Promettant à la fois la capture de l’instant et son dépassement vers l’intemporel, le medium photographique voit son destin intimement lié à la catégorie du temps. L’article suggère cependant que cette inclusion du temps dans l’image s’est acquise, au cours de l’histoire de la photographie, au prix d’une essentialisation du momentané. À rebours d’une telle approche, il s’agit de repenser l’instantané photographique comme découlant de l’accident, si bien que la photo figure non plus l’instant fécond, mais bien (...) le temps de l’accident, qui correspond, dans tous les sens du terme, à un arrêt de mort. (shrink)

Dans les deux textes composant ce volume, on confronte Descartes pour qui la liberte est un fait certain et plus clair qu'aucun autre avec Hobbes qui recuse la validite de ce fait au nom de la necessite universelle qui gouverne aussi bien les evenements naturels que les actions humaines. On cherche a montrer ensuite quue la liberte ne serait pas le pouvoir ou la perfection propre a chacun de nous sans l'epreuve de la resistance que le corps propre oppose a (...) l'effort (Maine de Biran), sans une confrontation de tous les instants avec ce que Ricoeur nomme l'involontaire, engageant ainsi une discussion de fond, feconde et exigeante, avec Descartes auteur d'un Traite des passions. Le croisement entre le point de vue phenomenologique et celui du physicien sur l'affectivite montre aussi qu'expliquer et comprendre ne sont pas comme des mondes paralleles. Pierre Guenancia est professeur d'histoire de la philosophie moderne a l'universite de Bourgogne. Apres plusieurs livres et articles sur Descartes et la pensee classique, il a publie recemment Le Regard de la pensee. Philosophie de la representation (PUF 2009), Descartes chemin faisant (Encre Marine, 2010), Divertissements pascaliens (Hermann, 2011), ainsi que la reedition de Descartes et l'ordre politique (Tel, Gallimard 2012). A la suite de plusieurs textes sur le cosmopolitisme, il prepare un essai sur les Prolegomenes a une philosophie du cosmopolitisme. (shrink)

In a first part, the contribution goes through different competing and/or complementary concepts of ontography as they appear in phenomenology, object-oriented ontology, science and technology studies, and semiotics. From this comparative examination, the text develops a notion of ontography in contrast to that of ontology. It highlights the ontography of temporal objects and adds a specific media-philosophical approach to it by concentrating on the operations and tools of ontographical writing, registering or drawing being in time. In a second part, ontography (...) is analysed as a techno-aesthetic operation on television, namely as the core of the slow motion replay. Four spectacular examples of instant replay are taken from the history of television that make the writing of an extended and malleable presence through television visible. From that, the contribution develops a hypothesis about the ontographical functioning of the medium of television and of its approach to the world. (shrink)

Resumen El artículo problematiza el concepto de instante en la obra temprana de M. Heidegger, particularmente Ser y tiempo. La problematización se propone, en primer lugar, mostrar en qué medida no es el instante como mirada quien abre la situación, sino la situación, como espacio de concernencia, quien posibilita el instante. En segundo, elucida el instante como un fenómeno responsivo y lo vincula a un acontecimiento repentino, decisivo y alterador que configura la situación a la que responde. En tercero, muestra (...) cómo el instante repercute en la eclosión de la situación. Finalmente, determina el carácter esencialmente espacio-temporal del fenómeno. (shrink)

In this article we study the work and communication practices of two highly connected organizations, the members of which have all access to instant messaging on a professional basis. We document the development of a communicational genre, that of ‘quick questions’, and analyze the sequence organization of such IM conversation threads. We show how ‘quick questions’ enable the collaborative accomplishment of complex, knowledge-intensive tasks by recruiting colleagues constituted as experts capable of quickly answering information requests related to ongoing tasks. (...) ‘Quick questions’ articulate communicative practices, ‘strong’ distribution of tasks and ‘organizing’ in highly connected organizations. We argue that they enact a distinctive cognitive and moral economy based on minimal forms of interaction and exchanges, constituting a more general phenomenon. (shrink)

