We define proof nets for cyclic multiplicative linear logic as edge bi-coloured graphs. Our characterization is purely graph theoretical and works without further complication for proof nets with cuts, which are usually harder to handle in the non-commutative case. This also provides a new characterization of the proof nets for the Lambek calculus (with the empty sequence) which simply are a restriction on the formulas to be considered (which are asked to be intuitionistic).

This work is devoted to the relations between Lambek’s Syntactic Calculus and noncommutative variants of Girard’s Linear Logic; in particular the paper will consider: the geometrical representation of the laws of LC by means of proof-nets; the discovery - due to such a geometrical representation - of some laws of LC not yet considered; the discussion of possible linguistic uses of these new laws.

Hilbert's conference lectures during the year 1922, Neuebegründung der Mathematik. Erste Mitteilung and Die logischen Grundlagen der Mathematik (both are published in (Hilbert [1935] 1965) pp. 157-195), contain his first public presentation of an axiom system for propositional logic, or at least for a fragment of propositional logic, which is largely influenced by the study on logical woks of Frege and Russell during the previous years.The year 1922 is at the beginning of Hilbert's foundational program in its definitive form. The (...) final public presentation by Hilbert of an axiom system for propositional logic is contained in the 1934 book Grundlagen der Mathematik, I (Hilbert and Bernays [1934] 1968). Sequent .. (shrink)

The experience of organizing the educational process during the quarantine caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is considered. Using of interactive technologies that allow organizing instant audio communication with a remote audience, as well as intelligent tools based on artificial intelligence that can help educational institutions to work more efficiently. Examples of sufficient use of artificial intelligence in distance learning are given. Particular attention is paid to the development of intelligent chatbots intended for use in communications with students of online courses (...) of educational web portals. The use of technologies of ontology formation based on automatic extraction of concepts from external sources is offered, what can lead to greater acceleration of construction of the intellectual component of chatbots. Artificial intelligence tools can become an essential part of distance learning during this global COVID-19 pandemic. While educational institutions are closed to quarantine and many of them transitioned to distance learning lecturers and schoolteachers, as well as students and schoolchildren faced with the necessity to study in this new reality. The impact of these changes depends on people's ability to learn and on the role that the education system will play in meeting the demand for quality and affordable training. The experience of organizing the educational process at the University of Education Management of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine in the quarantine caused by the COVID-19 pandemic showed that higher and postgraduate institutions were mostly ready to move to distance learning. However, most distance learning systems, on whatever platform they are organized, need to be supplemented: the ability to broadcast video, providing fast transmission of various types of information, receiving instant feedback when voting, polls and more. The structure of each section of the training course for the online learning system should fully cover the training material and meet all the objectives of the course. Appropriate language should be used, and wording, syntax, and presentation of tasks should be considered. One of the areas of application of artificial intelligence technologies in online learning is the use of chatbots which are characterrized by the following properties. It is advisable to use computer ontologies to ensure the intellectualization of chatbots. In this case, the metadata must be understandable to both humans and software and meet the requirements of modern standards in the field of information technology. The extraction of concepts from external data sources was carried out to build the ontology. (shrink)

Издание представляет результаты исследования малоизученной темы социально-экономических доктрин консерватизма. Оно отражает их развитие от времени выражения их в виде утопий, погруженных в более общие социально-философские и политические учения.

This article presents a novel full-reference image quality assessment algorithm by depicting the sub-band characteristics in the wavelet domain. The proposed image quality assessment method is based on energy estimation in the wavelet-transformed image. Image QA is achieved by applying a multilevel wavelet decomposition on both the original and the enhanced image. Next, the wavelet energy and vector are computed to obtain the percentage of the energy that corresponds to the approximation and the details, respectively. Further, the approximate and detailed (...) energy levels of both the original and the enhanced images are compared to formulate an image quality assessment. Numerous experiments are conducted on a dozen of image enhancement algorithms. The results presented show that the image with poor contrast in the foreground than the background has continuous regular coefficient values. The probability density function for such an image has a relatively lower WE and skewness compared with the background. The proposed scheme not only evaluates the global information of an image but also estimates the fine, detailed changes in an enhanced image. Thus, the proposed metric serves as an objective and effective FR criterion for color image QA. The experimental results presented confirm that the proposed WE metric is an efficient and useful metric for evaluating the quality of the color image enhancement. (shrink)

В книге большое внимание занимает рассмотрение сущностных черт самого сложностного мышления и тех возможностей, которые оно открывает при анализе процессов глобализации, проблем биоэтики, экономики, инженерной науки. Для специалистов.

