Results for 'heterogeneous setting'

974 found
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  1.  8
    Being the Facilitator: A Brief Research Report on the Motivation of the Choreographer and Dance Maker to Work With Heterogeneous Groups in a Community Dance Setting.Mia Sophia Bilitza - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    In inclusive dance settings, where people with different abilities and talents come together, the role of facilitators is essential in guiding the process of inclusion. Their behavior gives sensitive information to the individual about one’s status within the own-group affiliation. Even today, very little research on the motivation for facilitating inclusivity in dance contexts exists. This case study will examine the facilitator’s motivation by juxtaposing current theory next to experiences of seven experts of contemporary dance facilitation in Europe. Good opportunities (...)
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  2.  74
    Heterogeneous logic.I. L. Humberstone - 1988 - Erkenntnis 29 (3):395 - 435.
    This paper considers the question: what becomes of the notion of a logic as a way of codifying valid arguments when the customary assumption is dropped that the premisses and conclusions of these arguments are statements from some single language? An elegant treatment of the notion of a logic, when this assumption is in force, is that provided by Dana Scott's theory of consequence relations; this treatment is appropriately generalized in the present paper to the case where we do not (...)
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  3.  95
    The Heterogeneity of Socially Responsible Investment.Joakim Sandberg, Carmen Juravle, Ted Martin Hedesström & Ian Hamilton - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 87 (4):519-533.
    Many writers have commented on the heterogeneity of the socially responsible investment (SRI) movement. However, few have actually tried to understand and explain it, and even fewer have discussed whether the opposite – standardisation – is possible and desirable. In this article, we take a broader perspective on the issue of the heterogeneity of SRI. We distinguish between four levels on which heterogeneity can be found: the terminological, definitional, strategic and practical. Whilst there is much talk about the definitional ambiguities (...)
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  4.  51
    A Heterogeneous Branching Process with Immigration Modeling for COVID-19 Spreading in Local Communities in China.Lin Zhang, Haochen Wang, Zhongyang Liu, Xiao Fan Liu, Xin Feng & Ye Wu - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-11.
    The COVID-19 pandemic spread catastrophically over the world since the spring of 2020. In this paper, a heterogeneous branching process with immigration is established to quantify the human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 in local communities, based on the temporal and structural transmission patterns extracted from public case disclosures by four provincial Health Commissions in China. With proper parameter settings, our branching model matches the actual transmission chains satisfactorily and, therefore, sheds light on the underlying COVID-19 spreading mechanism. Moreover, based on (...)
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  5.  56
    Hospital ethics committees in Israel: structure, function and heterogeneity in the setting of statutory ethics committees.N. S. Wenger - 2002 - Journal of Medical Ethics 28 (3):177-182.
    Objectives: Hospital ethics committees increasingly affect medical care worldwide, yet there has been little evaluation of these bodies. Israel has the distinction of having ethics committees legally required by a Patients' Rights Act. We studied the development of ethics committees in this legal environment.Design: Cross-sectional national survey of general hospitals to identify all ethics committees and interview of ethics committee chairpersons.Setting: Israel five years after the passage of the Patients' Rights Act.Main measurements: Patients' rights and informal ethics committee structure (...)
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  6.  15
    Firm Heterogeneity and Inequality: A Regional Perspective.Brett Anitra Gilbert & Meredith Burnett - forthcoming - Business and Society.
    Income inequality has increasingly become more ubiquitous within rather than across countries. Yet much of the theorizing has been at macro levels and does not sufficiently account for the firms within regions, which are primary sources of income inequality. Moreover, much of the research that does implicate firms, assumes that firms impact inequality equivalently. It neither accounts for the heterogeneity of firms within regions nor the potential for differential impact from that heterogeneity. Our study challenges these assumptions through a theory (...)
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  7.  33
    Heterogeneous Motives in the Trust Game: A Tale of Two Roles.Antonio M. Espín, Filippos Exadaktylos & Levent Neyse - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7:184127.
