Results for 'universal prescriptivism'

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  1. From universal prescriptivism to utilitarianism.J. W. Roxbee Cox - 1986 - Philosophical Quarterly 36 (142):1-15.
  2.  73
    From Universal Prescriptivism to Utilitarianism.James W. McGray - 1986 - Philosophy Research Archives 12 (142):79-86.
    This paper is a critique of R.M. Hare’s argument that rational universal prescriptions are equivalent to utilitarian judgments. The problem with Hare’s argument is his restrictive model of rationality. He succeeds in proving that awareness of certain facts is essential to making a fully rational universal prescription. But he fails to prove that other facts, such as the ultimate separateness of persons, are irrelevant. Once such facts are taken seriously, the utilitarian implication is invalidated.
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  3. Universal Prescriptivism Revised or: The Analyticity of the Golden Rule.Hans-Ulrich Hoche - 1995 - Revista Filosófica de Coimbra 4 (8):337-364.
     
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  4.  57
    Universal prescriptivism and practical skepticism.James W. McGray - 1990 - Philosophical Papers 19 (1):37-51.
  5.  49
    Hare's Universal Prescriptivism.C. D. MacNiven - 1964 - Dialogue 3 (2):191-198.
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  6.  83
    Hare's route from universal prescriptivism to utilitarianism.Keith Dowling - 1992 - Philosophical Papers 21 (1):65-81.
  7.  63
    Universalized prescriptivism and utilitarianism: Hare's attempted forced marriage. [REVIEW]H. J. McCloskey - 1979 - Journal of Value Inquiry 13 (1):63-76.
  8. Hare on Universal Prescriptivism and Utilitarianism.Ingmar Persson - 1983 - Analysis 43 (1):43 - 49.
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  9.  78
    A prognosis for universal prescriptivism.Norman O. Dahl - 1987 - Philosophical Studies 51 (3):383 - 424.
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  10.  87
    A Doubt about Universal Prescriptivism.John Ibberson - 1979 - Analysis 39 (3):153 - 158.
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  11.  24
    The universal law formulas.Richard Galvin - 2009 - In Thomas E. Hill, The Blackwell Guide to Kant's Ethics. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 52–82.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Some Common Misunderstandings How Different Are PGW, FUL, and FLN? The Role of the Universal Law Formulas Issues Regarding the Maxim and its Universal Counterpart The Two Hegelian Objections Contradictions in Conception Contradictions in the Will Three Persistent Problems and One Very Modest Proposal Bibliography.
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  12.  7
    Racionalidad universal y demandas locales en R. M. Hare y K.-O. Apel.Santiago N. Prono - 2005 - Tópicos 13:91-111.
    This article studies one specific aspect of two of the most important contemporary ethical theories for the rational foundation of morals norms: R. M. Hare's universal prescriptivism, and the discursive ethics of the German philosopher Karl- Otto Apel. In this way, and bearing in mind the necessity of always establishing a mediation between the universal ethics of principles, and the concrete historical contexts of the communities which apply the aforementioned norms, this last question is studied in the (...)
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  13. Sorting Out Ethics.R. M. Hare - 1997 - Oxford, GB: Clarendon Press.
    This book is divided into three parts: in Part I, R. M. Hare offers a justification for the use of philosophy of language in the treatment of moral questions, together with an overview of his moral philosophy of ‘universal prescriptivism’. The second part, and the core of the book, consists of five chapters originally presented as a lecture series under the title ‘A Taxonomy of Ethical Theories’. Hare identifies descriptivism and non‐descriptivism as the two main positions in modern (...)
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  14. R.M. Hare's Solution to the Problems of Descriptivism and Moral Emotivism.Anselmo Carvalho de Oliveira - 2016 - Ideas Y Valores 65 (160):5-28.