This volume records a remarkable encounter in critical and philosophical thinking: a meeting of two of the great pioneers in contemporary thought, Maurice Blanchot and Jacques Derrida, who are also bound together by friendship and a complex relation to their own pasts. More than a literary text with critical commentary, it constitutes an event of central significance for contemporary philosophical, literary, and political concerns. The book consists of _The Instant of My Death,_ a powerful short prose piece by Blanchot, (...) and an extended essay by Derrida that reads it in the context of questions of literature and of bearing witness. Blanchot's narrative concerns a moment when a young man is brought before a firing squad during World War II and then suddenly finds himself released from his near death. The incident, written in the third person, is suggestively autobiographical—from the title, several remarks in the text, and a letter Blanchot wrote about a similar incident in his own life—but only insofar as it raises questions for Blanchot about what such an experience might mean. The accident of near death becomes, in the instant the man is released, the accident of a life he no longer possesses. The text raises the question of what it means to write about a experience one cannot claim as one's own, and as such is a text of testimony or witness. Derrida's reading of Blanchot links the problem of testimony to the problem of the secret and to the notion of the instant. It thereby provides the elements of a more expansive reassessment of literature, testimony, and truth. In addressing the complex relation between writing and history, Derrida also implicitly reflects on questions concerning the relation between European intellectuals and World War II. (shrink)

Este artigo discute a experiência do Instante (Augenblick) à luz da ontologia da subjetividade desenvolvida por Kierkegaard, Nietzsche e Heidegger. O trabalho propõe que o Instante constitui uma experiência concreta de ruptura que tem como fundo e correlato a mediania pública niveladora. No Instante, instala-se a angústia que revela o domínio do público sobre a subjetividade (como publicidade, niilismo e domínio técnico). Ao mesmo tempo, revela-se a possibilidade de recuperação do ser si mesmo (Selbst) mais próprio na singularidade. Conversão, superação, (...) apropriação ou fuga para a impessoalidade constituem possibilidades abertas no Instante. Nesse horizonte, o artigo oferece elementos para a compreensão da experiência que se nomeia com a noção de Instante e sua pertinência para pensar uma ética da singularidade. (shrink)

Para la estética, la creatividad es la emergencia del instante que la vuelve irrepetible o un transitar pendular que la hace resurgir como reminiscencia cegada por un ocaso repetitivo. Haciendo coincidir proceso y teleología, Peirce aglutina estas dos dimensiones, sin atisbar realmente un atisbo de humanidad para disfrutar de lo ínfimo. De ahí que propongamos un momento oportuno que nos dirija hacia una temporalidad más humana.

ObjectiveTo investigate the instant impact of hemodialysis on the cerebral morphological measurements of patients with end-stage renal disease.Materials and methodsTwenty-five patients undergoing maintenance HD and twenty-eight age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy control were included. The HD group and HC group had 3D high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging scans twice and once, respectively. Both groups underwent neuropsychologic tests. The morphological measurements of structural MRI were measured using CAT12 and these measures were compared among three groups. The relationship between morphological measures (...) and clinical parameters and neuropsychological tests were investigated through multiple regression analysis.ResultsCompared to the HC group, the cortical thickness before HD significantly decreased in the bilateral temporal lobe and significantly decreased in the left superior temporal gyrus after HD. The cortical thickness significantly increased in the bilateral temporal lobe, frontal lobe and occipital lobe after HD compared to before HD. The sulcus depth in the bilateral insula, frontal lobe, and parietal lobe after HD significantly increased compared to before HD. No significant differences in sulcus depth between HD and HC were detected. After HD, the cortical thickness of the right parsopercularis was positively correlated with the number connection test-A. Cortical thickness in multiple regions were positively correlated with blood flow velocity and cortical thickness in the left parahippocampal gyrus was negatively correlated with ultrafiltration volume. Patients showed better performance in the digit symbol test and line tracing test after HD compared to before HD, but there were no significant differences in the comparison of neuropsychologic tests between patients and HC.ConclusionThe instant morphological changes were captured during a single hemodialysis in HD patients. There was an association between these instant changes in the brain and clinical parameters and neuropsychologic tests. This work implied the instant impact of a single hemodialysis impact on the brain in HD patients. (shrink)

