A proposta desse artigo é observar o momento de surgimento do repórter como presença visual na televisão brasileira a partir da figura de Carlos Spera, jornalista que se destaca no material de acervo preservado dos nossos primeiros anos de televisão. A partir da análise de sua atuação, buscamos identificar características que vão se constituir em importantes matrizes do telejornalismo no Brasil, bem como modos de atuação que, embora não venham a definir a norma, se apresentam como brechas para outras expressões (...) possíveis. (shrink)

Este artigo propõe uma discussão sobre jornalismo e subjetividade a partir de uma argumentação que considera que, embora o discurso hegemônico sobre a instituição se construa a partir do ideal da objetividade, de um texto constituído apenas pelos fatos e cujo autor deixa de ser sujeito para assumir a identidade de jornalista, a subjetividade foi sempre constituidora do texto jornalístico. Assim, pensando a partir dos estudos culturais o jornalismo como uma instituição social com formas, valores e funções conformados historicamente, e (...) os sujeitos como indivíduos que se reconhecem a partir de uma ampla rede de relações de poder, de tradições culturais, de representações de identidades, argumentamos que, em um contexto cada vez maior de centralidade dos sujeitos na cultura contemporânea, os discursos sobre si tem sido uma forte tendência também no jornalismo. (shrink)

Objetivamos elaborar um balanço sobre lógica das perguntas científicas na produção do conhecimento stricto sensu. Tomamos como fontes 100 dissertações e 32 teses escritas por docentes que trabalham em cursos de Educação Física no Estado da Bahia – 1982 a 2018, abordando enquanto objeto a lógica instituída pelas perguntas científicas na referida produção. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, tendo como método o materialismo histórico e dialético. Os resultados apontam que 48% das produções têm suas perguntas de investigação construída a partir (...) da lógica formal; 28% apresenta uma lógica dialética na elaboração das perguntas científicas; e 24% não apresentam problema de investigação. (shrink)

O artigo é um estudo de caso à luz da filosofia jurídica de Dworkin. Tratou-se de recursos especial repetitivo do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, que inviabilizou a utilização da indenização punitiva, espécie de responsabilidade civil derivada da common law. A pesquisa busca analisar o voto vencedor, propondo argumentos com uso da tese do ativismo judicial sobre a possibilidade de utilização da punitive damage em matéria ambiental. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido sob a metodologia jurídico-teórica e raciocínio dedutivo, com pesquisa bibliográfica (...) e jurisprudencial. Conclui-se que por meio do ativismo judicial há possibilidade de aplicação da indenização punitiva em matéria ambiental. (shrink)

Esse trabalho sistematiza a experiência de um estudo de caso realizado por um coletivo de pesquisadores em formação no grupo de LEPEL/FACED/UFBA. Têm em consideração, condições objetivas concretas de uma pesquisa em rede, promovida a partir de um trabalho voltado para elevar o pensamento teórico-metodológico de pesquisadores. Os resultados apontam que uma consiste formação de pesquisadores em rede, visando elevar o pensamento teórico-metodológico, requer estudos em uma rigorosa matriz categorial de referência marxista, cuja concepção histórica se pauta em conceber de (...) forma crítica o intercâmbio do modo de produção econômico capitalista, que engendra a produção do conhecimento científico. (shrink)

Adotando como referencial teórico a obra de Jürgen Habermas, bem como as bases para o seu pensamento na Escola de Frankfurt, o presente artigo busca analisar em que medida o horizonte que se vislumbra diante da crise sanitária pode ser tomado em perspectiva para se pensar a questão do direito ao meio ambiente sustentável. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, sob o método hipotético-dedutivo, em uma abordagem exploratória e adotando a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Ao final, conclui-se que a racionalidade (...) moderna necessita de novos paradigmas na relação homem-natureza, a qual não se pode ser mediada pela razão instrumental hegemônica. (shrink)