    Trustful and trustworthy behaviors have important externalities for the society. But what exactly drives people to behave in a trustful and trustworthy manner? Building on research suggesting that individuals’ social preferences might be a common factor informing both behaviors, we study the impact of a set of different motives on individuals’ choices in a dual-role Trust Game (TG). We employ data from a large-scale representative experiment ( N = 774), where all subjects played both roles of a binary TG with (...)
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  8.  21
    Stitching together the heterogeneous party: A complementary social data science experiment.Morten A. Pedersen, Snorre Ralund, Mette M. Madsen, Tobias B. Jørgensen, Hjalmar B. Carlsen & Anders Blok - 2017 - Big Data and Society 4 (2).
    The era of ‘big data’ studies and computational social science has recently given rise to a number of realignments within and beyond the social sciences, where otherwise distinct data formats – digital, numerical, ethnographic, visual, etc. – rub off and emerge from one another in new ways. This article chronicles the collaboration between a team of anthropologists and sociologists, who worked together for one week in an experimental attempt to combine ‘big’ transactional and ‘small’ ethnographic data formats. Our collaboration is (...)
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  9.  10
    A Novel Stacking Heterogeneous Ensemble Model with Hybrid Wrapper-Based Feature Selection for Reservoir Productivity Predictions.Changlin Zhou, Lang Zhou, Fei Liu, Weihua Chen, Qian Wang, Keliang Liang, Wenqiu Guo & Liying Zhou - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-12.
    Acid fracturing is the most important stimulation method in the carbonate reservoir. Due to the high cost and high risk of acid fracturing, it is necessary to predict the reservoir productivity before acid fracturing, which can provide support to optimize the parameters of acid fracturing. However, the productivity of a single well is affected by various construction parameters and geological conditions. Overfitting can occur when performing productivity prediction tasks on the high-dimension, small-sized reservoir, and acid fracturing dataset. Therefore, this study (...)
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  10.  59
    Due Process and Standard-setting: An Analysis of Due Process in Three Canadian Accounting and Auditing Standard-setting Bodies.Alan Richardson - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 81 (3):679-696.
    Due process is the means by which ethical constraints are placed on administrative decision-making. I have developed a model of variation in due process and use this model to explore the implementation of “due process” norms by three standard-setting bodies that are created, funded, and overseen by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants – the Accounting Standards Board, the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, and the Public Sector Accounting Standards Board. I conducted two analyses: a comparative analysis of the (...)
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  11.  62
    Heterogeneous Rationality and Reasonable Disagreement in the Original Position.Alexandru Volacu - 2017 - Journal of Philosophical Research 42:131-148.
    In this paper I challenge the claim that each party in the original position will have a first-ranked preference for an identical set of principles of justice. I maintain, by contrast, that the original position allows parties to choose on the basis of different conceptions of rationality, which in turn may lead to a reasonable disagreement concerning the principles of justice selected. I then argue that this reasonable disagreement should not lead us to abandon contractualism, but rather to reconstruct it (...)
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  12.  15
    Instruments with Heterogeneous Effects: Bias, Monotonicity, and Localness.Nick Huntington-Klein - 2020 - Journal of Causal Inference 8 (1):182-208.
    In Instrumental Variables (IV) estimation, the effect of an instrument on an endogenous variable may vary across the sample. In this case, IV produces a local average treatment effect (LATE), and if monotonicity does not hold, then no effect of interest is identified. In this paper, I calculate the weighted average of treatment effects that is identified under general first-stage effect heterogeneity, which is generally not the average treatment effect among those affected by the instrument. I then describe a simple (...)
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  13.  14
    Integration of Heterogeneous Biological Data in Multiscale Mechanistic Model Calibration: Application to Lung Adenocarcinoma.Claudio Monteiro, Adèle L’Hostis, Jim Bosley, Ben M. W. Illigens, Eliott Tixier, Matthieu Coudron, Emmanuel Peyronnet, Nicoletta Ceres, Angélique Perrillat-Mercerot & Jean-Louis Palgen - 2022 - Acta Biotheoretica 70 (3):1-24.