Lors d’un cours du semestre d’hiver 1929/30, Heidegger affirme de « l’instant », tel que le pense Kierkegaard, et tout en en assumant à son tour le concept, qu’il ouvre « la possibilité d’une époque complètement nouvelle de la philosophie ». Quelques années plus tard, les Contributions à la philosophie accomplissent toutefois elles-mêmes l’entrée de la pensée heideggérienne dans une dimension impensée de toute l’histoire de l’ontologie, celle de l’ Ereignis, de l’événement d’appropriation depuis lequel l’unité de l’être et (...) du temps se laisse atteindre. Or, ce manuscrit fait justement de l’instant, der Augenblick, un trait libérant un regard pour et dans l’ Ereignis. Faut-il en conclure que la nouveauté de l’instant kierkegaardien mène jusqu’à cette extrémité? Et s’il est vrai que Kierkegaard est un auteur chrétien, quel rapport la pensée de l’ Ereignis entretient-elle alors avec le christianisme? Pour répondre à ces questions, les pages qui suivent prennent le concept d’instant pour fil directeur d’une lecture croisée des œuvres de Heidegger et de Kierkegaard. (shrink)

Se, para Gaston Bachelard, a realidade do tempo se reduz ao instante presente, circundado por dois nadas, para Henri Bergson, que se encontra em uma posição diametralmente oposta à de Bachelard, o tempo é um contínuo, uma duração ininterrupta. Mais do que isso, para Bergson, a única dimensão real do tempo é o passado, que se prolonga no presente e abre as portas para o futuro, ou seja, para o novo, para a novidade. Pois bem, tomando por base a querela (...) que se estabeleceu entre esses dois pensadores acerca do tempo, o presente artigo pretende mostrar como é possível dissolver o paradoxo do tempo a partir do aprofundamento de sua relação com a matéria. Relação essa que sempre foi feita na história da filosofia, e mesmo na ciência, mas nunca por se levar em conta que o enigma do tempo depende também da decifração do que é a própria matéria, sempre considerada algo de menor valor por uma metafísica dualista que ainda domina subterraneamente o pensamento. (shrink)

The instant -- The problem of habit and discontinuous time -- The idea of progress and the intuition of discontinuous time -- Conclusion -- Appendix A: "Poetic instant and metaphysical instant" by Gaston Bachelard -- Appendix B: Reading Bachelard reading Siloe: an excerpt from "Introduction to Bachelard's poetics" by Jean Lescure -- Appendix C: A short biography of Gaston Bachelard.

When, in Plato’s Parmenides 155e4–157b5, Parmenides refers to the instant (ἐξαίφνης), he is alluding to a paradox of Zeno, and not to an argument of Plato. Thus, in the second part of the Parmenides, the speaker is a fair representation of the historical Parmenides, and not a figment of Plato’s imagination.

Plato's view on time, a key aspect of his doctrine of forms, is influenced by his reception of Parmenides, but the way in which Plato takes up and modifies Parmenides' view is a matter of ongoing scholarly debate. In this article, the author analyzes Plato's revision of Parmenidean time by exploring four temporalities: the eternal present, timeless eternity, the enduring present, and the instant between time and eternity. Through this examination, she uncovers the common origin of both the eternal (...) present of Parmenides' fragment B8 and the flowing present of the phenomenal realm in the instant (ἐξαίφνης) in Plato's Parmenides. This perspective on time offers a promising solution to Plato's problem of participation, bridging the gap between the eternal being of the form and the being in time of the particulars. (shrink)

Many philosophers hold that ‘one-instant worlds’—worlds that contain a single instant—fail to contain time. We experimentally investigate whether these worlds satisfy the folk concept of time. We found that ~50% of participants hold that there is time in such worlds. We argue that this suggests one of two possibilities. First, the population disagree about whether at least one of the A-, B-, or C-series is necessary for time, with there being a substantial sub-population for whom the presence of (...) neither an A-, B-, nor C-series, is necessary for time, and hence those folk have a radically more minimal concept of time than has been attributed to them by philosophers. Or, second, the population do not disagree about whether at least one of the A-, B-, or C-series is necessary for time, but disagree about what it takes for a world to fail to contain even a C-series. (shrink)

