Después de transcurridos los años de violencia política en los años 80’s e inicios de los 90’s, Perú se vio envuelto en cambios estructurales que permitieran una reconstrucción nacional de la sociedad peruana. Durante este periodo, los diferentes procesos migratorios, los cambios en la política económica interna, las reformas políticas y educativas condicionaron a los peruanos y a las futuras generaciones bajo un modelo urbano de desarrollo basado en el consumo, la individualidad y modernidad. Un modelo de desarrollo político, educativo (...) y cultural que no incluya la violencia y la memoria como parte de la identidad y quehacer nacional. El presente texto propone una mirada crítica a los orígenes y consecuencias de la violencia política en nuestro país, analizando la relación entre los actores implicados, los proyectos ideológicos y la lucha por los derechos humanos. (shrink)

ABSTRACT:Neuroethics, the study of the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying ethical decision-making, is a growing field of study. In this review, we identify and discuss four themes emerging from neuroethics research. First, ethical decision-making appears to be distinct from other types of decision-making processes. Second, ethical decision-making entails more than just conscious reasoning. Third, emotion plays a critical role in ethical decision-making, at least under certain circumstances. Lastly, normative approaches to morality have distinct, underlying neural mechanisms. On the basis of (...) these themes, we draw implications for research in business ethics and the practice of ethics training. (shrink)

The geometric system of deduction called N-Graphs was introduced by de Oliveira in 2001. The proofs in this system are represented by means of digraphs and, while its derivations are mostly based on Gentzen's sequent calculus, the system gets its inspiration from geometrically based systems, such as the Kneales' tables of development, Statman's proofs-as-graphs, Buss' logical flow graphs, and Girard's proof-nets. Given that all these geometric systems appeal to the classical symmetry between premises and conclusions, providing an intuitionistic version of (...) any of these is an interesting exercise in extending the range of applicability of the geometric system in question. In this article we produce an intuitionistic version of N-Graphs, based on Maehara's LJ' system, as described by Takeuti. Recall that LJ' has multiple conclusions in all but the essential intuitionistic rules, e.g., implication right and negation right. We show soundness and completeness of our intuitionistic N-Graphs with respect to LJ'. We also discuss how we expect to extend this work to a version of N-Graphs corresponding to the intuitionistic logic system FIL (Full Intuitionistic Logic) of de Paiva and Pereira and sketch future developments. (shrink)

Salvador Piá Tarazona’s book, El hombre como ser dual is an important methodical-thematic advance in the research of transcendental anthropology as much as it does not detain its focus on human nature nor its development , but rather on th readicality of personal intimacy and its openness to transcendence.

The origin of the isocortex may be seen as a series of gradual changes (each one with an adaptive value) from a reptilian-like cerebral cortex, as proposed by Aboitiz et al., or as a new dorsal pallium derivative in mammals which undergoes a surface expansion concomitant with the expansion of the dorsal tier of the dorsal thalamus.

Stress is a health problem that affects today's society, it is reflected in the degree of reaction to events or academic situations faced by the university student. The level of academic stress was analyzed according to sociodemographic factors in university students in a period of confinement due to COVID-19. 525 randomly chosen students from private and licensed universities in the city of Arequipa participated, an instrument was used to assess academic stress consisting of 21 items that measure stressors, symptoms, and (...) coping strategies. The results show that students have a moderate academic stress level with a tendency to be severe, it´s caused by the overload of academic work, the form of evaluation, and the type of work that teachers ask for, thus affecting their health due to the presence of somatic symptoms that affect students at the biopsychosocial level. Keywords: Academic stress, university students, sociodemographic factors. (shrink)