    Na primeira parte, argumento que o descritivismo proposto por Moritz Schlick não compreende adequadamente a função dos juízos morais. Na segunda parte, argumento que o emotivismo não apresenta uma explicação adequada para o papel da razão na ética. Na terceira parte, argumento que o prescritivismo universal proposto por R. M. Hare avança na solução dos problemas do emotivismo, porque amplia o papel da razão na ética, e na solução dos problemas do descritivismo, porque compreende a função dos juízos morais (...)
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  15. Thomas C. Vinci. Space, Geometry, and Kant’s Transcendental Deduction of the Categories. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. xii+251, index. $78.00. [REVIEW]Emily Carson - 2016 - Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 6 (2):341-344.
  16. Peter Singer, R.M. Hare, and the Trouble With Logical Consistency.Southan Rhys - 2017 - Essays in Philosophy 18 (1):146-171.
    According to the metaethics of R. M. Hare, we determine morality objectively by making a moral judgment, committing to the moral principle underlying that judgment, and then logically extending that moral principle to all relevantly similar cases. This metaethical system called universal prescriptivism had a major impact on Peter Singer, whose arguments for radically improving animal welfare and alleviating global suffering frequently rely on Hare-ian appeals to logical consistency. Hare’s work in metaethics is largely rejected now, but Singer’s (...)
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  17.  43
    Can Fanaticism Be Distinguished from Moral Idealism?David L. Norton - 1977 - Review of Metaphysics 30 (3):497 - 507.
    There is no logical bar to anybody becoming a fanatic, in Hare’s conception, because of the strict bifurcation which his logic of moral concepts imposes between the morality of interests and the morality of ideals. In the former sphere, the answer to the question "What ought I to do?" is guided by the logic of the term "ought." By its universal prescriptivism, what I ought to do is an action which exemplifies a maxim of action which similarly binds (...)
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  18.  62
    Rediscovering Eudaimonistic Teleology.Mary Hayden - 1992 - The Monist 75 (1):71-83.
    The continuing clash of ethical titans resounds with the cries of utilitarianism, virtue ethics, hedonism, rational egoism, emotivism, deontology, universal prescriptivism, rational contractarianism, and non-cognitivism. This fray is predicated upon each combatant assuming that his truth is complete and exclusive of all others and that his predecessors have been refuted. But are these assumptions true? Is it not possible that each has indeed grasped something true: the necessity of pursuing the greatest good for the greatest number in political (...)
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  19.  90
    Review of R. M. Hare, Sorting out Ethics[REVIEW]Anthony Skelton - 2001 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 79 (4):583-585.
    This is a short review of R.M. Hare's Sorting Out Ethics. It critically evaluates Hare's universal prescriptivism.
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  20.  3
    Rationalism.R. M. Hare - 1997 - In Sorting Out Ethics. Oxford, GB: Clarendon Press.
    Hare presents his own position, a theory that incorporates all the truths of the other theories that have been discussed, together with ‘prescriptive logic’, which is what makes rationality in moral thinking possible. Hare calls this position ‘universal prescriptivism’, and he identifies it as an adaptation of Kant's Categorical Imperative. Universal Prescriptivism gives a completely formal account of the meanings of moral words such as ‘ought’; i.e. it defines them purely on the basis of their logical (...)
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  21.  63
    Hume’s Law as Another Philosophical Problem for Autonomous Weapons Systems.Robert James M. Boyles - 2021 - Journal of Military Ethics 20 (2):113-128.
    This article contends that certain types of Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS) are susceptible to Hume’s Law. Hume’s Law highlights the seeming impossibility of deriving moral judgments, if not all evaluative ones, from purely factual premises. If autonomous weapons make use of factual data from their environments to carry out specific actions, then justifying their ethical decisions may prove to be intractable in light of the said problem. In this article, Hume’s original formulation of the no-ought-from-is thesis is evaluated in relation (...)
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  22.  53
    Towards an adequate ethical theory.Aleksandar T. Dobrijević - 2003 - Filozofija I Društvo 2003 (22):65-114.