En el marco del juego hipotético del diálogo El Parménides, donde se examinan las posibilidades de lo Uno y lo Múltiple en relación con su participación en el ser, surge, como condición de dicha participación en tiempos diferentes, la existencia del instante. Este elemento irrumpe fraccionando la continuidad de la magnitud del movimiento, introduciendo así el "cambio" como el concepto que permite eludir la contradicción en que podría caer el Uno al participar y no participar simultáneamente. Se exponen, de este (...) modo, las circunstancias de la aparición tematizada del instante en el diálogo, y su rasgo intemporal como característica sobresaliente. (shrink)

Comme les peintres et poètes marquants de ce siècle, Debussy et Webern ont tourné l'un et l'autre la page de « l'âge de la représentation » inauguré au début du XVIe siècle, pour tracer le chemin des formes ouvertes. Libérée de toute soumission à quelque structure préétablie, l'œuvre vient au jour de la forme selon un processus d'engendrement qui marque tous ses paramètres au sceau de la mobilité. Cependant, loin de se laisser enfermer dans un univers auto-référentiel, les musiques de (...) Debussy et de Webern révèlent un rapport fondateur à la nature que l'on peut comprendre comme une quête de « l'origine ». Une interrogation sur l'instant fondateur du rythme met à jour des différences stylistiques notables – instant de l'effacement chez le premier, instant du rayonnement chez le second – et conduit à parler de leur musique comme d'une « voie négative » où l'on discerne les signes d'une authentique aventure spirituelle.Like the outstanding painters and poets of this century, Debussy and Webern both turned the page of the « age of representation » inaugurated at the beginning of the 16th century, in order to map out a path of open forms. Freed from all submission to any pre-established structure, the work was born of the form according to a process of creation that marks all its parameters with the seal of mobility. Far from falling into a self-referential world, Debussy's music and Webern’s reveal a basic relationship with nature that can be understood as a quest for « origin ». An examination of the founding moment of rhythm manifests notable stylistic differences – moment of effacement for the former, moment of rayonnement for the latter – and leads us to think of their music as a « negative way », where we discern the signs of an authentic spiritual adventure. (shrink)

This anthology concerns limit-decision problems, chiefly as treated in the fourteenth-century Latin West. A central problem taken up concerns the instant of change: in a change from ø to not-ø such that before instant t there is ø and after t not-ø, at t is there ø, or not-ø, or neither, or both? For medieval thinkers, the answer often depended on what kind of item was at issue. They standardly distinguished permanent items, the whole of which exists simultaneously, (...) from successive items, whose parts are non-simultaneous, and gave different type or type answers in the two cases.The papers in... (shrink)

El artículo aborda el problema del instante (Augenblick) a partir de la obra temprana de Martin Heidegger y su prolongación en Ser y tiempo. La persuasión de que solo el cristianismo primitivo ha vivido una temporalidad originaria, se prolonga en Ser y tiempo en una interpretación del instante como integración del pasado y del futuro. Aquello que en Aristóteles no alcanzaba a constituirse –la conexión entre kairós y výn– encuentra su pleno develamiento en la escatología paulina. Sin embargo, el ésjaton (...) de la parusía cristiana se convierte en Ser y tiempo en una escatología de la muerte. (shrink)

This paper will argue that the puzzles about instantaneous velocity, and rates of change more generally, are the result of a failure to recognize an ambiguity in the concept of an instant, and therefore of an instantaneous state. We will conclude that there are two distinct conceptions of a temporal instant: (i) instants conceived as fundamentally distinct zero-duration temporal atoms and (ii) instants conceived as the boundary of, or between,temporally extended durations. Since the concept of classical instantaneous velocity (...) is well- defined only on the second conception of instants, we will conclude that this distinction allows us to avoid the above dilemma. If instantaneous velocity is well-defined then the states of a system at various instants are not logically distinct and thus we cannot generate Zeno’s paradox. However, if we assume that the instants are metaphysically distinct, then instantaneous velocity is not well-defined and thus the second horn of the dilemma about the causal-explanatory role of instantaneous velocity cannot be generated. (shrink)

Ceci n’a rien d’un texte référencé, documenté par de multiples citations et connaissances littéraires ou mythologiques accumulées : ce n’est que l’expression de relations humaines, pathétiques ou tragiques dérivant au gré du besoin de l’enfant... à tout prix.Fabriquer une vie, transmettre un peu de soi – en duplication de deux unités – dépasse toutes les..