The events of September 11th, 2001 have irreversibly marked the outlook of the entire world in the beginning of the twentieth-first century and its consequences will certainly continue to be felt for years to come. Although relatively new, such events have not passed without receiving attention from some among the foremost thinkers of our time. Given that, we intend to develop an interpretative hypothesis which, starting from the perspective opened by the reflections of Friedrich Nietzsche concerning the nihilism and the (...) great politics, seeks to understand both the violent actions which try to justify themselves from a fundamentalist world view as well as the recent political and military configuration of the U.S. liberal democracy as different forms of reaction against the deepening of the value crisis ​​through which the Western world passes. (shrink)

Este artigo objetiva apresentar os resultados de uma investigação sobre a influência do contexto histórico-literário do niilismo russo — com destaque para o papel desempenhado pelo romance Pais e Filhos — no desenvolvimento das primeiras reflexões de Nietzsche sobre o niilismo, as quais foram registradas em dois textos póstumos de 1880. Principiando com um esclarecimento sobre a origem da palavra niilismo, o texto prossegue com uma caracterização do contexto social, político e cultural do Império Russo na segunda metade do século (...) XIX. Na sequência, apresentamos uma análise das diferentes definições do que é um niilista apresentadas no romance de Ivan Turguêniev para, em seguida, investigar o impacto que esta publicação gerou na sociedade russa da época. A partir de todos esses subsídios históricos, a última parte do artigo apresenta uma interpretação dos dois fragmentos póstumos que dialoga diretamente com a interpretação desenvolvida por Elisabeth Kuhn, ora concordando, ora refutando certos aspectos dela. (shrink)

El antropocentrismo determina nuestra percepción sobre el mundo y nuestra relación con él, teniendo un efecto material en tanto que impregna nuestros discursos, pensamiento, sensibilidades y prácticas. Este artículo trata de explorar cómo una reformulación ontológica que busque salir de los presupuestos antropocéntricos puede suponer un cambio material efectivo en nuestra percepción, generando cambios en nuestras sensibilidades y disponibilidades. Comprender los límites ontológicos desde el dinamismo y como zona de contacto nos permite acceder o materializar otro tipo de realidades aún (...) por conocer. Poniendo en juego algunas ideas de Donna Haraway, Bruno Latour, Karen Barad y Alfred Whitehead se busca un desarrollo conceptual y una reformulación ontológica como un intento de comprendernos en un mundo más-que-humano. (shrink)

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis, the most common neurological disease that causes disability in youth, does not only affect physical functions but is also associated with cognitive impairment, fatigue, depression, and anxiety and can significantly impact health-related quality of life. Since MS is generally diagnosed at a young age—a period of great significance for personal, relational, and professional development—adaptation can become highly challenging. Therefore, enhancing the competence of young people to adaptively cope with these potential challenges is of utmost importance in order to (...) promote their potentialities and talents. It has been shown that psychological interventions targeting MS patients can enhance resilience and HRQoL and that regular physical activity and social engagement can improve psychological well-being. However, literature on the development of global interventions based on the bio-psycho-social model of the disease is missing. Even less attention has been paid to interventions dedicated to young adults with MS and to the involvement of patients in the development of such programs.AimsIn collaboration with MS patients, this study aims to develop a bio-psycho-social intervention for YawMS, aiming to improve their HRQoL and to explore its feasibility, acceptability, and effects.MethodsTo tailor the intervention to the specific needs of YawMS, “patient engagement principles” will be adopted in the co-creation phase, performing a web survey and focus groups with patients and healthcare professionals. In the intervention phase, a pilot sample of 60 young adults with MS will be enrolled. The co-created intervention, composed of group sessions over a 12-week period, will cover psycho-social strategies and include physical activities. Adopting a longitudinal, pre–post evaluation design, self-report questionnaires measuring HRQoL and other bio-psycho-social features will be administered, the quantity and quality of PA will be measured, and a questionnaire developed by the authors will be used to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the ESPRIMO intervention. (shrink)