In their attention to patients of different specialties, health personnel are the most vulnerable to contagion, which has been evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The working conditions or factors for biosafety practices in health personnel worldwide will make it possible to detect the necessary and less treated lines of investigation, deficiencies and to draw up lines of work for their solution. It should be noted that it is estimated that 2.78 million workers die because of occupational accidents and 374 million (...) injuries caused by work are reported, thus increasing absenteeism, the risk of contracting a disease in the workplace has become more latent and 4% of the world's GDP is occupied by diseases. The objective of this study was to analyze the evidence that exists regarding the conditioning factors for the practice of biosafety in health personnel. The methodology: where a descriptive systematic review was performed with the search of databases in Scopus selected articles from 2019 - 2023 in English and Spanish languages. The results indicate that with regard to the conditioning factors of Biosafety practice, it is evident that of the 400 articles 50 mention that it is important to know how to do, 45 mention that it is important not only the training but also the equipment for these practices to be favorable, also 31 of the articles refer to that in COVID-19 period the infections among health personnel were due to the reuse of personal protective equipment. (shrink)

1. Una historia de la filosofía en Roma -- 2. Once estudios sobre teoría de la historia, política y estética.

En el marco de estas conferencias conmemorativas del cuatricentenario del nacimiento de René Descartes, quisiera aproximarme al pensamiento de este gran filósofo francés, preguntando qué relación guarda con el escepticismo.No se trata de una pregunta del todo novedosa, pero su significación es indiscutible tanto para comprender el sentido como para discutir el alcance y las limitaciones del proyecto cartesiano de fundamentación del conocimiento.

The progress the Internet has experienced in recent years has brought about huge changes and social transformation in all aspects of our lives. One such aspect greatly impacted has been our health, where we can talk about the existence of an ‘Internet of Medical Things’. Amid this digital drift, we have seen the development of pharmaceutical drugs that provide information to patients and their attending healthcare teams concerning medication, doses ingested, and time of ingestion. These are digital pills or digital (...) medication. In this context, the purpose of my paper is to analyze the ethical and legal impact of digital medication, further analyzing the implications concerning the right of service users to make decisions over their own health in Spain. (shrink)

Amid the growth of scholarly research on environmental workplace behaviors, two limitations stand out. First, there has been scant research on the cross‐level effects of organizational‐level determinants on individual employee environmental behaviors using a methodologically appropriate multilevel analytic approach. Second, there has been an overwhelming focus on voluntary, as opposed to task‐related, employee environmentally friendly behaviors. In addressing these limitations, this field study (N = 615 U.S.‐based employees nested in 51 organizations) makes a theoretical and empirical contribution to the literature, (...) specifically by linking the dimensions of organizational‐level environmental orientation with individual‐level employee environmental in‐role (i.e., task‐related) behaviors using multilevel analysis. The results indicate that organizational internal environmental orientation is positively related to employee recycling behavior. Managerial status exerts a moderating effect, such that the positive relationship between internal environmental orientation and energy‐saving behavior is stronger among managers than among non‐managers. Furthermore, an organization's external environmental orientation has an unequivocal positive relationship only with employee energy‐saving behavior. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. (shrink)

The psychological study of reasoning with quantifiers has predominantly focused on inference patterns studied by Aristotle about two millennia ago. Modern logic has shown a wealth of inference patterns involving quantifiers that are far beyond the expressive power of Aristotelian syllogisms, and whose psychology should be explored. We bring to light a novel class of fallacious inference patterns, some of which are so attractive that they are tantamount to cognitive illusions. In tandem with recent insights from linguistics that quantifiers like (...) “some” are treated as wh-questions, these illusory inferences are predicted by the erotetic theory of reasoning, which postulates that a process akin to question asking and answering is behind human inference making. (shrink)

Extant research notes a tendency to propound the idea that female managers are secondary to men. Gender differences constitute an ethical issue and the discursive constructions of gender management are central to research in business ethics. Drawing on evidence gathered from a time–space intersection that has been widely neglected by research in this area, we address whether female business leaders develop gender-stereotypic management styles as well as their propensity to adopt masculine management patterns such as making risky decisions and implementing (...) formal management systems. Our findings suggest that gender-stereotypic management styles are chosen strategically and target-driven, which implies a selective use of masculine and feminine management styles. Furthermore, as part of the masculine approach, female business owners adopt risk-taking decisions and implement formal management systems. Our results provide support for the argument that gender is context dependent and, hence, the findings of this study may be useful for contemporary jurisdictions featuring male-dominated societies and a strong intervention by the State in the economy. (shrink)