    Mechanistic models are built using knowledge as the primary information source, with well-established biological and physical laws determining the causal relationships within the model. Once the causal structure of the model is determined, parameters must be defined in order to accurately reproduce relevant data. Determining parameters and their values is particularly challenging in the case of models of pathophysiology, for which data for calibration is sparse. Multiple data sources might be required, and data may not be in a uniform or (...)
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  14.  6
    An Efficient Recommendation Algorithm Based on Heterogeneous Information Network.Ying Yin & Wanning Zheng - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-18.
    Heterogeneous information networks can naturally simulate complex objects, and they can enrich recommendation systems according to the connections between different types of objects. At present, a large number of recommendation algorithms based on heterogeneous information networks have been proposed. However, the existing algorithms cannot extract and combine the structural features in heterogeneous information networks. Therefore, this paper proposes an efficient recommendation algorithm based on heterogeneous information network, which uses the characteristics of graph convolution neural network to (...)
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  15.  21
    The grotesque knot of the symptom: Heterogeneity and mutability.Rahman Veisi Hasar - 2020 - Semiotica 2020 (233):19-34.
    The present paper aims to shed light on some post-oedipal moments of the Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalysis. Going beyond the stereotypical opposition between the oedipal psychoanalysis and the anti-oedipal schizoanalysis, it endeavors to reinvestigate the semiotic nature of theknotenpunktand thesinthomeby applying some Deleuzian and Bakhtinian concepts. Thus, theknotenpunktis described as a grotesque knot bringing together some heterogeneous elements. The involved disparate components establish a rhizomatic multiplicity irreducible to a common determiner. As far as thesinthomeis concerned, it is also illustrated as a (...)
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  16.  12
    Assessing Heterogeneity in Students’ Visual Judgment: Model-Based Partitioning of Image Rankings.Miles Tallon, Mark W. Greenlee, Ernst Wagner, Katrin Rakoczy, Wolfgang Wiedermann & Ulrich Frick - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Differences in the ability of students to judge images can be assessed by analyzing the individual preference order of images. To gain insights into potential heterogeneity in judgement of visual abstraction among students, we combine Bradley–Terry preference modeling and model-based recursive partitioning. In an experiment a sample of 1,020 high-school students ranked five sets of images, three of which with respect to their level of visual abstraction. Additionally, 24 art experts and 25 novices were given the same task, while their (...)
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  17.  1
    Completeness of Infinitary Heterogeneous Logic.Christian Espíndola - 2025 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic -1:1-17.
    Given a regular cardinal κ such that κ<κ=κ (e.g., if the generalized continuum hypothesis holds), we develop a proof system for classical infinitary logic that includes heterogeneous quantification (i.e., infinite alternating sequences of quantifiers) within the language Lκ+,κ, where there are conjunctions and disjunctions of at most κ many formulas and quantification (including the heterogeneous one) is applied to less than κ many variables. This type of quantification is interpreted in Set using the usual second-order formulation in terms (...)
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  18.  5
    Niche-construction: Environmental Heterogeneity as a Selected Effect.Clint Hurshman - 2022 - Australasian Philosophical Review 6 (4):424-428.
    Joshua Christie, Carl Brusse, Pierrick Bourrat, Peter Takacs, and Paul Griffiths argue that selected-effects (SE) functions generally fail to causally explain traits because they omit some explanatorily essential information. Heterogeneous environments, bet-hedging strategies, and frequency-dependence all produce selection dynamics that are explanatorily important but that are left out when we focus exclusively on the conditions under which a given trait was adaptive. Thus, they argue, the SE theory gives inadequate explanations since it only picks out a limited set of (...)
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  19.  19
    Causal vs. Conceptual Heterogeneity: Reply to Turner.James Mahoney - 2023 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 53 (5):439-446.
