Results for 'budget constraint'

982 found
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  1.  18
    Economic Normativity: The Case of the Budget Constraint.Roel Jongeneel - 2019 - Philosophia Reformata 84 (2):220-244.
    In contrast to the dominant way of thinking in economics, in which economics is seen as a positive or neutral science, this paper argues that economics is a discipline that has its own normativity. This economic normativity should be distinguished from what is usually considered as ethics, which normally has a broader scope. This paper further argues that the budget constraint is a key source of economic normativity, although it is not the only source. Economic-theoretical and philosophical aspects (...)
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  2.  38
    Determinants of insensitivity to quantity in valuation of public goods: Contribution, warm glow, budget constraints, availability, and prominence.Jonathan Baron & Joshua Greene - 1996 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 2 (2):107.
  3.  18
    Flexible Flow Shop Scheduling Problem with Reliable Transporters and Intermediate Limited Buffers via considering Learning Effects and Budget Constraint.Meysam Kazemi Esfeh, Amir Abbas Shojaie, Hasan Javanshir & Kaveh Khalili-Damghani - 2022 - Complexity 2022:1-19.
    In this study, a new mathematical model is presented to solve the flexible flow shop problem where transportation is reliable and there are constraints on intermediate buffers, budgets, and human resource learning effects. Firstly, the model is validated to confirm the accuracy of its performance. Then, since it is an NP-hard one, two metaheuristic algorithms, namely, MOSA and MOEA/D, are rendered to solve mid- and large-scale problems. To confirm their accuracy of performance, two small-scale problems are solved using GAMS exact (...)
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  4.  39
    Choice and constraint in budget-making.Jan-Erik Lane & Anders Westlund - 1987 - Theory and Decision 23 (3):217-230.
  5.  46
    Inadequate Treatment for Elderly Patients: Professional Norms and Tight Budgets Could Cause “Ageism” in Hospitals.Helge Skirbekk & Per Nortvedt - 2012 - Health Care Analysis 22 (2):192-201.
    We have studied ethical considerations of care among health professionals when treating and setting priorities for elderly patients in Norway. The views of medical doctors and nurses were analysed using qualitative methods. We conducted 21 in depth interviews and 3 focus group interviews in hospitals and general practices. Both doctors and nurses said they treated elderly patients different from younger patients, and often they were given lower priorities. Too little or too much treatment, in the sense of too many interventions (...)
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  6. Judgement aggregation under constraints.Franz Dietrich & Christian List - 2008 - In Thomas Boylan & Ruvin Gekker (eds.), Economics, Rational Choice and Normative Philosophy. New York: Routledge. pp. 111-123.
    In solving judgment aggregation problems, groups often face constraints. Many decision problems can be modelled in terms the acceptance or rejection of certain propositions in a language, and constraints as propositions that the decisions should be consistent with. For example, court judgments in breach-of-contract cases should be consistent with the constraint that action and obligation are necessary and sufficient for liability; judgments on how to rank several options in an order of preference with the constraint of transitivity; and (...)
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  7.  54
    Judgement aggregation under constraints.Franz Dietrich & Christian List - 2008 - In Thomas Boylan & Ruvin Gekker (eds.), Economics, Rational Choice and Normative Philosophy. New York: Routledge. pp. 111-123.
    In solving judgment aggregation problems, groups often face constraints. Many decision problems can be modelled in terms the acceptance or rejection of certain propositions in a language, and constraints as propositions that the decisions should be consistent with. For example, court judgments in breach-of-contract cases should be consistent with the constraint that action and obligation are necessary and sufficient for liability; judgments on how to rank several options in an order of preference with the constraint of transitivity; and (...)
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  8.  53
    The Capabilities Approach and Environmental Sustainability: The Case for Functioning Constraints.Wouter Peeters, Jo Dirix & Sigrid Sterckx - 2015 - Environmental Values 24 (3):367-389.