El objeto de este texto es pensar el supuesto binarismo de los usos ‘serios’ y ‘no serios’ del lenguaje en J. L. Austin. El punto de partida es el examen de su polémica posición contra las dicotomías, prestando especial atención al lugar central que ocupa el humor verbal en sus escritos. Partiendo de aquí, expondré cómo el humor toma cuerpo en su proyecto teórico/práctico en su uso para deshacer y desestabilizar las oposiciones dicotómicas, como en su versión ejemplarizante, reforzando así (...) su tesis de que todo decir es hacer. En resumen, mi propuesta supone tomar en serio el sentido del humor en/de Austin. Desde esta óptica, aquel binarismo eclosiona y emerge una nueva lectura que contribuye a aclarar la compleja interpretación de la obra austiniana. (shrink)

En este artículo pretendemos definir el concepto mismo de «biopolítica» en su originaria significación foucaultiana. Para ello, pondremos en relación diferentes aspectos de la obra de Michel Foucault, con el fin de aclarar ciertos elementos no exentos de dificultad interpretativa. A continuación, trazaremos un breve recorrido histórico a través de las distintas formas de «biopolítica» que han ido sucediéndose a lo largo de los últimos doscientos años, a fin de justificar nuestra visión discontinuista de la historia, y deslegitimar así la (...) conocida como «hipótesis de la sofistificación progresiva» de las tecnologías de poder. (shrink)

When hiring for an open position, the branch manager of Intermountain Trust Bancorp was challenged with an ethical dilemma he was not anticipating. An internal applicant challenged the hiring manager's ethical values by insisting that their friendship and other external employment factors be taken into consideration in the hiring decision. This is a classic case of a candidate using undue influence1 to manipulate a colleague and gain employment. In what started as a routine decision, the manager was faced with an (...) unforeseen ethical quagmire. This case describes a real situation that had local impact on the stakeholders of a regional bank, and provides a true example of the types of difficult situations that can affect candidate selection in hiring decisions. (shrink)

Ferlosio explica que los ritos protegen los límites y que nos defienden de lo que está más allá de la frontera, de lo desconocido. La ritualización académica también. ¿Cuál sería hoy en 2022 el límite del que los mandarines de la academia nos protegen al esconderlo y que los saberes humanísticos nos revelan? El límite de la utilidad y del interés. A partir del más acá de la crítica aristotélica a lo interesado, miraremos al más allá de la identidad, de (...) la patria y del argumento, de la mano de un asceta laico que agitó la tiniebla antes de usarla: Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio. (shrink)

El text d’Ian Ground la traducció del qual transcrivim a continuació va ser llegit a l’acte de presentación del seu llibre ¿Arte o chorrada? (València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València / Col•lecció Estètica & Crítica, 2008) el dia 9 de juny de 2008 a l’Aula Magna de l’edifici del Carrer La Nau de la Universitat de València, amb la presència, a més d’Ian Ground, de Romà de la Calle (en qualitat de Director de la col•lecció Estètica & Crítica) i (...) de mi mateix, Salvador Rubio (en qualitat de traductor, editor i autor de la introducció del llibre). El text va ser llegit en anglés pel seu autor, alternat, paràgraf per paràgraf, amb la lectura de la traducció castellana. Hem preferit que el text traduit aparega ací en castellà, exactament igual al que va ser llegit a l’esmentat acte de presentació. La reflexió que ens proposa Ian Ground, en cara que específicament concebuda per a aquest acte, no necessita cap presentació i pot ser llegida perfectament com un text autònom. Tanmateix, em permet precedir-la amb unes quantes observacions que no pretenen sustituir les meues paraules a l’acte (on, naturalment, els agraïments eren els protagonistes) ni tampoc la introducció del llibre ja publicada, i a la qual es pot remetre directament el lector d’aquest article. (shrink)