    Professor Turner’s reply to my article focuses on the ways in which set-theoretic analysis can be used to help solve problems of causal heterogeneity in social science research. By contrast, I discuss the ways in which set-theoretic analysis can be used to help solve problems of conceptual heterogeneity. I identify conceptual heterogeneity as a ubiquitous problem that is disguised by psychological essentialism. The seriousness of this problem must be recognized for scholars to appreciate the advantages of constructivist set-theoretic analysis for (...)
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  20.  5
    Restricted Racial Realism: Heterogeneous Effects and the Instability of Race.Alexander Williams Tolbert - 2025 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 55 (2):146-164.
    This paper challenges the view that race is a reliable scientific variable or kind for the purpose of inductive inference within the social sciences. I characterize stability in terms of Extended Conditional Independence (ECI) and show that the heterogeneity and instability of racial categories across different background circumstances undermines their ability to support robust inductive inference and explanatory power. I claim this, in turn, undermines racial categories' status as real scientific variables or kinds. Race, has local stability within restricted sets (...)
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  21.  58
    Cross-sector Alliances for Corporate Social Responsibility Partner Heterogeneity Moderates Environmental Strategy Outcomes.Haiying Lin - 2012 - Journal of Business Ethics 110 (2):219-229.
    This article provides a new mechanism in understanding how partner heterogeneity moderates an alliance's ability to advance corporate social responsibility goals. I identified the antecedents for firms to select a more diverse set of partners and explored whether more diverse alliances (especially cross-sector alliances) may facilitate partners to achieve more proactive environmental outcomes. I employ 146 environmental alliances formed in the U.S. between 1990 and 2009 to test the assertions. Results suggest that firms with innovative orientation and alliance experiences tend (...)
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  22.  50
    Causal discovery from nonstationary/heterogeneous data : skeleton estimation and orientation determination.Kun Zhang, Biwei Huang, Jiji Zhang, Clark Glymour & Bernhard Schölkopf - unknown
    It is commonplace to encounter nonstationary or heterogeneous data, of which the underlying generating process changes over time or across data sets. Such a distribution shift feature presents both challenges and opportunities for causal discovery. In this paper we develop a principled framework for causal discovery from such data, called Constraint-based causal Discovery from Nonstationary/heterogeneous Data, which addresses two important questions. First, we propose an enhanced constraint-based procedure to detect variables whose local mechanisms change and recover the skeleton (...)
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  23.  76
    The Emergence of Reactive Strategies in Simulated Heterogeneous Populations.Ilan Fischer - 2003 - Theory and Decision 55 (4):289-314.
    The computer simulation study explores the impact of the duration of social impact on the generation and stabilization of cooperative strategies. Rather than seeding the simulations with a finite set of strategies, a continuous distribution of strategies is being defined. Members of heterogeneous populations were characterized by a pair of probabilistic reactive strategies: the probability to respond to cooperation by cooperation and the probability to respond to defection by cooperation. This generalized reactive strategy yields the standard TFT mechanism, the (...)
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  24.  8
    Medialita a problémy zprostředkování.Jiří Bystřický - 2007 - Flusser Studies 5 (1).
    The subject takes part in and constructs what it perceives, shifting, thus, the presuppositions, that is, the ‚pre-formats‘ of this construction into the background, out of reach of that which is manifesting itself. In fact, within the framework of its own construction, the subject does not dispose of any possibilities of transferring other heterogeneous settings into a unique target format upon which the world of objects is constructed. In order to achieve this the subject needs a determinate interactive interface, (...)
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  25.  18
    Making our “meta-hypotheses” clear: heterogeneity and the role of direct replications in science.Eirik Strømland - 2021 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 11 (2):1-19.
