Résumé — L’analyse de la condition ouvrière dévoile les conditions sociales de la constitution psychologique et morale de soi. Le système tayloriste est aliénant en ce qu’il anéantit la capacité de s’attribuer réalité et valeur, en forçant l’ouvrier à endosser des mobiles qu’il ne peut pourtant s’approprier car ils lui sont étrangers et humiliants, contraires à ses aspirations. Il dépend de l’extériorité – où il peut certes trouver des grandeurs de conventions mensongères, mais aussi ce qui lui est le plus (...) intérieur – pour comprendre les aspirations qui le constituent et rester en accord avec lui-même. Il ne faut donc pas opposer l’intériorité indépendante et l’extériorité, mais deux types de dépendance : à la force extérieure, qui brise le rapport à soi ; ou à la nécessité, intelligible, qui en permet l’instauration : il y a des conditions à l’autonomie morale, entendue comme capacité d’agir d’après l’intellection de la nécessité, seul mobile que le sujet peut s’approprier et qui l’élève. Cela permet de juger les sociétés, acceptables si leur fonctionnement est intelligible, si elles stimulent l’activité de compréhension, et offrent un milieu où sont exprimées les aspirations, la réalité et la valeur propres à l’individu.— The analysis of the working condition reveals the social conditions of the self psychological and moral constitution. The taylorist system is alienating since it annihilates the capacity to claim any reality and value, by forcing the workman to shoulder mobiles that he cannot afford because they are foreign and humiliating to him, opposites with his aspirations. Depending on the exteriority – where he can certainly find greatnesses of untrue conventions, but also what is most inner to him – he can understand the aspirations which constitute him and though remain in agreement with himself. One thus should not oppose independent interiority and the exteriority, but two types of dependence : on the external force, which breaks the relation with the self ; or on the necessity, intelligible, that allows the setting-up of it : there are conditions to moral autonomy, understood as the capacity to act according to the intellection of the necessity, sole mobile that the subject can take over and that emancipates him. That allows to evaluate the societies, acceptable if their way of processing is intelligible, if they stimulate the understanding activity, and offer a medium where the aspirations, reality and value that are peculiar to the individual are expressed. (shrink)

This article discusses the set of Harsanyi payoff vectors of a cooperative TU-game, also known as the Selectope. We reconsider some results on Harsanyi payoff vectors within a more general framework. First, an intuitive approach is used, showing that the set of Harsanyi payoff vectors is the core of an associated convex game. Next, the set of individual rational Harsanyi payoff vectors, the Harsanyi imputations in short, is considered. Existence conditions are provided, and if non-empty, we provide a description as (...) the core of a well-defined convex game, and show that it is an externally stable set. (shrink)

This article discusses the set of Harsanyi payoff vectors of a cooperative TU-game, also known as the Selectope. We reconsider some results on Harsanyi payoff vectors within a more general framework. First, an intuitive approach is used, showing that the set of Harsanyi payoff vectors is the core of an associated convex game. Next, the set of individual rational Harsanyi payoff vectors, the Harsanyi imputations in short, is considered. Existence conditions are provided, and if non-empty, we provide a description as (...) the core of a well-defined convex game, and show that it is an externally stable set. (shrink)

Walter Benjamins »destruktiver Charakter«, sein alter ego, ist nicht so einsam, wie es scheinen mag, sondern hat im bürgerlichen Lager, in der Person eines eher konservativen Kulturkritikers und Verteidigers der auserlesensten Bildung, einen Doppelgänger – soweit dieser avantgardistische künstlerische Positionen vertritt. Und dieser Doppelgänger hat ebenfalls einen Doppelgänger: »Monsieur Teste«. Daß es zwischen Benjamin und Valéry zu einem solchen Refraktionsspiel kam, ist kein Zufall. Der Dialog mit Valéry geht bei Benjamin auf das Frühjahr 1925 zurück und bildet einen roten Faden, (...) der in der Verstrickung von Avantgardismus und Kulturkritik am deutlichsten zutage tritt. (shrink)