    Autor preispituje Herovu tvrdnju o univerzalnom preskriptivizmu kao najadekvatnijoj etickoj teoriji u uzem smislu. Validnost tog stanovista odmerava se u odnosu na neke konkurentne koncepcije, i to preko uslova koji moraju da se ispune kako bi jedna eticka teorija mogla da se nazove adekvatnom.
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  23.  92
    Breve storia dell'etica.Sergio Cremaschi - 2012 - Roma RM, Italia: Carocci.
    The book reconstructs the history of Western ethics. The approach chosen focuses the endless dialectic of moral codes, or different kinds of ethos, moral doctrines that are preached in order to bring about a reform of existing ethos, and ethical theories that have taken shape in the context of controversies about the ethos and moral doctrines as means of justifying or reforming moral doctrines. Such dialectic is what is meant here by the phrase ‘moral traditions’, taken as a name for (...)
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  24. L'etica del Novecento. Dopo Nietzsche.Sergio Cremaschi - 2005 - Roma RM, Italia: Carocci.
    TWENTIETH-CENTURY ETHICS. AFTER NIETZSCHE -/- Preface This book tells the story of twentieth-century ethics or, in more detail, it reconstructs the history of a discussion on the foundations of ethics which had a start with Nietzsche and Sidgwick, the leading proponents of late-nineteenth-century moral scepticism. During the first half of the century, the prevailing trends tended to exclude the possibility of normative ethics. On the Continent, the trend was to transform ethics into a philosophy of existence whose self-appointed task was (...)
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  25.  16
    Fórmulas Barcan de segundo orden y universales trascendentes1.Transcendent Universals - 2013 - Ideas Y Valores 62 (152).
  26.  19
    Descriptive Meaning.R. M. Hare - 1963 - In Richard Mervyn Hare, Freedom and reason. Oxford,: Clarendon Press.
    Outlines the features of descriptive terms and judgements. The role played by descriptive meaning in moral statements is elucidated by examining the general nature of descriptivist statements and the connection with universalizability. It is argued that any singular descriptive judgement is universalizable in the sense that it commits the speaker to making the same judgement about relevantly similar subjects. Value judgements and generally descriptive judgements share descriptive content and are therefore universalizable in the same way. But in the case of (...)
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  27. A note on universally free first order quantification theory ap Rao.Universally Free First Order Quantification - forthcoming - Logique Et Analyse.
     
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  28.  28
    Universals.James Porter Moreland - 2001 - Routledge.
    Things are particulars and their qualities are universals, but do universals have an existence distinct from the particular things describable by those terms? And what must be their nature if they do? This book provides a careful and assured survey of the central issues of debate surrounding universals, in particular those issues that have been a crucial part of the emergence of contemporary analytic ontology. The book begins with a taxonomy of extreme nominalist, moderate nominalist, and realist positions on properties, (...)
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  29. Ralph Nader.Corporations Universities - 1983 - In James Hamilton Schaub, Karl Pavlovic & M. D. Morris, Engineering professionalism and ethics. Malabar, Fla.: Krieger Pub. Co.. pp. 276.
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  30. Universals are Not Immanent and Constructors.Michael J. Raven - forthcoming - Disputatio.
    A modern and influential Aristotelian conception of universals combines two ideas: that a universal is immanent in its instantiations, and that its instantiations are partly constructed by this universal. I argue that these two ideas are inconsistent on weaker assumptions than previously recognized.
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  31. Universals: an opinionated introduction.D. M. Armstrong - 1989 - Boulder: Westview Press.
    In this short text, a distinguished philosopher turns his attention to one of the oldest and most fundamental philosophical problems of all: How it is that we are able to sort and classify different things as being of the same natural class? Professor Armstrong carefully sets out six major theories—ancient, modern, and contemporary—and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of each. Recognizing that there are no final victories or defeats in metaphysics, Armstrong nonetheless defends a traditional account of universals as the (...)
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  32. Universals and scientific realism.David Malet Armstrong - 1978 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    v. 1. Nominalism and realism.--v. 2. A theory of universals.
