Le problème de l’esprit d’autrui. Discussion de quelques solutions récentes

Philosophiques 15 (2):421-451 (1988)
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Abstract

Les quatre thèses suivantes ont pour résultat qu'il devient impossible de justifier sa croyance en l'existence d'états mentaux hors les siens propres : on a un accès direct à ses propres états mentaux ; on n'a qu'un accès indirect aux états mentaux d'autrui ; le matérialisme est indéfendable et toute prétention à la connaissance doit respecter des contraintes empiristes. L'argument par analogie, une tactique classique pour justifier cette croyance, est insoutenable, en particulier lorsqu'il se base sur le comportement linguistique. Un autre argument de Putnam nous engage sur un terrain où, à la limite, il n'est plus nécessaire de parler des états mentaux d'autrui. Il faut donc rethématiser certains problèmes en théorie de la connaissance.The impossibility of justifying our commonsense belief that there are other minds follows from four theses: we have direct access to our own mental states ; we have only an indirect access to other's mental states ; materialism is untenable and our knowledge claims must be made in accordance with empiricist requirements. The well-known argument from analogy cannot be supported, especially when based on the analogy with linguistic behavior. Another argument, used by Putnam, runs on an epistemic ground. But here, the ultimate consequence is that it is useless to talk about other's mental states, a very unwelcomed conclusion. We are thus led to a reexamination of certain areas of the philosophy of knowledge, especially those connected with our knowledge of our own mental states

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Computing Machinery and Intelligence.Alan M. Turing - 2003 - In John Heil (ed.), Philosophy of Mind: A Guide and Anthology. New York: Oxford University Press.
The scientific inference to other minds.Robert Pargetter - 1984 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 62 (2):158-63.
The analogical inference to other minds.Alec Hyslop & Frank Jackson - 1972 - American Philosophical Quarterly 9 (3):168-76.
The mechanical concept of mind.Michael Scriven - 1953 - Mind 62 (April):230-240.

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