    The capabilities approach of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum has become an influential viewpoint for addressing issues of social justice and human de- velopment. It has not yet, however, given adequate theoretical consideration to the requirements of environmental sustainability. Sen has focussed on the instrumental importance of human development for achieving sustainability, but has failed to consider the limits of this account, especially with respect to consumption-reduction. Nussbaum has criticised constraining material consumption for its paternalistic prescription of one particular conception (...)
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  9.  29
    Double auctions with no-loss constrained traders.Nejat Anbarci & Jaideep Roy - 2018 - Theory and Decision 84 (1):1-9.
    Do hard budget constraints work in favour or against truth telling in double auctions? McAfee constructed a simple double auction mechanism, which is strategyproof and minimally inefficient, but may resort to dual prices, where the difference between prices is channelled as a surplus to the market maker, preventing MDA from achieving a balanced budget. We construct a variant of MDA in which no-loss constraints play a major positive role. Our variant of MDA is also strategyproof, as efficient as (...)
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  10.  5
    The Dilemmas of Reform in Weak States: the Case of Post-soviet Fiscal Decentralization.W. A. Y. Lucan A. - 2002 - Political Theory 30 (4):579-598.
    This article explores the dilemmas of reform in weak states through an examination of efforts to decentralize the fiscal system in post-Soviet Ukraine in the 1990s. Despite increased attention to the state, many reform efforts still ignore the full implications that state weakness has for institutional transformation. Inattention to the problems of institutional capacity has led to a misdiagnosis of the problems facing intergovernmental institutions in post-Soviet Ukraine. Overcentralization and soft budget constraints built into formal institutional design demand an (...)
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  11.  37
    (1 other version)The Dilemmas of Reform in Weak States: the Case of Post-soviet Fiscal Decentralization.Lucan A. Way - 2002 - Political Theory 30 (4):579-598.
    This article explores the dilemmas of reform in weak states through an examination of efforts to decentralize the fiscal system in post-Soviet Ukraine in the 1990s. Despite increased attention to the state, many reform efforts still ignore the full implications that state weakness has for institutional transformation. Inattention to the problems of institutional capacity has led to a misdiagnosis of the problems facing intergovernmental institutions in post-Soviet Ukraine. Overcentralization and soft budget constraints built into formal institutional design demand an (...)
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  12. How do we define the feasible set?Tyler Cowen - unknown
    How should we define the “feasible set”? What does it mean to assert that a policy is the “best feasible option”? Feasibility is most plausibly a matter of degree rather than of kind. We therefore must think about how to do normative economics with a fuzzy social budget constraint. I consider a number of ways of proceeding, including a twodimensional social welfare function, weighting both desirability and feasibility. Focusing on the difficulties in the feasibility concept may help us (...)
     
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  13.  96
    The importance of defining the feasible set.Tyler Cowen - 2007 - Economics and Philosophy 23 (1):1-14.
    How should we define the feasible set? Even when individuals agree on facts and values, as traditionally construed, different views on feasibility may suffice to produce very different policy conclusions. Focusing on the difficulties in the feasibility concept may help us resolve some policy disagreements, or at least identify the sources of those disagreements. Feasibility is most plausibly a matter of degree rather than of kind. Normative economic reasoning therefore faces a fuzzy social budget constraint. Iterative reasoning about (...)
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  14. Calibrating QALYs to Respect Equality of Persons.Donald Franklin - 2016 - Utilitas 29 (1):1-23.
    Comparative valuation of different policy interventions often requires interpersonal comparability of benefit. In the field of health economics, the metric commonly used for such comparison, quality adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, has been criticized for failing to respect the equality of all persons’ intrinsic worth, including particularly those with disabilities. A methodology is proposed that interprets ‘full quality of life’ as the best health prospect that is achievable for the particular individual within the relevant budget constraint. This calibration (...)
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  15.  27
    The Costs and Benefits of Adjunct Justice: A Critique of Brennan and Magness.Steven Shulman - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 155 (1):163-171.
    In their controversial 2016 paper in this journal, Brennan and Magness argue that fair pay for part-time, adjunct faculty would be unaffordable for most colleges and universities and would harm students as well as many adjunct faculty members. In this critique, I show that their cost estimates fail to take account of the potential benefits of fair pay for adjunct faculty and are based on implausible assumptions. I propose that pay per course for new adjunct faculty members should be tied (...)