Kant, Immanual was a German philosopher, the founder of German classical idealism, born in the city of Koenigsberg . Upon graduation from the university there , he became a private tutor. In 1755 he became privatdozent and in 1770 professor at Koenigsberg University. His development as a philosopher may be divided into two periods — the precritical , and the critical, when he undertook the criticism of reason, set forth in Kritik der reinen Vernunft , Kritik der praktischen Vernunft , (...) and Kritik der Urteilskraft. (shrink)

The proposed article is devoted to the description of an intelligent urban passenger transport system based on unmanned electric vehicles, sequentially moving along a separate line. This system is a passenger transport system of a new urban mobility, formed under the influence of social conditions generated by high population density in cities, that suppose the development of pedestrian zones and ecological modes of transport, "transport as a service", etc. In this historical context, public transport systems acquire special relevance. The described (...) transport system belongs to intelligent systems, since it is capable of functioning in autonomous mode without human intervention, adaptively responding to changes in the dynamics of the flow of passengers during the day. Passengers are transported by electric cars, which can be combined into cassettes according to the principle of road trains based on the transportation plan drawn up by the intelligent center of the transport system according to the matrix of correspondences, filled in taking into account the incoming requests for service from passengers. When drawing up a transportation plan, the algorithms of the transport system give preference to transportation according to the "source-destination" principle, that is, when the passenger goes to the destination with a minimum number of intermediate stops, and ideally without them. The paper formulates also a criterion of arising of a conflict in the movement of vehicles, which allows to identify situations when an electric vehicle driving in front can detain vehicles following after. The work has relevance because the criterion will allow to make adjustments in the schedule of movement of vehicles and exclude the loss of time and energy that carries the transport system during braking and acceleration of electric cars, as well as to reduce waiting time and travel of passengers. (shrink)

The paper addresses the use of heterogeneous ensembles of intelligent unmanned vehicles in such a perspective field of innovations as an unmanned fishery. The issues of joint activity of unmanned vehicles of different types in fishing operations based on intelligent technologies are investigated. The “smart fishing” approach based on the joint fishing operation model is proposed. The operational framework that includes missions, roles, and activity scenarios embedded in the discretized spatial model is presented. The scenario activities are considered as the (...) sequences of pentad that determine executing specific functions concerning the specified waypoint, timepoints, and the states of vehicles. The definition of the plan as the scenario prototype that needs adjusting to the conditions of the situational context is proposed. The coordination problem regarding the joint activities of the unmanned vehicles and their scenarios is defined and the coordination framework based on the distributed common board model and coordination primitives is presented. The prototype of the intelligent scenario-based system including the implementation of both operational and coordination frameworks developed for the control of unmanned vehicles is described. This system makes unmanned vehicles capable to absorb all the latest advances in intelligent technologies to perform smart fishing operations jointly in a large heterogeneous group. The proposed approach to smart fishing using intelligent technologies makes it possible to detach fishermen from the fishing activities dangerous to their life and health, to reduce significantly poaching and illegal fishing, to increase the overall efficiency of fishing operations, and even to save the marine ecosystem. (shrink)

The author examines the single topic approach to the construction of introductory philosophy courses. The author considers the single topic approach to be an alternative to more historically- and topically-based approaches. The traditional approach to philosophy is often broad and difficult for students to engage with in classroom discussion. A narrow and detailed treatment of a standard area or topic facilitates classroom discussion and allows students to transfer insights and skills in areas of their own disciplines. The author outlines a (...) methodology that treats philosophical texts in an interdisciplinary context, which emphasizes to students that philosophy is not a detached field of study. (shrink)

Chastʹ I. Ėsteticheskie uchenii︠a︡ filosofov antichnogo mira -- Chastʹ II. Iskusstvo v suzhdenni︠a︡kh pisateleĭ antichnogo mira.

Монография предназначена для специалистов в области социальной философии, социологии и истории, а также для широкого круга читателей.