Contra quienes suponen que no existe hoy una moral universal válida, o bien que ésta se genera sólo cómo un proceso de transacciones sociales, económicas o políticas asimétricas, este ensayo sostiene que tales transacciones generan unas estructura (en la modernidad) que su vez fomentan el universalismo moral. Se argumenta que hay una sociogénesis de la moral en las sociedades pluralistas de nuestro tiempo, pero es indirecta. En efecto, la urdimbre moral de la modernidad está basada en la estructura social de (...) la libertad y en el hecho de que la naturaleza humana es universal, a pesar de las variaciones locales, culturales y económicas, por un lado, y el surgimiento de un interés común mundializado basado en principios de fraternidad, igualdad de género y sostenibilidad ambiental, por otro. La incipiente aparición de una sociedad civil mundial y de derechos civiles transnacionales es señal de ello. Por consiguiente, el ensayo se presenta como alternativa tanto a las concepciones comunitaristas (relativistas) y a la sociologización de la ética, como a los desmanes del utilitarismo y del consecuencialismo contemporáneos. (shrink)

El aspecto formal del derecho y su inserción en la realidad.--Derecho y sociedad.--La función esencial del derecho. El derecho y el Estado.--El derecho como natural y como positivo.--El derecho en su dimensión ética.

Promotion of interculturality as a model of diversity management that is more respectful of the full enjoyment of the rights and freedoms of all citizens in real and effective equality conditions has ceased to be a utopia to become a reality, thanks to the social and-cultural relations that are taking place among equals belonging to different cultures through Cyberspace that constitutes, together with education, the new paradigm of interculturality in the Digital Age. Intercultural dialogues and exchanges taking place in this (...) context are born of feelings and emotions as intense and enriching as those that take place in real life, insofar as they emerge from the essence of personal identity, of one’s own ideology or conscience; And are governed, in most cases, by the regime of freedom that characterizes the digital culture, to act according to their own ideas, convictions or beliefs. (shrink)

Los usuarios de los servicios sanitarios que reclaman el ejercicio efectivo de las diferentes manifestaciones de su libertad religiosa cuando se hallan internados en instituciones sanitarias públicas. Me refiero a solicitudes que deben ser atendidas por las autoridades pertinentes, en orden a promover, en condiciones de igualdad real y efectiva, el pleno disfrute de aquella libertad religiosa en este ámbito. Sobre la base de esta hipótesis, el objeto de este trabajo va a consistir en analizar las claves jurídicas de la (...) gestión del derecho de los pacientes a consumir alimentación y a usar vestimentas y representaciones simbólicas en sus dependencias en base a sus creencias religiosas. (shrink)

La fenomenología de la vida de Hans Jonas aúna su posición ontológica y ética. En ella, usa el concepto de libertad dialéctica como base fenomenológica para superar el dualismo cartesiano, estableciendo una continuación ontológica entre los seres-vivos, resignificando la experiencia corpórea de la vida. El presente trabajo sugiere que esta interpretación termina por recaer en una historia metafísica de la libertad que encumbra ontológicamente al ser-humano. Para evitarlo, se propone un nuevo desarrollo de la libertad para alcanzar una alternativa ontológica (...) que se funde en la consustancialidad de la experiencia corpórea y la consiguiente imposibilidad de una gradación ontológica. (shrink)

One of the main differences between countries within the international community is their degree of development. In fact, the breach between developing countries and developed countries is constantly growing. However, there is not a clear definition of what a developing country is, thus sometimes hindering the classification of countries in this category. The lack of such a definition may be due to the heterogeneity of developing countries. Nevertheless, we can found developing countries subcategories and legal effects of their establishment.

This article is a reading and direct analysis of two texts by Maurice Nédoncelle: La réciprocité des consciences and Vers une philosophie de l’amour et de la personne. I intend to make known in Spanish, firstly, the author’s doctrine of love, and, secondly, the metaphysical importance this notion has for the author, although this second aim can be the subject of further studies that delve into Nédoncelle’s personalist philosophical idea of love. The reading of these texts has led me to (...) present two questions of the philosophy of love. Firstly, what is the ontological constituent of love? Secondly, what is the most evident manifestation of personal love? Both questions will be treated predominantly from a theoretical rather than practical perspective. I propose that Maurice Nédoncelle wanted to demonstrate that what best characterizes persons is their ability to love and be loved. (shrink)