Music in dreams is rarely reported in scientific literature, while the presence of musical themes in dreams of famous musicians is anecdotally reported. We did a systematic investigation to evaluate whether the occurrence of musical dreams could be related to musical competence and practice, and to explore specific features of dreamt pieces. Thirty-five professional musicians and thirty non-musicians filled out a questionnaire about the characteristics of their musical activity and a structured dream log on the awakening for 30 consecutive days. (...) Musicians dream of music more than twice with respect to non-musicians; musical dreams frequency is related to the age of commencement of musical instruction, but not to the daily load of musical activity. Nearly half of the recalled music was non-standard, suggesting that original music can be created in dreams. (shrink)

The following translation is a reduced and revised version of the paper Schicksal Nietzsche? Zu Nietzsches Selbsteinschätzung als Schicksal der Philosophie und der Menschheit " - originally published in Nietzsche-Studien 37 - which was specially prepared to be presented in lecture organized by the Grupo de Pesquisa Spinoza & Nietzsche, in the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, on September 14, 2009. In the text, the autor employs his own philological-hermeneutical methodology, which is called contextual interpretation, in the purpose to (...) clarify the concepts of the first aphorism from "Why I am a destiny", from Ecce Homo, in its own context, in the context of Ecce Homo and in the context of the entire work from Nietzsche. (shrink)

Objective: This study aims to compare the acoustic vocal analysis results of a group of transgender women relative to those of cisgender women.Methods: Thirty transgender women between the ages of 19 and 52 years old participated in the study. The control group was composed of 31 cisgender women between the ages of 20 and 48 years old. A standardized questionnaire was administered to collect general patient data to better characterize the participants. The vowel /a/ sounds of all participants were collected (...) and analyzed by the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program advanced system.Results: Statistically significant differences between cisgender and transgender women were found on 14 measures: fundamental frequency, maximum fundamental frequency, minimum fundamental frequency, standard deviation of fundamental frequency, absolute jitter, percentage or relative jitter, fundamental frequency relative average perturbation, fundamental frequency perturbation quotient, smoothed fundamental frequency perturbation quotient, fundamental frequency variation, absolute shimmer, relative shimmer, voice turbulence index, and soft phonation index. The mean fundamental frequency value was 159.046 Hz for the cases and 192.435 Hz for the controls.Conclusion: Through glottal adaptations, the group of transgender women managed to feminize their voices, presenting voices that were less aperiodic and softer than those of cisgender women. (shrink)

En este artículo estudiaremos el vínculo entre las instituciones y el populismo mediante una experiencia concreta: la Asignación Universal por Hijo en la Argentina. Para ello, vamos a dividir el artículo en tres partes. Primero, desarrollaremos un tipo de abordaje metodológico específico: el procedimiento coyuntural recogido por Mouffe para pensar el actual momento populista. Segundo, explicitaremos el debate teórico alrededor del vínculo entre instituciones y populismo y las dificultades que existen para pensar esta relación. Tercero, partiremos del caso concreto de (...) la AUH, con objeto de mostrar sus tres momentos constitutivos: el surgimiento de la demanda popular, su apropiación y tramitación por parte del gobierno y la transformación de la demanda en un derecho. Finalmente, señalaremos, a partir del caso estudiado, cómo la conflictividad rupturista de la institucionalidad populista puede ayudarnos a pensar, transnacionalmente, una lógica alternativa al neoliberalismo.This article aims to study the relationship between institutional policies and populism analyzing the Universal Assignment for Child (AUH) in Argentina. To achieve this objective we will divide the paper in three sections. Firstly, we will think the populist moment in this particular setting as a method of interpretation. Secondly, we will follow the theoretical debates about institutions and populism explaining the difficulty to think this relationship. Third, from the concrete case of AUH, in order to show the constitutive moments: the emergence of popular demand, its appropriation and processing by the government and the transformation of demand into a right. Finally, we will show how the rupturist conflict of populist institutionalism helps us conceive a transnational alternative to global neoliberalism. (shrink)