    This paper argues that some of the discussion around meta-scientific issues can be viewed as an argument over different “meta-hypotheses” – assumptions made about how different hypotheses in a scientific literature relate to each other. I argue that, currently, such meta-hypotheses are typically left unstated except in methodological papers and that the consequence of this practice is that it is hard to determine what can be learned from a direct replication study. I argue in favor of a procedure dubbed the (...)
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  26.  27
    Parallel Attribute Reduction Algorithm for Complex Heterogeneous Data Using MapReduce.Tengfei Zhang, Fumin Ma, Jie Cao, Chen Peng & Dong Yue - 2018 - Complexity 2018:1-11.
    Parallel attribute reduction is one of the most important topics in current research on rough set theory. Although some parallel algorithms were well documented, most of them are still faced with some challenges for effectively dealing with the complex heterogeneous data including categorical and numerical attributes. Aiming at this problem, a novel attribute reduction algorithm based on neighborhood multigranulation rough sets was developed to process the massive heterogeneous data in the parallel way. The MapReduce-based parallelization method for attribute (...)
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  27.  84
    Heritability and Heterogeneity: The Limited Relevance of Heritability in Investigating Genetic and Environmental Factors.Peter Taylor - 2006 - Biological Theory 1 (2):150-164.
    Many psychometricians and behavioral geneticists believe that high heritability of IQ test scores within racial groups coupled with environmental hypotheses failing to account for the differences between the mean scores for groups lends plausibility to explanations of mean differences in terms of genetic factors. I show that heritability estimates and the statistical analysis of variance on which they are based have limited relevance in exposing genetic and environmental factors operating within any single group or population. I begin with agricultural investigations, (...)
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  28.  32
    Formation Tracking of Heterogeneous Mobile Agents Using Distance and Area Constraints.E. G. Hernandez-Martinez, E. D. Ferreira-Vazquez, G. Fernandez-Anaya & J. J. Flores-Godoy - 2017 - Complexity:1-13.
    This paper presents two formation tracking control strategies for a combined set of single and double integrator agents with an arbitrary undirected communication topology. The first approach is based on the design of distance-based potential functions with interagent collision avoidance using local information about the distance and orientation between agents and the desired trajectory. The second approach adds signed area constraints to the desired formation specification and a control strategy that uses distance as well as area terms is designed to (...)
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  29.  20
    Acute Exercise-Induced Set Shifting Benefits in Healthy Adults and Its Moderators: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Max Oberste, Sophia Sharma, Wilhelm Bloch & Philipp Zimmer - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Background: Positive effects of acute exercise on cognitive performances in general inspired research that investigated the effects of acute exercise on specific cognitive subdomains. Many existing studies examined beneficial effects of acute exercise on subsequent set shifting performance in healthy adults. Set shifting, a subdomain of executive function, is the ability to switch between different cognitive sets. The results of existing studies are inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted that pooled available effect sizes. Additionally, moderator analyses were carried out to (...)
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  30.  20
    Distributed Continuous-Time Containment Control of Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems with Nonconvex Control Input Constraints.Xue Li, Lulu Wang & Yinsen Zhang - 2022 - Complexity 2022:1-12.
    This paper focuses on studying containment control problem with switching communication graphs of continuous-time heterogeneous multiagent systems where the control inputs are constrained in a nonconvex set. A nonlinear projection algorithm is proposed to address the problem. We discuss the stability and containment control of the system with switching topologies and nonconvex control input constraints under three different conditions. It is shown that all agents converge to the convex hull of the given leaders ultimately while staying in the nonconvex (...)
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  31.  17
    Load Balancing Selection Method and Simulation in Network Communication Based on AHP-DS Heterogeneous Network Selection Algorithm.Weiwei Xiao - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-12.
    This article proposes an Analytic Hierarchy Process Dempster-Shafer and similarity-based network selection algorithm for the scenario of dynamic changes in user requirements and network environment; combines machine learning with network selection and proposes a decision tree-based network selection algorithm; combines multiattribute decision-making and genetic algorithm to propose a weighted Gray Relation Analysis and genetic algorithm-based network access decision algorithm. Firstly, the training data is obtained from the collaborative algorithm, and it is used as the training set, and the network attributes (...)