Cuprins INTRODUCERE EXCURSIVĂ 5 CAPITOLUL I SECRETUL CA TEMA A UNEI ANALIZE DE FILOSOF1E APLICATA ...9 Preliminarii 9 /. Schiţa ideii de „aplicare" a fiiosofiei şi a unei „filosofii aplicate" 10 //. Tematica secretului 27 Excurs: Despre temati-are 28 CAPITOL Uli^T) _ ANALIZA CATEGORIALA Şl SECRETUL 40 /. Filosofía aplicată şi analiza categorială 40 //. Secretul şi structura lui categorială 6,5, Excurs: Secret - Privat - Public 70 CAPITOLUL III SECRETUL ŞI SOCIALISMUL 76 Excurs: Fonduri secrete sau fonduri interzise? 90 (...) CAPITOLUL IV FENOMENOLOGIA EXISTENŢIALĂ A SECRETULUI - TENTATIVE DE DIALOG CU MARTIN HEIDEGGER 113 Excurs: Nimicul, Secretul şi Misterul 158 CAPITOLUL V „FOSTELE" SECRETE - „FOSTITATE" ŞI TRECUT 179 Excurs: Despre NICICÂND şi NICIODATĂ 1) Expunerea temporalităţii ..fenomenului culpei" la Heidegger 198 2) Analiza lui „nicicând" şi „niciodată" (nici-când-nici) 201 CAPITOLUL VI IPOSTAZELE SECRETULUI. COMPLOTUL. JURĂMÂNT ŞI SECRET ..229" Excurs: Despre jurământ 233 Excurs: Despre mască 248 APPENDLX: FILOSOFÍA APLICATA ŞI ÎNTREBAREA DESPRE EXISTENŢA Şl POSIBILITATEA FILOSOFULOR NAŢIONALE 258 RESUME 272. (shrink)

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Smirnov was born on March 2, 1931. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1954. From 1957 till 1961 he was a lecturer in philosophy and logic at the Tomsk University. Since 1961 his scientific activity continued in Moscow at the Institute of Philosophy of Academy of Sciences of the USSR. From 1970 and till the last days of his life V. A. Smirnov was lecturer and then Professor at the Chair of Logic at Moscow State University. V. (...) A. Smirnov played an important role at the Institute of Philosophy of Russian Academy of Sciences being the Head of Department of Epistemology, Logic and Philosophy of Science and Technology, and the Head of Section of Logic. Last years he was the leader of the Centre of Logical Investigations of Russsian Academy of Sciences. In 1990-91 he founded a new non-goverment Institute of Logic, Cognitive Sciences and Development of Personality for performing research, teaching, editorial and organization activity in the field of humanities. At the Department of Philosophy of Moscow State University and at the Institute of Philosophy V. A. Smirnov and his close colleagues have founded a Russian logical school which brought up many talented researchers who work at several scientific centres in various countries. (shrink)

Книга представляет собой исследование, где предпринимается попытка на основе детальной проработки первоисточников и воспроизведения основных ходов мысли и интуиций Гегеля и позднего Шеллинга провести сравнительный анализ их учений об абсолюте.

Ever since the extension systems based on Training and Visit (T&V) were started, first in Asia, and since 1981 in sub-Saharan Africa, there have been many writings about T&V. This article gives the various extension typologies possible, and places T&V in a broader perspective. The main message of the article is that the international institutions, donors and academia would, instead of spending their time and energy discussing what are essentially nonissues, serve the countries in the region much better by focusing (...) on areas where improvements should be made to their extension systems in order to enable them to tackle the future issues. (shrink)

В сборнике представлены очерки, герои которых - художники, философы, священнослужители, ученые, император Индии, французская крестьянка, Учитель Гималайского Братства и другие - сыграли немаловажную роль в земном творчестве Космической эволюции. Для широкого круга читателей.

Lead shot deposited in fields and woodlands near shooting rangesand intense, upland, hunting adds an enormous tonnage of lead toenvironments, worldwide. This contamination is not remedied bybanning lead shot use only for waterfowl hunting. Lead pelletsdisintegrate extremely slowly, during which time they may beingested from the soil by wild birds, livestock, or silage-makingmachinery, and cause sublethal or fatal lead poisoning. Leadpellet corrosion products contaminate soil, surface waters, andground waters, often exceeding permissible levels. Plants do notconcentrate much lead from the soil, (...) except when grown in acidicsoils of heavily-contaminated shooting ranges. Inheavily-contaminated sites, earthworms ingest leadcompounds which are bioaccumulated in higher consumersof food webs. Non-toxic substitutes made from steelor bismuth are available internationally and areeffective for all types of hunting and targetshooting. Many nations are slow to require their use,despite the marked awareness of the problems of leadshot contamination and toxicosis. This is due tohunters and international sport shooting organizationsopposing the use of non-toxic substitutes and overtemphasis by government agencies on the burden ofscientific proof for every situation, rather thantaking preventative action according to thePrecautionary Principle. The ethical approach ofDenmark and The Netherlands, which banned all uses oflead shot, is advocated as a precedent for othernations to adopt. (shrink)