El Programa de filosofía con y para niños ‘FiloHilo’ surgió de la posibilidad de trasladar desde el Prácticum a las aulas procesos de innovación y renovación pedagógica basados en el diálogo y la práctica filosófica. Son multitud los estudios que nos permiten afirmar que la Filosofía para niños/as se ha transformado en una actividad efectiva, posible y necesaria para todas las edades, ya que atiende a la necesidad propia del ser humano: la pregunta, el cuestionamiento, la duda. Pero estos procesos (...) se instauran si hay una actitud de apertura y disposición por parte del profesorado: esa primera condición, la actitud de apertura y disposición, es sobre la que se centra este artículo y fue el germen de preguntas clave: ¿cómo percibe el profesorado estas prácticas?, ¿las conocen?, ¿las han utilizado alguna vez?, ¿tienen predisposición a su implantación?, ¿está preparado para desarrollar un pensamiento ético, reflexivo, solidario y crítico en las aulas? Con el objetivo de responder a ello, se elaboró un cuestionario compuesto por 31 ítems y 4 dimensiones, que posee altos niveles de fiabilidad (α=0.949). Fue enviado a todos los centros educativos gallegos y respondido por 167 docentes. Los resultados muestran una alta predisposición hacia la práctica filosófica, fundamentalmente, por apoyar el razonamiento crítico y la toma de conciencia. Se concluye demandando un abordaje diferente de la enseñanza de la filosofía, tomando en cuenta las necesidades y los intereses del profesorado e introduciendo la necesidad de formación en el ámbito de la práctica filosófica, entendiendo la filosofía como algo que se practica y puede transformar la vida de los alumnos y alumnas: autoconocimiento y autorrealización. (shrink)

BackgroundA child’s death is the most stressful event and the most complex grief that families face. The process of psychological adaptation to the illness and death of a child is difficult due to a variety of emotional reactions. Parental grief had received the attention of researchers only in recent years when it became clear that this reality differs substantially from the general grief process.ObjectiveThis work aims to highlight the needs of bereaved parents; increase the specificity and effectiveness of the therapeutic (...) approach to prevent complications in the process of loss-making; and find the recurrent thematic nuclei in the development of bereavement present in a therapeutic group of parents who have lost their child to an onco-hematological disease.MethodBetween 2011 and 2016, five therapeutic groups for the grief elaboration were made. The sample included a total of 50 parents of children who died from cancer between the ages of 0 and 21 years.Content analysis was carried out as a qualitative analysis method. The SAS® Text Miner software was used to read, interpret, classify and integrate the data from numerous sources.ResultsThe development and consecutive interpretation of the 5 clusters have been carried out to analyze the related topics using the node “Topic Analysis” and requesting the subdivision into five topics. Four topics have been well defined. Clear topics are reducible to categories of emotional relief, tools, legacy, and unfinished business. The topic analysis provides interesting indications about the different interpretive journeys of the bereavement situation and offers ideas regarding the different types of social responses.ConclusionsAfter reviewing the existing bibliography, we have confirmed the lack of specific literature on the problem of grief in parents whose children have died from cancer. Much research has shown that parents who lose a child to cancer want support, and there are still few studies on the most effective interventions for this group. (shrink)

