In der anonym überlieferten Schrift Masā'il ʻAbdallāh ibn Salām (Die Fragen des ʻAbdallāh ibn Salām), befragt ein jüdischer Gelehrter den Propheten Muḥammad, um herauszufinden, ob dieser ein echter Prophet sei. Die Fragen sind mannigfaltig: Es geht um die Definition des Glaubens, die verschiedenen Arten der Offenbarungen, die Schöpfung der Welt und des Menschen, die Stellung von Mann und Frau in der Welt, die Engel, das Jüngste Gericht. Nachdem Muḥammad alle Fragen korrekt beantwortet hat, nimmt der Gelehrte den Islam an und (...) erhält vom Propheten den neuen Namen ʻAbdallāh ibn Salām (Diener Gottes, Sohn des Friedens).Der Text bietet eine praktische Zusammenfassung islamischer Lehren und volkstümlicher Traditionen und verbreitete sich deshalb sowohl innerhalb als auch ausserhalb der islamischen Welt. Er wurde u.a. ins Persische, Türkische, Urdu, Tamil und Malayische übersetzt. Im 12. Jahrhundert wurde er ausserdem unter dem Titel Doctrina Mahumet ins Lateinische übertragen, die spätere Grundlage für Übersetzungen in europäische Volkssprachen.Ulisse Cecini legt erstmals den arabischen Text in einer kritischen Edition mit deutscher Übersetzung und einer ausführlichen Einleitung zur Geschichte, Bedeutung und Überlieferung des Textes vor. Im Anhang findet man die kritische Edition und die deutsche Übersetzung der lateinischen Version Doctrina Mahumet, verfasst von Reinhold F. Glei und Concetta Finiello. (shrink)

This article describes the Ethics and Citizenship Program, a moral education project developed by the Brazilian government to promote education in ethics and citizenship in Brazilian fundamental and middle schools through four key themes: ethics, democratic coexistence, human rights and social inclusion. Some findings from a research project that investigated whether such a program did in fact promote the ethical and citizenship awareness of participating students are outlined. As an introduction to the paper's main concerns, the Brazilian socioeconomic context is (...) characterised, followed by a description of the historical background of moral education in Brazil. (shrink)

This essay explores the narratives of Claudio Magris and Amin Maalouf as a literature of identity, memory and testimony that seeks to foster social justice, dialogue and inclusivity in twenty-first-century Europe and the Mediterranean. In On Identity (Les Identités meurtrières, 1998) Maalouf investigates individual and collective identities, their elusive and treacherous dynamics, through a reflection that encompasses the Levant, the north-south Mediterranean divide and its endless permutations. Similarly, Magris’s fictional characters occupy liminal worlds in which identities contaminate, overlap, and often (...) dissolve, while exclusivist belonging reveals itself as a deceptive chimera. In Blindly (Alla cieca, 2006), Magris explores the legacy of twentieth-century destructive identitarian myths and presents an alternative history that derives from inhabiting alterity, in a process that makes his characters privileged interpreters of the past, often brothers and sisters of the subversive castaways of history. Maalouf’s Balthasar’s Odyssey (Le Périple de Baldassare, 2000) spans the Middle East and Europe and scrutinizes their respective fault lines and connective tissues that solicit transcultural and composite approaches to identity. Balthasar records his permanent alterity by unceasingly questioning and adapting his own perception of the self in an ever-changing world, at a time of impending catastrophe. From the vantage point of Mitteleuropa, Mediterranean Europe, and the Levant, considered not as independent geopolitical entities, but as interconnected, rhizomatic geopolitical networks, the works of Maalouf and Magris emphasize the need to give voice to “other” accounts of history, to question our identitarian assumptions and to nurture the European project, a fragile, but irreplaceable possibility for a shared future. (shrink)