Gérard Genette occupe une « situation » intermédiaire entre les avant-gardes théoriques des années 1960 et l’histoire littéraire de la tradition lansonienne à la Sorbonne, où il avait commencé sa carrière académique, avant d’amorcer un « tournant rhétorique » dans la filiation de Valéry et de Paulhan. Enseignant la poétique à l’EPHE et à l’EHESS, il a contribué à renouveler profondément la théorie littéraire en France dans les années 1960, aux côtés de Barthes, Todorov, Jakobson et Michel Charles.

What is well-being? This is one of humanity's oldest and deepest questions; Valerie Tiberius offers a fresh answer. She argues that our lives go well to the extent that we succeed in what matters to us emotionally, reflectively, and over the long term. So when we want to help others achieve well-being, we should pay attention to their values.

This paper argues that some widely used laws of implication are false, and arguments based upon them invalid. These laws are Exportation, Commutation, (as well as various restricted forms of these), Exported Syllogism and Disjunctive Syllogism. All these laws are false for the same reason – that they license the suppression or replacement in some position of some class of propositions which cannot legitimately be suppressed or replaced. These laws fail to preserve the property of sufficiency of premiss set for (...) conclusion. They are false, and can be seen to be false, independently of their respon- sibility for the paradoxes. Hence the main ‘independent’ argument for the paradoxes – that they follow from an allegedly immaculate set of laws – is undermined. Counterexamples to all these laws are produced. (shrink)

Abstract.In Canada, food assistance is provided through a widespread network of extra-governmental, community-based, charitable programs, popularly termed “food banks”. Most of the food they distribute has been donated by food producers, processors, and retailers or collected through appeals to the public. Some industry donations are of market quality, but many donations are “surplus” food that cannot be retailed. Drawing on insights from an ethnographic study of food bank work in southern Ontario, we examined how the structure and function of food (...) banks operate to facilitate the distribution of foods not marketed through the retail system. Our findings indicate that the handling of industry donations of unsaleable products is a labor-intensive activity, made possible by the surfeit of unpaid labor in food banks, the neediness of food bank clients, and clients’ lack of rights in this system. The marshalling of volunteer labor to serve a corporate need might be construed as a “win-win” situation because the work of salvaging edible foodstuffs from among industry “surplus” helps to “feed the hungry” while also diminishing the amount of refuse deposited in landfill sites, sparing corporations disposal costs and landfill tipping fees, and helping them forge an image of good corporate citizenship. However, the reliance of food banks on industry donations means that food assistance becomes defined as that which the corporate sector cannot retail. Moreover, the intertwining of food bank work with corporate needs may function to further entrench this ad hoc secondary food system and mitigate against initiatives to develop more effective responses to problems of hunger and food insecurity in our communities. (shrink)

In this paper I introduce a version of constructivism that relies on a theory of practical wisdom. Wise judgment constructivism is a type of constructivism because it takes correct judgments about what we have “all-in” reason to do to be the result of a process we can follow, where our interest in the results of this process stems from our practical concerns. To fully defend the theory would require a comprehensive account of wisdom, which is not available. Instead, I describe (...) a constructivist methodology for defending an account of wisdom and outline its main features. This gives us enough to see what wise judgment constructivism would look like, why it might be an attractive theory, and how it is different from other versions of constructivism. (shrink)

Morain and colleagues (2019) advocate rethinking the rather dogmatic guidance from both regulatory authorities and professional associations cautioning physician-investigators against obtaining inf...