Since antiquity, philosophers have investigated how change works. If a thing moves from one state to another, when exactly does it start to be in its new state, and when does it cease to be in its former one? In the late Middle Ages, the "problem of the instant of change" was subject to considerable debate and gave rise to sophisticated theories; it became popular and controversial again in the second half of the twentieth century. The studies collected here (...) constitute the first attempt at tackling the different aspects of an issue that, until now have been the object of seminal but isolated forays. They do so in through a historical perspective, offering both the medieval and the contemporary viewpoints. (shrink)

In Kierkegaard’s Instant, David J. Kangas reads Kierkegaard to reveal his radical thinking about temporality. For Kierkegaard, the instant of becoming, in which everything changes in the blink of an eye, eludes recollection and anticipation. It constitutes a beginning always already at work. As Kangas shows, Kierkegaard’s retrieval of the sudden quality of temporality allows him to stage a deep critique of the idealist projects of Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. By linking Kierkegaard’s thought to the tradition of Meister (...) Eckhart, Kangas formulates the central problem of these early texts and puts them into contemporary light—can thinking hold itself open to the challenges of temporality? (shrink)

Instantaneous changes may well be thought to give rise to contradiction. If one endorses an explosive logic, where contradictions entail everything, this is entirely unacceptable. However, if one deploys a paraconsistent logic, which keeps contradictions under control, one may give perfectly coherent and precise models of such changes. In In Contradiction the author showed how and he explored the philosophical implications of the model. Here, the author revisits the issue in the light of a recent critique by Greg Littmann.

There is a mystery, present from conception, namely, how the human person, who transcends the individual elements of sperm and ovum, can nevertheless come to exist at the first instant of the sperm’s interaction with the ovum, an event marked by the formation of an “embryonic skin,” or wall. In this essay, the author holds that the full complexity of the human person implies such a profound unity-in-diversity of human being that we must, in the end, let the dialogue (...) between reason and revelation lead us to conclude that the first instant of embryonic life is the first instant that the person comes to exist: that the first sign of embryonic life is a “natural sacrament” of the internal act of God which brings the person to exist, one in soul and body. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 12.3 (Autumn 2012): 421–430. (shrink)

El presente artículo problematiza sobre la temporalidad de la historia (Geschichte) pensada a partir del instante kairológico y el vínculo que éste guarda tanto con la propuesta de Martin Heidegger en torno a la temporalidad propia (Zeitlichkeit), como con la denominada efectua-ción del tiempo (Zeitigung) de Reinhart Koselleck. Inicialmente, buscamos preponderar el carácter kairológico del tiempo que irrumpe y media entre la relación del tiempo pensado co-mo Chronos y Aión. Seguidamente explicitamos algunas de las formas desde las cuales pue-de ser (...) entendido el Kairós (καιρός), para finalmente enfatizar la posibilidad del carácter reso-lutivo de éste en la apertura del acontecer histórico y en la decisión propia del Dasein (Ser-Ahí) como ser en el mundo. (shrink)

Appearing in English for the first time, _Intuition of the Instant_—Bachelard’s first metaphysical meditation on time and its moral implications—was written in 1932 in the wake of Husserl’s lectures on streaming time-consciousness, Heidegger’s _Being and Time,_ and Henri Bergson’s philosophy of the élan vital. A culmination of Bachelard’s earlier studies in scientific epistemology, this work builds the epistemic framework that would lead theorists of all stripes to advance knowledge by breaking with accepted modes of thought. _Intuition of the Instant (...) _sows the seeds of Bachelard’s future poetics, most notably in the essay “Poetic Instant and Metaphysical Instant” —included in this volume, along with an excerpt from Jean Lescure’s lecture “Introduction to Bachelard’s Poetics”. Eileen Rizo-Patron’s translation offers a key to Bachelard’s subsequent works on science, time, and imagination, which remain epistemological touchstones. (shrink)