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  32.  22
    A Novel Emerging Topic Identification and Evolution Discovery Method on Time-Evolving and Heterogeneous Online Social Networks.Xiaoyan Xu, Wei Lv, Beibei Zhang, Shuaipeng Zhou, Wei Wei & Yusen Li - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-14.
    With the fast development of web 2.0, information generation and propagation among online users become deeply interweaved. How to effectively and immediately discover the new emerging topic and further how to uncover its evolution law are still wide open and urgently needed by both research and practical fields. This paper proposed a novel early emerging topic detection and its evolution law identification framework based on dynamic community detection method on time-evolving and scalable heterogeneous social networks. The framework is composed (...)
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  33.  39
    Classroom climate in regular primary school settings with children with special needs.Majda Schmidt & Branka Čagran - 2006 - Educational Studies 32 (4):361-372.
    This study investigates the classroom climate in two settings of the 6th?grade class (a setting of children with special needs and a setting without children with special needs), focusing on aspects of satisfaction and cohesiveness on one side and friction, competitiveness and difficulties on the other. The study results indicate the existence of both positive and negative consequences of the integration of hearing?impaired pupils. Heterogeneity achieved by the presence of children with special needs included positive benefits for all (...)
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  34.  45
    “Consent and consensus in policies related to food – five core values”.Helena Röcklinsberg - 2006 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 19 (3):285-299.
    When formulating a policy related to food in a heterogeneous context within a nation or between nations, oppositional positions are more or less explicit, but always have to be overcome. It is interesting to note, though, that such elements as culture and religion have seldom been the focus in discussions about methods of decision-making in food policy. To handle discrepancies between oppositional positions, one solution is to narrow differences between partners, another to accept one partner or position as dominant. (...)
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  35.  14
    Profiling nursing students’ dishonest behaviour: Classroom versus clinical settings.Robert Lovrić & Boštjan Žvanut - 2022 - Nursing Ethics 29 (6):1353-1371.
    Background While academic dishonesty among nursing students is becoming a global problem, the instruments used in studies on this topic are heterogeneous and, in many cases, not even validated. This makes it difficult or impossible to compare the findings on a global scale. Objectives To investigate the profile of Croatian nursing students’ dishonest behaviour in classroom and clinical settings and to examine the relationship between the incidence of dishonest behaviour in both settings. Research design A quantitative cross-sectional study using (...)
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  36.  10
    Generalized linear mixed-effects models for studies using different sets of stimuli across conditions.ShunCheng He & Wooyeol Lee - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    A non-repeated item design refers to an experimental design in which items used in one level of experimental conditions are not repeatedly used at other levels. Recent literature has suggested the use of generalized linear mixed-effects models for experimental data analysis, but the existing specification of GLMMs does not account for all possible dependencies among the outcomes in NRI designs. Therefore, the current study proposed a GLMM with a level-specific item random effect for NRI designs. The hypothesis testing performance of (...)
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  37.  18
    For a situational analytics: An interpretative methodology for the study of situations in computational settings.Noortje Marres - 2020 - Big Data and Society 7 (2).
    This article introduces an interpretative approach to the analysis of situations in computational settings called situational analytics. I outline the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of this approach, which is still under development, and show how it can be used to surface situations from large data sets derived from online platforms such as YouTube. Situational analytics extends to computationally-mediated settings a qualitative methodology developed by Adele Clarke, Situational Analysis, which uses data mapping to detect heterogeneous entities in fieldwork data to (...)