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  16.  88
    Utilitarianism and the ethical foundations of cost-effectiveness analysis in resource allocation for global health.Elliot Marseille & James G. Kahn - 2019 - Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 14 (1):1-7.
    Efficiency as quantified and promoted by cost-effectiveness analysis sometimes conflicts with equity and other ethical values, such as the “rule of rescue” or rights-based ethical values. We describe the utilitarian foundations of cost-effectiveness analysis and compare it with alternative ethical principles. We find that while fallible, utilitarianism is usually superior to the alternatives. This is primarily because efficiency – the maximization of health benefits under a budget constraint – is itself an important ethical value. Other ethical frames may (...)
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  17. Reasons for Altruism.David Schmidtz - 1993 - Social Philosophy and Policy 10 (1):52-68.
    This essay considers whether acts of altruism can be rational. Rational choice, according to the standard instrumentalist model, consists of maximizing one's utility, or more precisely, maximizing one's utility subject to a budget constraint. We seek the point of highest utility lying within our limited means. The term ‘utility’ could mean a number of different things, but in recent times utility has usually been interpreted as preference satisfaction . To have a preference is to care , to want (...)
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  18.  70
    Genes and equality.Colin Farrelly - 2004 - Journal of Medical Ethics 30 (6):587-592.
    What we think about equality as a value will influence how we think genetic interventions should be regulated. In this paper I utilise the taxonomy of equality put forth by Derek Parfit and apply this to the issue of genetic interventions. I argue that Telic Egalitarianism is untenable and that Deontic Egalitarianism collapses into the Priority View. The Priority View maintains that it is morally more important to benefit those who are worse off. Once this precision has been given to (...)
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  19.  19
    Scarcity and consumers’ credit choices.Marieke Bos, Chloé Le Coq & Peter van Santen - 2021 - Theory and Decision 92 (1):105-139.
    We study the effect of scarcity on decision making by low income Swedes. We exploit the random assignment of welfare payments to study their borrowing decisions within the pawn and mainstream credit market. We document that higher educated borrowers borrow less frequently and choose lower loan to value ratios when their budget constraints are exogenously tighter. In contrast, low-educated borrowers do not respond to temporary elevated levels of scarcity. This lack of response translates into a significantly higher probability to (...)
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  20.  20
    Taking Internal Advantage of External Events - Two Astronomical Examples From Nineteenth Century Portugal.Vitor Bonifácio, Isabel Malaquias & João Fernandes - 2009 - Centaurus 51 (3):213-234.
    A country‘s development is bound to be influenced by external occurrences. This article analyses two astronomical examples in which Portuguese nationals used high visibility events in the international scientific community to press their own scientific interests upon the government, whether these interests were, or were not, directly linked to the events themselves.During the 1840s and 1850s the parallax, i.e. the distance, of Groombridge’s star 1830 was hotly debated. The astronomer Hervé Faye‘s suggestion at the Académie des Sciences de Paris that (...)
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  21.  55
    Farm to school programs: exploring the role of regionally-based food distributors in alternative agrifood networks. [REVIEW]Betty T. Izumi, D. Wynne Wright & Michael W. Hamm - 2010 - Agriculture and Human Values 27 (3):335-350.
    Farm to school programs are at the vanguard of efforts to create an alternative agrifood system in the United States. Regionally-based, mid-tier food distributors may play an important role in harnessing the potential of farm to school programs to create viable market opportunities for small- and mid-size family farmers, while bringing more locally grown fresh food to school cafeterias. This paper focuses on the perspectives of food distributors. Our findings suggest that the food distributors profiled have the potential to help (...)
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  22.  12
    Consumer Expectations Regarding Emerging Technologies.James T. Ault & John M. Gleason - 2001 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 21 (2):99-107.
    This article reports the results of marketing research that was undertaken as part of an information technology prototype development project. The project was devoted to the creation of a multimedia-based prototype system to provide timely and accurate information from government geographic information databases to government decision makers and the general public in an easy-to-use interactive visual format. The general public (i.e., private citizens, schools, and businesses—society in general) had to be able to access the product via broadband-to-the-home (-business/-school) technology. Because (...)