O artigo, num primeiro momento, busca contextualizar as condições de surgimento do ensaio Dois poemas de Friedrich Hölderlin, de Benjamin, recorrendo a alguns fatos históricos, como a morte de seu amigo Fritz Heinle e Nobert von Hellingrath. Ligadas ao estopim da Primeira Guerra Mundial, tais mortes representam para Benjamin a morte de toda uma geração de jovens, na qual ele havia depositado toda a esperança de renascimento da cultura alemã. A leitura que faz de Hölderlin, nesse sentido, tem um fim (...) político, ao procurar combater uma interpretação esteticizante de seus poemas, influenciada pelo círculo de Stefan George. Num segundo momento, o artigo aprofunda a leitura do ensaio de Benjamin sobre Hölderlin, buscando definir o conceito de “poetificado” como conceito central de sua crítica de arte, evidenciando em que medida esse conceito lhe serve como contraposição às leituras provenientes do círculo de George, entre elas, a do próprio Hellingrath. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This article intends to study the concepts of forgetting and remembering in Kafka’s literature, based on Walter Benjamin’s interpretation. In addition to the well-known essay “Franz Kafka: on the tenth anniversary of his death”, other lesser-known essays by Benjamin on Kafka will also be covered, such as “Knight moral” and “Franz Kafka: On the construction of the Chinese wall”. The aim of the article is not only to expose Benjamin’s interpretation of Kafka, but also to show the extent to (...) which Kafka’s work illuminates central points of Benjamin’s thought, especially with regard to the categories of forgetfulness, remembrance, negativity and criticism of notion of progress. (shrink)

O presente texto procura identificar alguns padrões da leitura benjaminiana de Baudelaire e Hölderlin. Em ambos os poetas, Benjamin ressalta um mesmo tema: a crise da poesia lírica em tempos modernos de industrialização. Baudelaire e Hölderlin, segundo Benjamin, procuram transpor a forma poética lírica em uma poesia prosaica, mais afeita ao homem moderno citadino e industrial, marcado pelo embotamento da percepção por meio do trabalho da consciência e da memória voluntária. Somente o recurso à poesia prosaica e alegórica é capaz (...) de falar ao homem das grandes cidades. Num segundo momento, o texto procura trazer à tona alguns paralelos dessa interpretação com o teatro épico de Brecht. Aponta-se para a possibilidade de identificação do gênero da poesia prosaica com o gênero épico, no sentido de que este último visa igualmente a uma crítica da obra de arte como bela aparência. (shrink)

RESUMO Mudanças políticas têm intensificado os debates sobre como certos discursos estabelecem agendas e influenciam eleitores. Nesse escopo, a Análise Crítica do Discurso e a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, juntamente com o arcabouço teórico-metodológico da Avaliatividade, demonstraram ser bem-sucedidas na investigação da ideologia em textos, bem como na abordagem de tópicos como a polarização política. Portanto, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a avaliação social da Teoria da Avaliatividade como um dispositivo ideológico e persuasivo nos discursos de nomeação de Clinton e (...) Trump, em 2016. Os resultados enfatizam usos de estratégias retóricas que podem levar os eleitores à preferência de certos conjuntos de valores e crenças. A análise revelou que, naqueles discursos, os candidatos usaram estratégias diferentes para persuadir os eleitores, construindo abordagens discursivas ideológicas negativas e positivas, aplicando a avaliação social como estratégia retórica central. ABSTRACT Political changes have been intensifying debates about how certain discourses set agendas and influence voters. In this scope, Critical Discourse Analysis, Systemic-Functional Linguistics, and together with the theoretical and methodological framework of Appraisal have proved to be successful in investigating ideology in texts, as well as addressing topics such as political polarization. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the Appraisal’s social evaluation as an ideological and persuasive device in Clinton-Trump nomination speeches in 2016. Outcomes raise awareness over rhetorical strategies that can lead voters to the preference of certain sets of values & beliefs. Results revealed that then-candidates used different strategies to persuade electors by constructing negative and positive ideological discursive approaches by applying social evaluation as a pivotal rhetorical strategy in those speeches. (shrink)

La dialettica tra componenti ideali e materiali delinea in maniera evidente un oggetto medioevo che esiste solo come oggetto mentale, intenzionale, e per questo si presta a ogni possibile distorsione.

O texto procura reconstruir os principais momentos da crítica de Schelling à chamada teologia ortodoxa de Tübingen. Em sua correspondência com Hegel, bem como em seus textos de juventude, Schelling procura mostrar ao amigo por que essa sua crítica à teologia se liga ao fato de ele ter “se tornado um espinosista”, o que insere o debate na chamada querela do panteísmo, iniciada pelo livro de Jacobi sobre Espinosa. Embora, em sua maior parte, siga o caminho de Fichte na interpretação (...) da obra de Jacobi, Schelling ousa ir além do autor da Doutrina-da-ciência ao igualar Deus ao eu absoluto. (shrink)