Soccer players inescapably live under stress during the sportive career, and many real-life aspects of soccer situations operate in the ongoing performance. This study’s main objective was to elaborate the List of Stressors in Professional Indoor and Field Soccer, a self-report instrument designed to measure the impact of 77 soccer situations upon the sport performance. Participants were 138 indoor and field soccer players from the Brazilian Premier League. Each situation was evaluated on a 7-point scale, ranging from the most negative (...) to the most positive. Data were analyzed according to the players’ perception of the items: distress or eustress and its intensity, and after that, situations perceived as plus −1 and +1 were compared by time in which they were experienced and distributed among five categories established by the literature: Expectations about the Performance, Personal Factors, Competition Aspects, Training Demands, and Relationship with Significant People. Narratives of athletes’ experiences were also used to discuss the results. An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling using Bi-factorial was employed to assess the factor structure. For the total participants, 49 situations were perceived as distress and 28 as eustress. Using the criteria established a priori, the distribution was among the five categories in the remaining 32 situations. Differences in perception between less and more experienced players were found in 11 situations. The results revealed that Brazilian professional soccer players experience various stressful situations. These events are important representations of environmental demands and could predict the performance as they are perceived as eustress or distress. Some of these stressful situations are inherent in sport and others adjacent to the sports system or environment. Coach pressure to win and conflicts with teammates are examples of stressors in-sport, family problems and disputes with press or fans are examples of stressors external to the team, also called peripheral opponents, and showed the relative social influence of significant others in soccer performance. We can conclude that the knowledge of the direction of a given stress situation has important practical implications in preparing athletes and helping them face the performance stressors that are part of soccer daily life. (shrink)

BackgroundCo-creation allows to develop tailored interventions in chronicity and to increase patients’ engagement. Considering the interacting nature of physical, psychological, and social domains in multiple sclerosis, a biopsychosocial approach to care is crucial.AimsThis paper aims to present an example of a co-creation process in the context of chronic diseases preferences and perspectives of young adults with multiple sclerosis and healthcare professionals on the relevance, objectives, and modalities of a biopsychosocial intervention and on strategies/barriers to participation.MethodsA participatory mixed-method approach in three (...) consecutive steps was implemented: online surveys with YawMS and HCPs, online focus groups with YawMS, consultation with an advisory board composed by YawMS, HCPs and researchers. For the survey, descriptive statistics and inductive content analysis have been used for quantitative and qualitative analysis, respectively. FGs and AB were used to deepen the understanding of the survey’s results.ResultsAn integrated intervention is extremely relevant according to the perspectives of the main stakeholders. Helping disease acceptance, providing stress management strategies, and supporting emotional expression emerged as the most relevant psychological objectives according to participants. Having tangible benefits, being tailored, and fostering interpersonal relationships emerged as the main preferred characteristics of physical activity. Preferences emerged on the modalities and timing of the intervention, with a venue unrelated to the disease strongly supported. Both HCPs and YawMS highlighted as the most valuable advantages of conducting the intervention online the increased accessibility, while the main limit was the restriction to social interaction. Accessibility and lack of time resulted as the main barriers to participation.ConclusionThe co-creation process gave valuable information on preferences and perspectives of main stakeholders on objectives, modalities, and strategies to improve participation which has been used in the design of the ESPRIMO biopsychosocial intervention. Those results might inform future intervention development in the field of chronicity. The current paper outlined a co-creation methodology which might be replicated in future research on other conditions of vulnerability. (shrink)

O presente trabalho é resultado da pesquisa­ação realizado pelo grupo PIBID­ Sociologia de Marília. A pesquisa encontra­se em andamento e tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de atividades didático­pedagógicas para o ensino de Sociologia com estudantes do Ensino Médio, bem como de materias didático de apoio, baseados na teoria Histórico­Cultural, com especial ênfase em Leontiev (a partir da Teoria da Atividade). Com a perspectiva de melhor compreender os trabalhos realizados, seguem­se as análises com a utilização das contribuições de Galperin (com a (...) Teoria da Formação por Etapa das Ações Mentais). O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa se faz necessário, entre muitas coisas, devido a não consolidação da disciplina nas grades curriculares brasileiras, o que levou a uma escassez de acúmulos de materiais nessa área do conhecimento. Dessa forma, o texto apóia­ se nesses autores, tendo como base a formação de conceitos a partir das ações objetivas dos seres humanos – neste caso os estudantes. Ele sustenta, ainda, que a educação e o processo de ensino/aprendizagem só poderão cumprir o papel de propulsora do desenvolvimento humano, quando esse processo se der a partir da ação intencional dos sujeitos, de maneira a fazer com que os mesmos, se apropriem e ressignifiquem o conceito/conhecimento histórico­socialmente criado, que lhes seja necessário. (shrink)