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  33. Universals, laws, and governance.Matthew Tugby - 2016 - Philosophical Studies 173 (5):1147-1163.
    Proponents of the dispositional theory of properties typically claim that their view is not one that offers a realist, governing conception of laws. My first aim is to show that, contrary to this claim, if one commits to dispositionalism then one does not automatically give up on a robust, realist theory of laws. This is because dispositionalism can readily be developed within a Platonic framework of universals. Second, I argue that there are good reasons for realist dispositionalists to favour a (...)
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  34.  25
    Universals.Timothy H. Pickavance & Robert C. Koons - 2017 - In Robert C. Koons & Timothy Pickavance, The atlas of reality: a comprehensive guide to metaphysics. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 123–146.
    There is substantial controversy about the nature of both particulars and properties. Some philosophers think that the categories of particular and property are fundamental, that at least some of the things in both are in no way derived from or dependent on things in another category. These philosophers are Realists about both particulars and properties. Nominalists think of particulars as fundamental and of properties as non‐fundamental, with the latter being derived from the former. This chapter explores why someone might go (...)
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  35.  1
    Universals of Human Nature.Tomáš Károly - 2024 - Pro-Fil 25 (2):51-65.
    With the arrival of biological evolutionism and behaviourism, the concept of human nature has become very unstable. The proposed method for detecting the features of human nature based on discomfort allows us to reconsider human nature and regard the species as ontological entities. The human species is represented by biosubstrates that instantiate essential universals. When society restricts fundamental behavioural expressions, individuals experience discomfort, which leads to rebellion. These expressions of discomfort lead us to recognise the basic universals of human nature. (...)
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  36. (2 other versions)Indiscernible universals.Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra - 2017 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 60 (6):604-624.
    Universals have traditionally thought to obey the identity of indiscernibles, that is, it has traditionally been thought that there can be no perfectly similar universals. But at least in the conception of universals as immanent, there is nothing that rules out there being indiscernible universals. In this paper, I shall argue that there is useful work indiscernible universals can do, and so there might be reason to postulate indiscernible universals. In particular, I shall argue that postulating indiscernible universals can allow (...)
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  37.  47
    III*—Universals: Bambrough on Wittgenstein.Ilham Dilman - 1979 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 79 (1):35-58.
    Ilham Dilman; III*—Universals: Bambrough on Wittgenstein, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 79, Issue 1, 1 June 1979, Pages 35–58, https://doi.org.
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  38. Aristotelian universals, strong immanence, and construction.Damiano Costa & Alessandro Giordani - 2024 - Synthese 203 (2):1-15.
    The Aristotelian view of universals, according to which each universal generically depends for its existence on its instantiations, has recently come under attack by a series of ground-theoretic arguments. The last such arguments, presented by Raven, promises to offer several significant improvements over its predecessors, such as avoiding commitment to the transitivity of ground and offering new reasons for the metaphysical priority of universals over their instantiations. In this paper, we argue that Raven's argument does not effectively avoid said (...)
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  39.  19
    Universals, Concepts and Qualities: New Essays on the Meaning of Predicates.P. F. Strawson & Arindam Chakrabarti - 2006 - Routledge.
    Are there universal properties grounding our sense of resemblance or qualitative identity among a number of distinct things or events which appear to form a class, a type or a kind of some other sort? Do universals such as humanness, triangularity, or being an Oak exist? Is being a laptop computer a universal, which has only recently come into existence? Do predicate expressions, adjectives or abstract nouns refer to objective properties or cognitive contents called concepts? The problem of (...)
  40. A Problem for Immanent Universals in States of Affairs.Michael J. Raven - 2022 - American Philosophical Quarterly 59 (1):1-9.
    This paper raises a problem for the pair of views that universals are immanent in their instantiations and that these instantiations, or states of affairs, are somehow constructed from the instantiated universals. It is argued that the pair is inconsistent. The first view implies that universals are prior to states of affairs, whereas the second view implies that states of affairs are prior to universals. This paper does not attempt to solve this problem, but rather to formulate it precisely. That (...)