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  23. Egészségpolitika és etika (Health Policy and Ethics).Attila Tanyi & Zsofia Kollanyi - 2008 - DEMOS Studies, DEMOS Hungary.
    This book provides a survey of the ethical aspects of health care resources distribution. It first distinguishes health from health care in an effort to clear up the ethical landscape. After this, still with the same purpose, it makes a distinction between problems of macro-allocation and micro-allocation. In the rest of the book two questions of macro-allocation are treated in some detail. First, several approaches – in particular: utilitarian, egalitarian, communitarian, and libertarian – to the question whether we have a (...)
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  24.  38
    The role of technology in enhancing low resource agriculture in Africa.Bruce J. Horwith, Phyllis N. Windle, Edward F. MacDonald, J. Kathy Parker, Allen M. Ruby & Chris Elfring - 1989 - Agriculture and Human Values 6 (3):68-84.
    Traditional forms of farming, herding, and fishing are remarkably adapted to African conditions but these traditional approaches are being overtaken by modern pressures, particularly population growth. According to a report published by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), a nonpartisan analytical support agency of the U. S. Congress, one promising way to help African farmers and herders would be for development assistance organizations to focus more attention on the various forms of low-resource agriculture that predominate in Africa.In keeping with OTA's (...)
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  25. Intentional Sampling by Goal Optimization with Decoupling by Stochastic Perturbation.Julio Michael Stern, Marcelo de Souza Lauretto, Fabio Nakano & Carlos Alberto de Braganca Pereira - 2012 - AIP Conference Proceedings 1490:189-201.
    Intentional sampling methods are non-probabilistic procedures that select a group of individuals for a sample with the purpose of meeting specific prescribed criteria. Intentional sampling methods are intended for exploratory research or pilot studies where tight budget constraints preclude the use of traditional randomized representative sampling. The possibility of subsequently generalize statistically from such deterministic samples to the general population has been the issue of long standing arguments and debates. Nevertheless, the intentional sampling techniques developed in this paper explore (...)
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  26.  4
    Exploring the open-source impact on Bangladesh academic library service sustainability.Nur Ahammad, Farrah Diana Saiful Bahri & Haslinda Husaini - 2024 - Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 22 (4):478-493.
    Purpose This study investigates the impact of open-source software (OSS) on the sustainability of academic library services in Bangladesh. It aims to understand how OSS can address budget constraints, technological demands and the need for enhanced service delivery in these libraries. Design/methodology/approach An in-depth qualitative research approach was used, involving semi-structured interviews with library administrators, IT staff and librarians from various academic institutions across Bangladesh. Findings The study reveals that OSS adoption is primarily driven by financial imperatives and the (...)
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  27. Legal Review of Urban River Conservation Policies from the Perspective of Ecological Balance.Ferdy Herdiawan, Andy Rachman, Azmi Faizah Nahri, Rio Ismail, Endang Sutrisno & Harmono Harmono - forthcoming - Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture:1506-1517.
    River conservation is rooted in the importance of managing watersheds (D.A.S.) in Indonesia, with 42,210 watersheds forming the basis for management policies. To ensure ecosystem sustainability, these policies consider various aspects such as land conditions, water quality, and regional land use. However, the reality on the ground shows that rapid urbanization and a lack of public awareness have led to river pollution and damage to riverbanks. Therefore, more robust conservation efforts are required to achieve environmental justice. This research employs a (...)
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  28.  18
    Nonlinear risks: a unified framework.Pablo Gutiérrez Cubillos & Roberto Pastén - 2022 - Theory and Decision 95 (1):11-32.
    We study the conditions under which increasing risk raises the optimal control variable when the budget constraint is nonlinear. In contrast to the case when the budget constraint is linear, nonlinearities alter the risk attitudes of the economic agent; that is, the agent’s risk behavior is driven by the interaction between the shape of the utility function and the shape of the budget constraint. This paper complements the classical literature with linear payoff functions in (...)
