Probability plays a crucial role regarding the understanding of the relationship which exists between mathematics and physics. It will be the point of departure of this brief reflection concerning this subject, as well as about the placement of Poincaré’s thought in the scenario offered by some contemporary perspectives.

Hasard et probabilité sont des concepts importants dans l’épistémologie de Poincaré, malgré les difficultés qu’ils introduisent. La notion de hasard est conçue dans un scénario conceptuel où le déterminisme règne encore; la probabilité, à son tour, est toujours basée sur un ensemble de conventions et d’hypothèses qui cherchent à surmonter l’incertitude qui menace la connaissance scientifique. L’article consiste en une approche philosophique qui vise à clarifier ces notions à partir du point de vue de l’épistémologie de Poincaré et de montrer (...) que le hasard trouve sa place dans les constructions théoriques lorsqu’il est instancié par les ressources du calcul des probabilités. (shrink)

Este texto introduz a tradução do discurso de intitulado "Sobre os números transfinitos" ("Über transfinite Zahlen"), proferido por Henri Poincaré em 27 de abril de 1909, na Universidade de Göttingen. Após uma breve apresentação do pensamento do autor acerca dos fundamentos da aritmética, procura-se citar os aspectos mais relevantes da chamada crise dos fundamentos da matemática, para então introduzir a reformulação do conceito de predicatividade aventada no referido discurso sobre números transfinitos, contribuição compreendida como um recurso teórico necessário para a (...) superação dos paradoxos relativos à teoria dos conjuntos. Com isso, pretende-se evidenciar o papel central do texto publicado nesta edição para o desenvolvimento da concepção matemática de Henri Poincaré. This article provides an introduction to the translation of the lecture entitled "On transfinite numbers" ("Über transfinite Zahlen"), given by Henri Poincaré at the University of Göttingen on April 27, 1909. Following a short presentation of Poincaré's views on the foundations of arithmetic, it identifies the aspects of the so-called crisis of the foundations of mathematics that are most relevant for understanding his reconstruction of the concept of predicativity, which is intended to be a theoretical resource that may overcome the paradoxes of set theory. In doing so, the article highlights the central role of this text in the process of maturation of Poincaré's views on the foundations of mathematics. (shrink)

One of the purposes of intercultural philosophical comparisons is to examine cultural parallels, which helps in understanding existential problems. However, the number of works that have considered the sense of duty and the universe of virtues through an intercontinental comparative approach is limited. The objective of this article is to explore the sense of duty and the conception of virtue in and from the works of the Roman philosopher Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 - 43 BC) and the Japanese swordmaster Miyamoto (...) Musashi (1584 - 1645), taking as main works On Duties, by the former, and “Gorin No Sho” and “Dokkôdô”, by the latter. In both, we find convergent theoretical-normative elements regarding the virtuous conduct of the agent, whether he is understood as a citizen, that is, in the social and political context, or whether he is conceived as an individual who grows old on the battlefield. Among the common elements of both positions, the criticism of hedonism, the praise of rationality and the mastery of instincts stand out. However, the authors diverge on the topic related to happiness. (shrink)

En esta nota crítica se examina La crisi della narrazione: informazione, politica e vita quotidiana de Byung-Chul Han, ensayo filosófico sobre la transformación de la narrativa en la era digital. Han argumenta que la información fragmentaria ha reemplazado las historias tradicionales, erosionando nuestra capacidad para transmitir experiencias y sabiduría. El libro sostiene que el storytelling contemporáneo ha reducido las narraciones a mercancías consumibles, destruyendo su función original de generar cohesión social y comprensión existencial. Mediante un diálogo con pensadores como Walter (...) Benjamin, Han desentraña cómo los medios digitales, las redes sociales y las plataformas de streaming han modificado nuestra percepción narrativa. Con un tono marcadamente pesimista, el autor expone cómo la información instantánea y los algoritmos han fragmentado nuestra experiencia temporal, privando a las historias de su profundidad y capacidad de dar sentido a la existencia humana. (shrink)

Unlike most areas involving taboo, where language-internal innovations tend to dominate, homosexuality is characterized by a basic international vocabulary shared across multiple languages, notably English, French, Italian, Spanish and German. Historically, the lexis of nonnormative gender identity has shared space with that of sexual orientation. This lexicon includes (inexhaustively) the following series of internationalisms:sodomite, bugger, bardash, berdache, tribade, pederast, sapphist, lesbian, uranist, invert, homosexual, bisexual, trans, gay, queer. This common terminology has resulted from language contact in a broad sense, and (...) more specifically from lexical borrowing (loanwords). Several framing devices are expressed through the lexicon: religious censure, distancing in time and space, othering, medicalization or pathologizing, but also in recent decades LGBTQ self-assertion and demands for equality. Rather than necessarily being subject to taboo, then, queerness represents a pragmatically marked semantic field in which the lexicon is highly dependent upon social factors and the communicative context. (shrink)