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  38.  32
    Effects of Stores’ Environmental Components on Chinese Consumers’ Emotions and Intentions to Purchase Luxury Brands: Integrating Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling and Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis Approaches.Shaohua Yang, Salmi Mohd Isa, Hongyan Wu, Ramayah Thurasamy, Xi Fang, Yedan Fan & Danping Liu - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    PurposeDrawing upon the stimulus-organism-response model, this paper aims to investigate the effects of stores’ environmental components on Chinese consumers’ emotions and intentions to purchase luxury brands.Design/Methodology/ApproachData were collected from Chinese consumers who have purchased luxury brands from retail stores. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis were employed for data analysis.FindingsThe results of PLS-SEM indicated that three dimensions of the store environment directly and significantly influenced Chinese consumers’ emotions. However, fsQCA revealed greater heterogeneity among respondents by highlighting (...)
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  39.  23
    Understanding the organization of sharing economy in agri-food systems: evidence from alternative food networks in Valencia.Stefano Pascucci, Domenico Dentoni & Isabel Miralles - 2017 - Agriculture and Human Values 34 (4):833-854.
    Despite the proliferation of sharing economy initiatives in agri-food systems, the recent literature has still not unravelled what sharing exactly entails from an organizational standpoint. In light of this knowledge gap, this study aims to understand which resources are shared, and how, in a heterogeneous set of sharing economy initiatives in the context of food and agriculture. Specifically, this study compares the organization of various forms of alternative food networks (AFNs), which are recognized to be frugal forms of sharing (...)
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  40.  75
    Where the Sidewalk Ends: The Limits of Social Constructionism.David Peterson - 2012 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 42 (4):465-484.
    The sociology of knowledge is a heterogeneous set of theories which generally focuses on the social origins of meaning. Strong arguments, epitomized by Durkheim's late work, have hypothesized that the very concepts our minds use to structure experience are constructed through social processes. This view has come under attack from theorists influenced by recent work in developmental psychology that has demonstrated some awareness of these categories in pre-socialized infants. However, further studies have shown that the innate abilities infants display (...)
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  41. Presupposition and Cooperation.Mandy Simons - unknown
    Since linguists began extensive work on presupposition in the 1970's, a long and heterogeneous list has been compiled of expressions, expression types and constructions that give rise to presuppositions. In the current literature, the principal (but by no means sole) diagnostic for presupposition typically appealed to is the tendency of the particular element of meaning to project, i.e. to escape the scope of operators such as negation, the question operator, or modals. An important intuition also routinely appealed to is (...)
     
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  42. Leibniz: How Does Sword Steel Get to be so Smart?Mark Wilson - unknown
    In substantial ways, the strangest aspects of Leibniz's wild metaphysical architecture (monads and all that) lie grounded in his efforts to understand the "unreasonable effectiveness" of the mathematics utilized in the classical modeling of ordinary materials (of which we will adopt sword steel as a chief paradigm, for reasons to be explained later). In doing so, Leibniz proceeds in a more acutely reasoned fashion than does Eugene Wigner in the famously fuzzy article from which the phrase "unreasonable effectiveness" descends. There (...)
     
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  43.  20
    Communication ou délibération : Les échanges dans la société civile : Paroles publiques: Communiquer dans la cité.Marie-Gabrielle Suraud - 2007 - Hermes 47:177.
    L'évolution récente des réflexions sur la portée démocratique des différents modes de participation à la vie politique est marquée par la diffusion d'un modèle de « démocratie délibérative », dérivé de la philosophie de J. Habermas. Nous souhaitons interroger la validité d'un tel modèle quand il sert de référence normative à l'évaluation d'un ensemble hétérogène de situations de débat. L'hypothèse formulée ici pose que les différentes situations de confrontation ne sont conceptuellement pas assimilables. Ainsi, le parti pris consistant à transposer (...)
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  44.  82
    Animal Killing and Postdomestic Meat Production.Istvan Praet & Frédéric Leroy - 2017 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 30 (1):67-86.