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  29. QALYfying the value of life.J. Harris - 1987 - Journal of Medical Ethics 13 (3):117-123.
    This paper argues that the Quality Adjusted Life Year or QALY is fatally flawed as a way of priority setting in health care and of dealing with the problem of scarce resources. In addition to showing why this is so the paper sets out a view of the moral constraints that govern the allocation of health resources and suggests reasons for a new attitude to the health budget.
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  30. The frame problem, the relevance problem, and a package solution to both.Yingjin Xu & Pei Wang - 2012 - Synthese 187 (S1):43-72.
    As many philosophers agree, the frame problem is concerned with how an agent may efficiently filter out irrelevant information in the process of problem-solving. Hence, how to solve this problem hinges on how to properly handle semantic relevance in cognitive modeling, which is an area of cognitive science that deals with simulating human's cognitive processes in a computerized model. By "semantic relevance", we mean certain inferential relations among acquired beliefs which may facilitate information retrieval and practical reasoning under certain epistemic (...)
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  31. RL+ Cosmological Model.Paul Studtmann - manuscript
    We present a cosmological model (RL+) that offers exact predictions for the Hubble constant, the cosmological constant, the total energy density of the universe, and a curvature that matches current observational constraints. The model predicts a cosmological constant energy density that constitutes approximately 64% of the total energy budget, in agreement with current estimates from the standard LCDM model. Furthermore, the model addresses several longstanding cosmological problems—namely, the problem of infinite initial density, the coincidence problem, and the flatness problem—all (...)
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  32.  57
    Understanding and Coping with Diversity in Healthcare.J. Jhutti-Johal - 2013 - Health Care Analysis 21 (3):259-270.
    In the healthcare sector, race, ethnicity and religion have become an increasingly important factor in terms of patient care due to an increasingly diverse population. Health agencies at a national and local level produce a number of guides to raise awareness of cultural issues among healthcare professionals and hospitals may implement additional non-medical services, such as the provision of specific types of food and dress to patients or the hiring of chaplains, to accommodate the needs of patients with religious requirements. (...)
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  33.  32
    Medical ethics: an excuse for inefficiency?G. Mooney - 1984 - Journal of Medical Ethics 10 (4):183-185.
    There is frequently an appearance of conflict between medicine and economics. This arises first because the nature of health and health care requires the doctor to make decisions on behalf of the patient and thus serves to explain why medical ethics exist. But secondly it is due to the relative lack of acceptance of the ethics of the common good within medical ethics. As a result while economics in the field of health has as an objective the maximisation of the (...)
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  34.  80
    Nudging, intervening or rewarding.Christine Le Clainche & Sandy Tubeuf - 2016 - Politics, Philosophy and Economics 15 (2):170-189.
    Public health policies typically assume that there are characteristics and constraints over health that an individual cannot control and that there are choices that an individual could change if he is nudged or provided with incentives. We consider that health is determined by a range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors and we discuss to what extent an individual can control these factors. In particular, we assume that the observed health status of an individual is a result of factors (...)
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  35.  54
    Creating the film music in The Rapture of Fe: The poetics of the tambuleleng’s resonances.Jema M. Pamintuan - 2012 - Thesis Eleven 112 (1):156-162.
    The process of conceptualization and creation of a film score heavily depends on the collaboration between the film director and composer. The harmony of the director’s and film composer’s ideas should provide an impetus for the synchronization of literature (the script and film narrative) and music (film score). This was mainly used as a guide in crafting the film score for the independent film Ang Panggagahasa kay Fe (The Rapture of Fe, 2009) directed by Alvin Yapan. This article explores how (...)
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  36.  18
    Politieke aliënatie en parlementaire hervormingen.Guido Dierickx - 1989 - Res Publica 31 (2):141-155.
    Most attempts at parliamentary reform in Belgium are prompted by the desire to support a Parliament which is being marginalized by political actors such as the government and the parties. These efforts are inspired by traditional constitutional thinking. Initially parliaments were designed as democratie bodies which should challenge the aristocratie government. Nowadays, parliament has quite another function. It has to facilitate the political information and to counteract the incompetence of citizens who are willing but unable to participate in an increasingly (...)