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  41. Universals.Hilary Staniland - 1972 - Garden City, N.Y.,: Anchor Books.
     
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  42. Universals: Ways or Things?Scott Berman - 2008 - Metaphysica 9 (2):219-234.
    What all contemporary so-called aristotelian realists have in common has been identified by David Armstrong as the principle of instantiation. This principle has been put forward in different versions, but all of them have the following simple consequence in common: uninstantiated universals do not exist. Such entities are for the lotus-eating Platonist to countenance, but not for any sort of moderate realist. I shall argue that this principle, in any guise, is not the best way to differentiate aristotelianism from Platonism. (...)
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  43.  41
    Universals in the Fourteenth Century.Fabrizio Amerini & Laurent Cesalli (eds.) - 2017 - Pisa: Seminari E Convegni.
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  44.  10
    Revisiting Universals with Special Reference to Tropes.Bhumika Kanjilal - 2020 - Journal of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research 37 (1):97-114.
    The main purpose of this paper is to uphold the very fact that there are many ways of understanding the concept Universal and also the several issues revolving round it but then the fundamental aim must be to free the ontology of any extra pressure. Thus, the prime aim of the paper is to exhibit the different ways in which discussions relating to Universals were usually dealt with. The thrust nevertheless lies on the reference of Tropes which is found (...)
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  45.  96
    Universals: studies in Indian logic and linguistics.Frits Staal - 1988 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    This collection of articles and review essays, including many hard to find pieces, comprises the most important and fundamental studies of Indian logic and linguistics ever undertaken. Frits Staal is concerned with four basic questions: Are there universals of logic that transcend culture and time? Are there universals of language and linguistics? What is the nature of Indian logic? And what is the nature of Indian linguistics? By addressing these questions, Staal demonstrates that, contrary to the general assumption among Western (...)
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  46. Semantics: primes and universals.Anna Wierzbicka - 1996 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Conceptual primitives and semantic universals are the cornerstones of a semantic theory which Anna Wierzbicka has been developing for many years. Semantics: Primes and Universals is a major synthesis of her work, presenting a full and systematic exposition of that theory in a non-technical and readable way. It delineates a full set of universal concepts, as they have emerged from large-scale investigations across a wide range of languages undertaken by the author and her colleagues. On the basis of empirical (...)
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  47. H. Tristram Engelhardt, jr.Universality Morality - 2002 - In Julia Lai Po-Wah Tao, Cross-cultural perspectives on the (im) possibility of global bioethics. Boston: Kluwer Academic.
     
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  48. On universals.Nicholas Wolterstorff - 1970 - Chicago,: University of Chicago Press.
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  49. Universals in Gregory of Rimini’s Sentences Commentary.Charles Girard - 2017 - In Fabrizio Amerini & Laurent Cesalli, Universals in the Fourteenth Century. Pisa: Seminari E Convegni. pp. 241-266.
    The chapter aims at reconstructing Gregory of Rimini's view on universals in absence of the full-bodied treatment Gregory himself promised in his work. According to Gregory, there is nothing universal outside the mind, and universal concepts are made-up on the basis of prior cognitions. In absence of Gregory's explicit statements of the matter, I argue that these concepts must most probably be qualities in the mind that are really distinct from acts of cognition and remain in the mind (...)
     
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  50. The myth of language universals: Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science.Nicholas Evans & Stephen C. Levinson - 2009 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32 (5):429-448.
    Talk of linguistic universals has given cognitive scientists the impression that languages are all built to a common pattern. In fact, there are vanishingly few universals of language in the direct sense that all languages exhibit them. Instead, diversity can be found at almost every level of linguistic organization. This fundamentally changes the object of enquiry from a cognitive science perspective. This target article summarizes decades of cross-linguistic work by typologists and descriptive linguists, showing just how few and unprofound the (...)
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