In a previous study we examined reading, spelling, and maths skills in an unselected group of 129 Italian children attending fifth grade by testing various cognitive predictors; results showed a high degree of predictors’ selectivity for each of these three behaviors. In the present study, we focused on the specificity of the predictors by performing cross-analyses on the same dataset; i.e., we predicted spelling and maths skills based on reading predictors, reading based on maths predictors and so on. Results indicated (...) that some predictors, such as the Orthographic Decision and the Arithmetic Facts tests, predicted reading, spelling and maths skills in similar ways, while others predicted different behaviors but only for a specific parameter, such as fluency but not accuracy, and still others were specific for a single behavior. To interpret these results, we propose a novel model of learning skills separately considering factors in terms of competence, performance and acquisition. Reading, spelling and calculation skills would depend on the development of discrete and different abstract competences. By contrast, overlap among behaviors would be accounted for by defective acquisition in automatized responses to individual “instances”; this latter skill is item specific but domain independent. Finally, performance factors implied in task’s characteristics may contribute to the partial association among learning skills. It is proposed that this new model may provide a useful base for interpreting the diffuse presence of comorbidities among learning disorders. (shrink)

Background: Frailty is a common syndrome among older adults and patients with several comorbidities. Grip strength is a representative parameter of frailty because it is a valid indicator of current and long-term physical conditions in the general population and patients with severe mental illnesses. Physical and cognitive capacities of people with SMIs are usually impaired; however, their relationship with frailty or social functioning have not been studied to date. The current study aimed to determine if GS is a valid predictor (...) of changes in cognitive performance and social functioning in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and SMIs. Methods: Assessments of social functioning, cognitive performance, and GS were conducted in 30 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 35 with major depressive disorder, 42 with bipolar disorder, 30 with schizophrenia, and 28 healthy controls, twice during 1-year, follow-up period. Descriptive analyses were conducted using a one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables and the chi-squared test for categorical variables. Differences between groups for the motor, cognitive, and social variables at T1 and T2 were assessed using a one-way analysis of covariance, with sex and age as co-variates. To test the predictive capacity of GS at baseline to explain the variance in cognitive performance and social functioning at T2, a linear regression analysis was performed. Results: Predictive relationships were found among GS when implicated with clinical, cognitive, and social variables. These relationships explained changes in cognitive performance after one year of follow-up; the variability percentage was 67.7%, in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and 89.1% in patients with schizophrenia. Baseline GS along with other variables, also predicted changes in social functioning in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, with variability percentages of 67.3, 36, and 59%, respectively. Conclusion: GS combined with other variables significantly predicted changes in cognitive performance and social functioning in people with SMIs or type-2 diabetes mellitus. Interventions aimed to improve the overall physical conditions of patients who have poor GS could be a therapeutic option that confers positive effects on cognitive performance and social functioning. (shrink)

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa promotes psychological distress in caregivers who adopt different coping strategies. Dysfunctional caregiving styles exacerbate further distress in the patient promoting the maintenance of the illness. We aimed to assess the possible contribution of personality traits of caregivers to the adoption of different coping strategies to deal with the affected relative.MethodsAbout 87 adolescents with AN were recruited. Their parents completed the Family Coping Questionnaire for Eating Disorders and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. Differences between mothers and fathers were assessed (...) through the independent sample t-test. Multivariate regression analyses were run to assess if personality traits, the occurrence of psychiatry conditions in the parents, the marital status, and the duration of the illness predicted parental coping strategies.ResultsThe group of mothers showed higher levels of avoidance and seeking for information coping strategies than the sample of fathers. Lower illness duration predicted higher collusion with the illness in both parents. Harm avoidance, cooperativeness, and self-directedness positively predicted parental coercion, collusion, and seeking for information strategies with some differences between mothers and fathers.DiscussionIllness duration and personality traits of parents affect the type of parental coping strategies developed to face AN in adolescents. These variables should be considered in the assessment of families of adolescents with AN and may be addressed to promote more fine-tuned clinical interventions for caregivers. (shrink)