La biografia di Bartolomeo di San Concordio contenuta nella Chronica antiqua del Convento di Santa Caterina di Pisa presenta un modello esemplare di predicatore domenicano, i cui tratti sono lo stile di vita sobrio, la spiccata attitudine allo studio, la vasta produzione letteraria e l’abilità nella predicazione. Al di là degli stereotipi, applicabili a molti frati domenicani, la biografia lascia trasparire alcuni elementi che caratterizzano l’ambiente del convento pisano. In particolare, la metafora della ‘biblioteca vivente’ utilizzata per descrivere la vasta (...) cultura e la straordinaria memoria di Bartolomeo, segnala da una parte l’attenzione alle tecniche della memoria, particolarmente diffusa nell’ ambiente pisano, dall’altra l’instancabile attività di Bartolomeo come autore di compendi e di opere enciclopediche destinate ad una larghissima diffusione. Bartolomeo of St. Concordio’s biography, contained in the “Chronica antiqua” of the Convent of Santa Caterina of Pisa, gives a model of Dominican preacher, whose characteristics are a simple lifestyle, a strong attitude towards studying, a wide literary production and the preaching ability. Beyond these stereotypes, which can be found in many Dominicans, the biography reveals some elements that characterize the environment of the convent of Pisa. In particular, the metaphor of the 'living library', used to describe Bartolomeo’s broad culture and extraordinary memory, draws attention to the techniques of memory, particularly widespread in the environment of Pisa, and describes Bartolomeo’s tireless work in writing “summae” and encyclopaedic works for a large circulation. (shrink)

Review of Flores-Júnior, O. La vie facile. Une lecture du cynisme ancien, Paris, Librairie philosophique J. Vrin. (2021).

The Catastrophe of the Ascetic Ideals from an Intercultural Perspective. Science, Asceticism and Nihilism in GM III 27. This article aims to clarify the meaning and strategic position of the parentheses on the development of philosophy in India in GM III 27. Nietzsche’s reference to the philosophical development in India reveals his intercultural considerations and helps clarify the relations between science and ascetic ideal as a moment of the historical-genealogical reconstitution of European nihilism. I argue that honest forms of atheism (...) and science contain the core of the ascetic ideal and that the critique of nihilism is therefore inevitably self-referential. Nietzsche’s intercultural view sheds new light on important current philosophical questions such as the scope of Giorgio Agamben’s homo-sacer-project and on the prospects of non-European philosophical perspectives. (shrink)

This clever and insightful book reveals the depth and breadth of high moral character and competence in the corporate world. The good news is that the corporate world, by and large, is in good shape. The bad news is that the bad apples number enough to make the rest of us vulnerable to their whims. A Knight?s Code of Business is the first book to arrive in the aftermath of high profiles disasters such as Enron and WorldCom. It presents both (...) the misadventures that befall corporations, as well as guidance to help upcoming managers achieve high moral character and competence in the corporate world. It?s a fun and insightful read. The lessons discussed come from the author?s 20+ years of experience, stories contributed by nearly two dozen other business professionals all across America, and the new survey of marketing executives. (shrink)

Roscoe Pound, in the introduction, gives a panorama of the various schools of legal philosophy, & places natural law in its proper perspective relative to ...

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

No presente artigo, indico a relevância da contribuição de Nietzsche para a reflexão e o debate sobre problemas fundamentais de filosofia política e do direito contemporâneas, tais como soberania, cidadania, direitos humanos, justiça, estado e democracia. Nesse contexto, o artigo pretende mostrar que uma aproximação entre Nietzsche e Agamben esclarece o projeto de superação da forma direito, ao interpretar a desigualdade política a partir da noção de bando, ao invés de recorrer ao paradigma do contrato social.

Adults in the United States are having fewer biological children in part due to worries about climate change and population growth, yet Christian environmental ethicists frequently avoid or dismiss these “eco-reproductive” concerns. I argue that these avoidances lead to important limitations in the literature, which I address by employing a pragmatic approach for religious ethics. Learning from environmentalists who are critically engaging with their Christian inheritances, I find that informants draw upon religious repertoires to “kinnovate.” Namely, they expand notions of (...) family beyond biological lineage by taking up vocations as godparents, youth mentors, foster parents, or chosen kin. I claim that these practices of Christian kinnovation are significant because they help to advance creative moral responses to eco-reproductive concerns in religious contexts—interventions that currently remain underdeveloped in relevant ethical and theological literatures. (shrink)