    The act of animal killing affects the human psyche in manners that are culturally contingent. Throughout history, societal attitudes towards the taking of animal lives have mostly been based on deference and/or dominion. Postdomestic societies have evolved in fundamentally different ways. Meat production is abundant yet concealed, animals are categorized and stereotyped, and slaughter has become a highly disquieting activity. Increased awareness of postdomestic meat production systems raises a moral polemic and provokes disgust in some consumer segments. Overall, a (...) set of solutions has emerged to deal with the societal upset and cognitive dissonance caused by animal slaughter. This includes the so-called carnism approach, a rise in animal welfare programs, a market demand for reassuring narratives, a rehabilitation of the metier of farmers and butchers, crowd butchering, neo-ritualism and home slaughter, the biotechnological exploration of “cultured meat” and “pain-free meat”, entomophagy, “meatless meat”, and the increasing proliferation of vegan and vegetarian lifestyles. (shrink)
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  45. August 2007.Mandy Simons - manuscript
    There seems little doubt that there are interesting and theoretically relevant distinctions to be made between different types of presuppositions within this heterogeneous set. But the study of these distinctions is of interest primarily in light of the intuition that the members of this set share some common feature: that there is some singular phenomenon of presupposition to be described and explained. This paper is concerned with what presuppositions have in common, and offers an alternative to the current standard (...)
     
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  46. Questioning moral theories.Amelie Rorty - 2010 - Philosophy 85 (1):29-46.
    Not a day passes but we find ourselves indignant about something or other. When is our indignation justified, and when does it count as moral indignation rather than a legitimate but non-moral gripe? You might think that we should turn to moral theories – to the varieties of utilitarian, Kantian, virtue theories, etc – to answer this question. I shall try to convince you that this is a mistake, that moral theory – as it is ordinarily presently conceived and studied (...)
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  47. A pluralistic framework for the psychology of norms.Evan Westra & Kristin Andrews - 2022 - Biology and Philosophy 37 (5):1-30.
    Social norms are commonly understood as rules that dictate which behaviors are appropriate, permissible, or obligatory in different situations for members of a given community. Many researchers have sought to explain the ubiquity of social norms in human life in terms of the psychological mechanisms underlying their acquisition, conformity, and enforcement. Existing theories of the psychology of social norms appeal to a variety of constructs, from prediction-error minimization, to reinforcement learning, to shared intentionality, to domain-specific adaptations for norm acquisition. In (...)
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  48.  36
    Exposing and overcoming the fixed-effect fallacy through crowd science.Wilson Cyrus-Lai, Warren Tierney, Martin Schweinsberg & Eric Luis Uhlmann - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45.
    By organizing crowds of scientists to independently tackle the same research questions, we can collectively overcome the generalizability crisis. Strategies to draw inferences from a heterogeneous set of research approaches include aggregation, for instance, meta-analyzing the effect sizes obtained by different investigators, and parsing, attempting to identify theoretically meaningful moderators that explain the variability in results.
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  49. Ugliness Is in the Gut of the Beholder.Ryan P. Doran - 2022 - Ergo: An Open Access Journal of Philosophy 9 (5):88-146.
    I offer the first sustained defence of the claim that ugliness is constituted by the disposition to disgust. I advance three main lines of argument in support of this thesis. First, ugliness and disgustingness tend to lie in the same kinds of things and properties (the argument from ostensions). Second, the thesis is better placed than all existing accounts to accommodate the following facts: ugliness is narrowly and systematically distributed in a heterogenous set of things, ugliness is sometimes enjoyed, and (...)
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  50. Convergent evolution as natural experiment: the tape of life reconsidered.Russell Powell & Carlos Mariscal - 2015 - Interface Focus 5 (6):1-13.
    Stephen Jay Gould argued that replaying the ‘tape of life’ would result in radically different evolutionary outcomes. Recently, biologists and philosophers of science have paid increasing attention to the theoretical importance of convergent evolution—the independent origination of similar biological forms and functions—which many interpret as evidence against Gould’s thesis. In this paper, we examine the evidentiary relevance of convergent evolution for the radical contingency debate. We show that under the right conditions, episodes of convergent evolution can constitute valid natural experiments (...)
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