminal Prosecutions Post‐Conflict.Jovana Davidovic - 2016 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 33 (1):53-68.
    Post-conflict criminal prosecutions for the worst of crimes can play a meaningful role in achieving transitional justice. This once-common view has recently been the subject of widespread criticism that is rooted in the belief that criminal prosecutions undermine reconciliation. This has lead some scholars to argue that we must either abandon criminal prosecutions post-conflict or that we ought to use them for more general transitional justice aims, like restorative justice. This article argues against abandoning criminal prosecutions post (...) and against subsuming criminal justice aims under restorative or reconciliatory aims. When post-conflict criminal prosecutions are properly structured and practiced they can bolster respect for the international, regional and domestic rule of law and in that way limit conflict in a number of important ways. (shrink)
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  39.  32
    Do Unto Others in War? The Golden Rule in Law of Armed Conflict Training.Matthew T. Zommer - 2021 - Journal of Military Ethics 20 (3-4):200-216.
    Training on the Law of armed conflict employs different rationales to motivate soldiers and to induce their compliance with LOAC rules. Of these, none is as controversial, or as potentially...
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  40.  38
    Conflict between nursing student’s personal beliefs and professional nursing values.David Pickles, Sheryl de Lacey & Lindy King - 2019 - Nursing Ethics 26 (4):1087-1100.
    Background: Studies have established that negative perceptions of people living with HIV/AIDS exist among nursing students throughout the world, perceptions which can be detrimental to the delivery of high-quality nursing care. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to explore socio-cultural influences on the perceptions of nursing students towards caring for people living with HIV/AIDS. Research design: The study was guided by stigma theory, a qualitative descriptive research approach was adopted. Data collected via semi-structured interviews were thematically analysed. Participants and (...)
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  41.  23
    Triadic conflict “primitives” can be reduced to welfare trade-off ratios.Wenhao Qi, Edward Vul, Adena Schachner & Lindsey J. Powell - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45:e117.
    Pietraszewski proposes four triadic “primitives” for representing social groups. We argue that, despite surface differences, these triads can all be reduced to similar underlying welfare trade-off ratios, which are a better candidate for social group primitives. Welfare trade-off ratios also have limitations, however, and we suggest there are multiple computational strategies by which people recognize and reason about social groups.
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  42.  24
    (1 other version)Bioethics and Armed Conflict: Mapping The Moral Dimensions of Medicine and War.Michael L. Gross - 2004 - Hastings Center Report 34 (6):22-30.
    Medical ethics in times of war are fundamentally different from those in times of peace. War brings military and medical values into conflict, often overwhelming other moral obligations, such as a doctor's charge to relieve suffering, in the face of military necessity.
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  43. Forms of rationality in conflict. Proposing an epistemological interpretation of the theoretical approaches of Karl Marx.H. J. Sandkuhler - 1997 - Rivista di Storia Della Filosofia 52 (3):495-515.
     
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  44. A City in Conflict: Troyes During the French Wars of Religion. By Penny Roberts.D. A. Warner - 1998 - The European Legacy 3:163-163.
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  45.  29
    Eye Movements, Pupil Dilation, and Conflict Detection in Reasoning: Exploring the Evidence for Intuitive Logic.Zoe A. Purcell, Andrew J. Roberts, Simon J. Handley & Stephanie Howarth - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (6):e13293.
    A controversial claim in recent dual process accounts of reasoning is that intuitive processes not only lead to bias but are also sensitive to the logical status of an argument. The intuitive logic hypothesis draws upon evidence that reasoners take longer and are less confident on belief–logic conflict problems, irrespective of whether they give the correct logical response. In this paper, we examine conflict detection under conditions in which participants are asked to either judge the logical validity or (...)
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  46.  33
    Early Freud, late Freud, conflict and intentionality.Paul L. Wachtel - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (2):263-264.
  47.  14
    The Battle of Democracy, Conflict, Consensus and the Individual.G. Wallace - 1990 - Philosophical Books 31 (2):113-114.
  48.  17
    Telomere‐Specialized Retroelements in Drosophila: Adaptive Symbionts of the Genome, Neutral, or in Conflict?Dragomira N. Markova, Shawn M. Christensen & Esther Betrán - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (1):1900154.
    Linear chromosomes shorten in every round of replication. In Drosophila, telomere‐specialized long interspersed retrotransposable elements (LINEs) belonging to the jockey clade offset this shortening by forming head‐to‐tail arrays at Drosophila telomere ends. As such, these telomeric LINEs have been considered adaptive symbionts of the genome, protecting it from premature decay, particularly as Drosophila lacks a conventional telomerase holoenzyme. However, as reviewed here, recent work reveals a high degree of variation and turnover in the telomere‐specialized LINE lineages across Drosophila. There appears (...)
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  49.  22
    Ethnic Markers without Ethnic Conflict.Bram Tucker, Erik J. Ringen, Tsiazonera, Jaovola Tombo, Patricia Hajasoa, Soanahary Gérard, Rolland Lahiniriko & Angelah Halatiana Garçon - 2021 - Human Nature 32 (3):529-556.
    People often signal their membership in groups through their clothes, hairstyle, posture, and dialect. Most existing evolutionary models argue that markers label group members so individuals can preferentially interact with those in their group. Here we ask why people mark ethnic differences when interethnic interaction is routine, necessary, and peaceful. We asked research participants from three ethnic groups in southwestern Madagascar to sort photos of unfamiliar people by ethnicity, and by with whom they would prefer or not prefer to cooperate, (...)
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  50. The Foundationalist Conflict in Husserl's Rationalism.Gary E. Overvold - 1991 - Analecta Husserliana 34:441.
     
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