Reviewer evaluations and recommendations for 853 manuscript submissions, over a span of 4 years, are analyzed for evidence of particularistic bias, reviewer agreement, and predictive validity for forecasting a published manuscript's citation impact. Attributes of the submitters, their affiliated institutions, and the reviewers have little consistent association with reviewers' recommendations or editorial decision outcomes. Furthermore, reviewers' recommendations demonstrate a reasonable degree of agreement. However, neither reviewers' evaluative ratings across five dimensions nor publication recommendations can predict the number of citations that (...) a published article subsequently receives. Strengths and limitations of various features of the manuscript review process, as well as the importance of monitoring the process for particularistic biases and evidence of predictive validity, are discussed. (shrink)

Propõe-se a discussão de alguns aspectos intrínsecos ao processo de produção de farinha modulado por tecnologias de organização social e produtiva, com destaque para os serviços ambientais originados durante essas atividades. Os serviços ambientais são maiores do que os consumidos e atribuem a esses povos um importante papel dentro do processo de sustentabilidade em um ecossistema frágil. Esta pesquisa possui abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, e inclui incursões etnográficas feitas pelos pesquisadores. As análises indicam a importância do reconhecimento do Estado através (...) de políticas públicas estruturantes e não de ações de transformação social, que não validam os sistemas de produção tradicional. (shrink)

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar como a teoria da mente estendida, particularmente os argumentos de Andy Clark, pode explicar os processos mentais não como fenômenos restritivos ao cérebro e endossar sua conexão com o corpo e o ambiente. Dessa forma, inicialmente, reconstroem-se as principais perspectivas materialistas que limitaram o self ao crânio; em seguida, aponta-se como o caráter estendido da mente escapa aos seus limites naturais e se mistura “descaradamente” ao mundo. Argumenta-se que artefatos externos desempenham um papel (...) importante na orientação de ações, de modo que mudanças no ambiente podem causar mudanças no comportamento do agente cognitivo, configurando uma dependência constitutiva. Desse modo, a tese da mente estendida desafia tanto o funcionalismo tradicional quanto o externalismo, pois, por um lado, considera os processos cognitivos e os estados mentais como interações relevantes do indivíduo com o ambiente e, por outro, como comportamentos orientados pela intenção. Por meio da integração dos corpos biológicos com artefatos ou ferramentas, sustenta-se uma leitura que dissolve a clássica “lacuna explicativa” das ciências cognitivas. (shrink)

This article traces Kurt H. Wolff’s involvement with Italy, from his first sojourn in the 1930s as a German Jewish intellectual in exile to the end of his life. Wolff developed profound ties with the country that hosted him, and that he was forced to abandon once racial laws were introduced there on the eve of World War II. Nonetheless, throughout his life he regarded Italy as an elective homeland of sorts. Wolff’s Italian experience is revisited through a detailed examination (...) of the places where he resided, his activities as a student, teacher, and scholar, and the many individuals with whom he associated, many of whom became his lifelong friends and collaborators. The documentary evidence collected here includes unpublished conversations with some of Wolff’s Italian connections and serves for a consideration of how his ties to Italy had an impact on the development of his sociological and esthetic theories. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre a educação pública em Rousseau e verificar em que medida se relaciona com a proposta da educação doméstica. Os dois modelos são irremediavelmente paradoxais: enquanto a máxima de um é “seguir a natureza”, do outro é “desnaturar”. Apesar disto, a educação pública descrita no modelo para a Polônia apresenta uma série de elementos comuns ao Emílio o que indica que, de certa forma, a educação da natureza pode contribuir para com as especificidades da (...) educação pública. Para desenvolver esta concepção valer-nos-emos de parte da bibliografia crítica sobre a educação em Rousseau, especialmente autores nacionais. (shrink)

: A investigação tem como escopo debruçar-se sobre a questão do sentido do Político na obra do filósofo franco-lituano Emmanuel Levinas. A tarefa se apresenta como desafiadora pois não há uma abordagem explícita sobre a temática do político em sua obra. Entretanto, o filósofo admite que a passagem da ética para a vida eminentemente social, graças à chegada do terceiro, introduz no âmago da relação dual, a questão da Justiça, da Política e do Direito etc. Com a pretensão de mostrar (...) a existência de uma fecunda interface entre ética e política no pensamento do autor, trata-se, primeiramente, de abordar a ética da alteridade na ótica da linguagem como palavra viva e inter(pel)ação de outrem para, em seguida, tratar de explicitar as balizas de seu pensamento do Político outramente dito em função do ineditismo da intriga semiótico-linguística que o filósofo estabelece entre Dizer/Dito subjacente à sua escritura. (shrink)

O trabalho analisa, por meio da cobertura do diário A Tarde, de Salvador, a convivência entre a delegação alemã de futebol e a população local de Santa Cruz Cabrália, no sul da Bahia, que serviu de base para a seleção que conquistou a Copa do Mundo de futebol em 2014. A partir dos critérios de identidade cultural, globalização e seleção jornalística, mostra que a estratégia de aproximação com os moradores marcou a cobertura de A Tarde e criou um clima simpático (...) à seleção alemã. (shrink)