The informed consent is an ethical and legal requirement for potential participants to enroll in a study. There is ample of evidence that understanding consent information and enrollment is challenging for participants in clinical trials. On the other hand, the reasoning process behind decision-making in HIV clinical trials remains mostly unexplored. This study aims to examine the decision-making process of people living with HIV currently participating in antiretroviral clinical trials and their understanding of informed consent. We conducted a qualitative socio-constructivist (...) study using semi-structured interviews. Eleven participants were selected by purposive sampling in Argentina until data saturation was reached. A content analysis was performed. The findings highlight the fact that some participants decided to enroll on the spot, while others made the decision a few days later. In all cases, the decision was based on different aspects of trust (in doctors, in the clinical research site, in the clinical trials system) but also on emotions associated with HIV and/or treatment. Moreover, while people living with HIV felt truly informed after the consent dialogue with a researcher, consent forms were unintelligible and unfriendly. The immediacy of patient decision-making has rarely been described before. Enrollment in an HIV clinical trial is mainly a trust-based decision but this does not contradict the ethical values of autonomy, voluntariness, non-manipulation, and non‐exploitation. Thus, trust is a key issue to be included in reshaping professional practices to ensure the integrity of the informed consent process. (shrink)

O presente texto traz uma breve abordagem sobre a morte e a questão da indestrutibilidade do Ser a partir de uma análise da obra O mundo como Vontade e Representação, do filósofo Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) e outros textos de apoio. Schopenhauer aborda a morte como natural, intrinsicamente ligada a vida, e que a mesma não é um mal para o homem e nem representa perigo para a espécie humana, por isso, não deveríamos temê-la, mas encará-la com serenidade, visto que a (...) morte não é o fim absoluto, mas apenas o retorno do indivíduo para a natureza. O filósofo pontua que o Ser é indestrutível e que, após a morte, permanecerá presente por meio da vontade nos seres que continuam vivos. O que se perde com a morte é apenas a individualidade; a matéria, jamais a essência do Ser. Cada Ser que morre, nasce um novo em uma matéria diferente, porém com a mesma essência do que se fora, por isso o Ser em si, e por essência, não morre por ser indestrutível. Desta forma, o homem não pode viver sem pensar na morte, sendo necessário refletir sobre a finitude para viver o presente, sendo que é apenas no presente que a vontade se manifesta. Resumo: O presente texto traz uma breve abordagem sobre a morte e a questão da indestrutibilidade do Ser a partir de uma análise da obra O mundo como Vontade e Representação, do filósofo Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) e outros textos de apoio. Schopenhauer aborda a morte como natural, intrinsicamente ligada a vida, e que a mesma não é um mal para o homem e nem representa perigo para a espécie humana, por isso, não deveríamos temê-la, mas encará-la com serenidade, visto que a morte não é o fim absoluto, mas apenas o retorno do indivíduo para a natureza. O filósofo pontua que o Ser é indestrutível e que, após a morte, permanecerá presente por meio da vontade nos seres que continuam vivos. O que se perde com a morte é apenas a individualidade; a matéria, jamais a essência do Ser. Cada Ser que morre, nasce um novo em uma matéria diferente, porém com a mesma essência do que se fora, por isso o Ser em si, e por essência, não morre por ser indestrutível. Desta forma, o homem não pode viver sem pensar na morte, sendo necessário refletir sobre a finitude para viver o presente, sendo que é apenas no presente que a vontade se manifesta. (shrink)