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  37.  36
    Dark Matter Realism.Niels C. M. Martens - 2021 - Foundations of Physics 52 (1):1-19.
    According to the standard model of cosmology, Λ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}Λ\Lambda \end{document}CDM, the mass-energy budget of the current stage of the universe is not dominated by the luminous matter that we are familiar with, but instead by some form of dark matter (and dark energy). It is thus tempting to adopt scientific realism about dark matter. However, there are barely any constraints on the myriad of possible properties of this entity—it is not even (...)
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  38.  61
    Visibility and the just allocation of health care: A study of Age-Rationing in the British national Health Service.Robert Baker - 1993 - Health Care Analysis 1 (2):139-150.
    The British National Health Service (BNHS) was founded, to quote Minister of Health Aneurin Bevan, to ‘universalise the best’. Over time, however, financial constraints forced the BNHS to turn to incrementalist budgeting, to rationalise care and to ask its practitioners to act as gatekeepers. Seeking a way to ration scarce tertiary care resources, BNHS gatekeepers began to use chronological age as a rationing criterion. Age-rationing became the ‘done thing’ without explicit policy directives and in a manner largely invisible to patients, (...)
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  39. The making of memory: the politics of archives, libraries and museums in the construction of national consciousness.Richard Harvey Brown & Beth Davis-Brown - 1998 - History of the Human Sciences 11 (4):17-32.
    An archive is a repository - that is, a place or space in which materials of historic interest or social significance are stored and ordered. A national archive is the storing and ordering place of the collective memory of that nation or people(s). This article provides a brief his torical/theoretical introduction to the politics of the archive in late capi talist societies and discusses this politics of memory via the performance of ordinary daily activities of librarians and archivists. Some relevant (...)
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  40.  25
    The problem of constrained judgment aggregation.Franz Dietrich & Christian List - 2010 - In Thomas Uebel, Stephan Hartmann, Wenceslao Gonzalez, Marcel Weber, Dennis Dieks & Friedrich Stadler (eds.), The Present Situation in the Philosophy of Science. Springer. pp. 125-139.
    Group decisions must often obey exogenous constraints. While in a preference aggregation problem constraints are modelled by restricting the set of feasible alternatives, this paper discusses the modelling of constraints when aggregating individual yes/no judgments on interconnected propositions. For example, court judgments in breach-of-contract cases should respect the constraint that action and obligation are necessary and sufficient for liability, and judgments on budget items should respect budgetary constraints. In this paper, we make constraints in judgment aggregation explicit by (...)
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  41.  51
    From outer space to Earth—The social significance of isolated and confined environment research in human space exploration.Koji Tachibana, Shoichi Tachibana & Natsuhiko Inoue - 2017 - Acta Astronautica 140:273-283.
    Human space exploration requires massive budgets every fiscal year. Especially under severe financial constraint conditions, governments are forced to justify to society why spending so much tax revenue for human space exploration is worth the cost. The value of human space exploration might be estimated in many ways, but its social significance and cost-effectiveness are two key ways to gauge that worth. Since these measures should be applied country by country because sociopolitical conditions differ in each country and must (...)
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  42.  18
    Les politiques budgétaires de la Région wallonne et de la Communauté française.Jean-Pierre Dawance - 1990 - Res Publica 32 (2-3):279-298.
    This paper aims to determine the major axes of the economic policy implemented by the Walloon Region since it acquired significant powers in january 1989. A brief summary of the mechanisms introduced by the Special Financing Law demonstrates how much federal entities suffer from financial constraints imposed by the budgetary sourcing from the National Government. As a result the resources made available are lower than 1988 expenditure on items which have since been 'federalized". The balance will have to be financed (...)
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  43.  48
    (2 other versions)The problem of constrained judgment aggregation.Christian List & Franz Dietrich - 2010 - In Thomas Uebel, Stephan Hartmann, Wenceslao Gonzalez, Marcel Weber, Dennis Dieks & Friedrich Stadler (eds.), The Present Situation in the Philosophy of Science. Springer. pp. 125-139.