The rise of private standards, including those involving multi-stakeholder processes, raises questions about whose interests are served and the kind of power that is exerted to maintain these interests. This paper critically examines the battle for ideas—the way competing factions assert their own narratives about value chain relations, the role of standards and related multi-stakeholder processes. Drawing on empirical research on the horticulture and floriculture value chains linking Kenya and the United Kingdom, the analysis explores the framing of sustainability issues, (...) especially around labor issues and good agricultural practice, and the choice of response with respect to private standards and multi-stakeholder initiatives since the late 1990s. We identify four competing narratives currently in play: a dominant global sourcing narrative, a pragmatic development narrative, a broader development narrative and a narrative we term potentially transformative. This last narrative is currently emerging through the unpacking of narratives in relation to the framing of sustainability problems and solutions, and in terms of legislative, executive and judicial governance. The paper contributes to emerging understanding of power in value chains, moving beyond material power to a consideration of how ideational power is exerted and resisted. (shrink)

Si les expositions de peinture font l'objet d'une large fréquentation, Hegel est bien souvent décrié, surtout dans les milieux artistiques. Cette présentation de son Esthétique voudrait montrer, en privilégiant les analyses concrètes comme celle de la peinture hollandaise du XVIIe, toute la fécondité de cette approche philosophique. Loin du dogmatisme, Hegel conçoit l'art historiquement, jugeant les œuvres, mais récusant par avance toute norme académique. L'historicité de l'art est-elle solidaire de sa fin, de son dépassement? Dans quelle mesure art et religion (...) sont-ils dissociables? Questions auxquelles nous confronte cette lecture de Hegel. (shrink)

In his latest book Kritik und Wissenschaftsgeschichte (Criticism and the History of Science, 1988), Gunnar Andersson clarifies the logical aspects of falsification and metalogical relationships between falsification, prediction and explanation. By analyzing the case studies on which Kuhn and Feyerabend have based their arguments for the incommensurability thesis, he shows that thesis to be untenable. A decisive criticism of the "new philosophy of science" is given. In the process Popper's methodology is developed further. It is shown that the "Kuhn Revolution" (...) is indeed a pseudo-revolution. (shrink)

Et derrière cette dernière se dessine le rôle des managers, premiers acteurs de ces dynamiques de changement, pour avoir intériorisé les principes de la rationalisation. Premiers acteurs ? Seuls acteurs ?

In this paper, I argue that Jean-Paul Sartre's theory of the imagination emerges out of a position on perception that is similar to modern naïve realism in that he seeks to add elements of what today is called “relationalism” to his phenomenological description of perceptual and imaginative experience. The problem is that it is not clear that relationalism can be added to the phenomenologist's intentional theory of consciousness in the way Sartre recommends. This paper takes an analytic approach to understanding (...) Sartre's theory of perception, traces his motivation in arguing that perception and imagination are sui generis mental activity and identifies the ways in which Sartre's attempt to add elements of relationalism to the Husserlian account of perception runs into trouble with hallucinatory experience. (shrink)

Le suivi psychologique d’une femme dans la cinquantaine est l’occasion de saisir les effets du corps malade et vieillissant sur la vie psychique. Suite à une atteinte somatique bénigne mais surchargée d’enjeux du féminin et du maternel, Toni apprend une infidélité de son mari et elle s’effondre. Les auteures interrogent comment le psychologue d’orientation psychanalytique peut entendre la souffrance contemporaine du corps et l’actualité du désamour et leurs déterminations inconscientes. Les faits somatiques et de la scène conjugale sont une porte (...) d’entrée pour revisiter des événements passés, leur charge affective et pour dénouer un contrat narcissique conjugal autour de la performance et de la réussite. (shrink)

La question animale se pose à notre siècle dans un contexte de déconstruction qui cependant côtoie la perduration d’une discrimination ontologique de l’animal, l’homme exerçant sur celui-ci une domination que les lois ratifient. Or l’éclairage que peut apporter la pensée de Plotin, nous suggère un nouveau paradigme capable de libérer la différence animale : en suspendant l’éthique à l’ontologie, Plotin propose à l’homme de « laisser-être » l’animal, en tant que désinence du vivant dont il lui importe d’assurer la sauvegarde.