Objective: Illness perceptions are important predictors of emotional and behavioral responses in many diseases. The current study aims to investigate the COVID-19-related IP throughout Europe. The specific goals are to understand the temporal development, identify predictors and examine the impacts of IP on perceived stress and preventive behaviors.Methods: This was a time-series-cross-section study of 7,032 participants from 16 European countries using multilevel modeling from April to June 2020. IP were measured with the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Temporal patterns were observed (...) considering the date of participation and the date recoded to account the epidemiological evolution of each country. The outcomes considered were perceived stress and COVID-19 preventive behaviors.Results: There were significant trends, over time, for several IP, suggesting a small decrease in negativity in the perception of COVID-19 in the community. Age, gender, and education level related to some, but not all, IP. Considering the self-regulation model, perceptions consistently predicted general stress and were less consistently related to preventive behaviors. Country showed no effect in the predictive model, suggesting that national differences may have little relevance for IP, in this context.Conclusion: The present study provides a comprehensive picture of COVID-19 IP in Europe in an early stage of the pandemic. The results shed light on the process of IP formation with implications for health-related outcomes and their evolution. (shrink)

The rating of perceived exertion can be used to monitor the exercise intensity during laboratory and specific tests, training sessions, and to estimate the internal training load of the athletes. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a specific pictorial perceived exertion scale for soccer players called GOAL Scale. The pictorial GOAL Scale was validated for twenty under-17 soccer players. In the validation phase, the athletes were evaluated in a progressive protocol involving stimuluses of 3 min (...) with 1 min for the rest into the stages until the voluntary exhaustion in Maximal Cardiopulmonary Effort Test, and in the Yo Yo Intermittent Recovery Test – Level 1. The RPE identified by the GOL Scale, by the Borg Scale 6 – 20 and by the Cavasini Scale, as well as the heart rate, perceptual of the heart rate and the blood lactate concentration were immediately evaluated after each stage of both tests. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used. Construct scale validity was examined by regressing GOAL Scale against Borg Scale 6 – 20 and Cavasini Scale and concurrent scale validity was investigated by regressing GOAL Scale against HR, beats/min and blood lactate concentration during two progressive tests. There was a significant correlation values of the GOAL Scale with Borg Scale, Cavasini Scale, %HRmax, HR and lactate during tests. The results evidenced concurrent and construct validity of the GOAL Scale across a wide range of exercise intensity. The absence of verbal anchors makes the use of this instrument to soccer, futsal and beach soccer athletes of different languages and different literacy levels possible. (shrink)

The SSIS SEL Brief Scales are multi-informant measures that were developed to efficiently assess the SEL competencies of school-age youth in the United States. Recently, the SSIS SELb was translated into multiple languages for use in a multi-site study across six European countries. The purpose of the current study was to examine concurrent and predictive evidence for the SEL Composite scores from the translated versions of the SSIS SELb Scales. Results indicated that SSIS SELb Composite scores demonstrated expected positive concurrent (...) and predictive relationships with scores from the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and negative relationships with scores from the problem behavior scales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Although there were a few exceptions, these patterns generally were consistent across informants and samples providing initial validity evidence for the Composite score from the translated versions of the SSIS SELb Scales. Limitations and future research directions are discussed. (shrink)

The coronavirus disease pandemic fundamentally disrupted humans’ social life and behavior. Public health measures may have inadvertently impacted how people care for each other. This study investigated prosocial behavior, its association well-being, and predictors of prosocial behavior during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and sought to understand whether region-specific differences exist. Participants from eight regions clustering multiple countries around the world responded to a cross-sectional online-survey investigating the psychological consequences of the first upsurge of lockdowns in spring 2020. Prosocial behavior (...) was reported to occur frequently. Multiple regression analyses showed that prosocial behavior was associated with better well-being consistently across regions. With regard to predictors of prosocial behavior, high levels of perceived social support were most strongly associated with prosocial behavior, followed by high levels of perceived stress, positive affect and psychological flexibility. Sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of prosocial behavior were similar across regions. (shrink)

Reseña de Villada Gil, María Isabel (2022). ¡Nuestras Manos son Memoria! Participación en Procesos de Memoria de la Comunidad Sorda: Una Mirada al Proyecto Artístico y Formativo de la Rueda Flotante de la Ciudad de Medellín entre los años 2016-2018. Tesis para optar por el grado de Magister en Historia y Memoria.