    Group decisions must often obey exogenous constraints. While in a preference aggregation problem constraints are modelled by restricting the set of feasible alternatives, this paper discusses the modelling of constraints when aggregating individual yes/no judgments on interconnected propositions. For example, court judgments in breach-of-contract cases should respect the constraint that action and obligation are necessary and sufficient for liability, and judgments on budget items should respect budgetary constraints. In this paper, we make constraints in judgment aggregation explicit by (...)
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  44.  31
    Between kudzu and killer apps: Finding human ground between the monoculture of MOOCs and online mechanisms for learning.Ralph Lamar Turner & Carol Gassaway - 2018 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 51 (4):380-390.
    Although MOOCs have not lived up to previously breathless predictions of disruption, they have had an outsized influence on university administrators who see online learning as a “savior solution” for ever-shrinking budgets. Despite lower student persistent rates, faculty skepticism, and burdensome faculty workloads, the general public and administrative embrace of online learning has been enthusiastic, which may be explained in part using Foucault’s concept of the episteme to view the convergence of the parallel tracks of educational and technological development--the idea (...)
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  45.  9
    Openbare financiën en politiek in 1986.Vic Van Rompuy - 1987 - Res Publica 29 (3):403-418.
    A drastic change in economie and monetary policy, which started in 1982, has up to now resulted in a normalisation of the rate of inflation and the balance of payments. However, the growth rate of GNP is still low and unemployment high. Budget deficits, public debt and related interest payments are in proportion to GNP between the highest in the industrialised world. Economic events and political constraints hampered the efforts of the government to restore the situation. In 1986 a (...)
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  46.  73
    Ethics of resource allocation: instruments for rational decision making in support of a sustainable health care.Claudia Wild - 2005 - Poiesis and Praxis 3 (4):296-309.
    In all western countries health care budgets are under considerable constraint and therefore a reflection process has started on how to gain the most health benefit for the population within limited resource boundaries. The field of ethics of resource allocation has evolved only recently in order to bring some objectivity and rationality in the discussion. In this article it is argued that priority setting is the prerequisite of ethical resource allocation and that for purposes of operationalization, instruments such as (...)
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  47.  15
    Promising practices and constraining factors in mobilizing community-engaged research.Michelle Lam & Akech Mayuom - 2023 - Research Ethics 19 (2):199-219.
    This article describes a project involving 13 community focus groups on the topic of anti-racism and belonging where the researchers concluded each group with a robust discussion about how the group would prefer to receive the findings from the project. Analysis of this data, existing literature, and the practical experiences of the researchers revealed that while there are multiple “bridges” researchers can take to connect their research with community-level users, and although it is desirable to offer tailored approaches for specific (...)
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    No need to compromise: Evidence of public accounting's changing culture regarding budgetary performance. [REVIEW]Steve Buchheit, William R. Pasewark & Jerry R. Strawser - 2003 - Journal of Business Ethics 42 (2):151 - 163.
    McNair (1991) discusses the "proper compromises" made by junior auditors in large public accounting firms by arguing that the conflict between high-quality and low-cost auditing leads to "ethically ambivalent" behavior. Specifically, McNair provides evidence that success during the early stages of a public accounting career requires auditors to complete quality audits in an unreasonably short period of time. Completing quality audits within insufficient time constraints puts junior auditors in the following dilemma: report time truthfully and fail versus underreport time and (...)
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  49. Edward R. hope.Non-Syntactic Constraints On Lisu & Noun Phrase Order - 1973 - Foundations of Language 10:79.
     
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  50.  11
    Over-Constrained Systems.Michael Jampel, Eugene C. Freuder, Michael Maher & International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming - 1996 - Springer Verlag.
    This volume presents a collection of refereed papers reflecting the state of the art in the area of over-constrained systems. Besides 11 revised full papers, selected from the 24 submissions to the OCS workshop held in conjunction with the First International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, CP '95, held in Marseilles in September 1995, the book includes three comprehensive background papers of central importance for the workshop papers and the whole field. Also included is an introduction (...)
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