O parágrafo 62 da Crítica do Juízo, cuja função é definir o conceito de conformidade a fins objetiva (objektive Zweckmässigkeit), começa com uma declaração do filósofo segundo a qual todas as figuras geométricas se relacionam com uma conformidade a fins objetiva e admirável. Embora não seja aqui essencial para a definição do princípio dessa conformidade a fins, a afirmação de Kant de que ela é muitas vezes digna de admiração exerce um importante papel para a sua própria definição. O objetivo (...) deste texto é tecer algumas considerações em torno dessa relação entre o princípio estritamente lógico da conformidade a fins e o sentimento em geral, seja de admiração da natureza, ou em todas as suas variações, tais como aparece na sequência do mesmo parágrafo 62: o entusiasmo, a alegria e a estupefação. Embora de antemão se reconheça que tais sentimentos não podem intervir no mecanismo estritamente lógico desse princípio, que, segundo Kant, é transcendental, pretende-se mostrar como o seu uso relaciona-se sempre e de algum modo com um sentimento. Para isso, é preciso mostrar que a afirmação de Kant segundo a qual o juízo teleológico não possui nenhuma relação com o sentimento de prazer e desprazer não implica necessariamente que esse tipo de juízo não possua relação nenhuma como nenhum tipo de sentimento. (shrink)

RESUMO O artigo pretende mostrar como o esforço de Benjamin no sentido de fundar uma nova crítica de arte remonta ao mesmo tempo ao primeiro Romantismo de Iena e à Filosofia de Hegel. Enquanto Hegel proclama o fim da estética e da obra de arte tradicional, os românticos, na figura de F. Schlegel e Novalis, apontam para a continuação de um discurso filosófico da arte que prescinde dos pressupostos tradicionais, utilizando-se de conceitos tais como crítica imanente e médium-de-reflexão. A partir (...) disso, o artigo procura mostrar como essa dupla herança permanece ao longo das principais obras de Benjamin, com destaque para o “Drama trágico alemão” e a obra das “Passagens”, em cujo centro se situa o conceito de montagem. Por fim, recorrendo à influência marxista, o texto esboça algumas consequências políticas dessa crítica de arte que, desenvolvida desde a juventude, permanece nos textos de maturidade. ABSTRACT The article aims to show how Benjamin's effort to found a new art criticism goes back to the first romanticism of Iena and to Hegel's philosophy. While Hegel proclaims the end of aesthetics and of the traditional work of art, the romantics, in the figure of F. Schlegel and Novalis, point to the continuation of a philosophical art discourse that ignores the traditional presuppositions, using concepts such as immanent criticism and medium-of-reflection. Based on that, this article seeks to show how this double heritage remains throughout the main works of Benjamin, especially the “German Tragic Drama” and the work of the “Passages”, at the center of which is the concept of montage. Finally, resorting to Marxist influence, the text outlines some political consequences of this art criticism that, developed from youth, remains in the texts of maturity. (shrink)

RESUMO: Partindo de uma leitura da peça Um inimigo do povo, de Ibsen, o presente texto procurará definir o livre-pensador como aquele que se opõe ao pensamento ou aos pensamentos dominantes, ousando pensar por si próprio. Ao fazê-lo, o livre-pensador se sacrifica, cometendo uma espécie de suicídio, proveniente de seu amor incondicional pela sua comunidade. A partir da definição de Ibsen, o artigo procurará alguns exemplos na história do pensamento que a corroborem, como Sócrates, Galileu e Espinosa. No caso da (...) arte, o texto tecerá algumas considerações acerca da transposição dessa condição do livre-pensador para o teatro, como acontece com o Galileu, de Brecht, e A morte de Empédocles, de Hölderlin. Ao final do texto, pretende-se mostrar que também Nietzsche possui uma concepção a respeito do livre-pensador, o qual deve se tornar atemporal e póstumo. ABSTRACT: Starting from a reading of Ibsen's An Enemy of the People, the present text will seek to define the free thinker as one who opposes the dominant thinking or thoughts, daring to think for himself. In doing so, the free thinker sacrifices himself, committing a kind of suicide out of his unconditional love for his community. Based on Ibsen's definition, the article seeks examples in the history of thought that corroborate this idea, as in the cases of Socrates, Galileo and Spinoza. The text will make some considerations about the transposition of this condition of the freethinker to the theater, as in Brecht's Galileo and Hölderlin's The Death of Empedocles. At the end of the article, we pretend to show that Nietzsche also had a conception of the free thinker as one who must become timeless and posthumous. (shrink)

This article Theology at the University wants to be an itinerary for the understanding the role of Theology and for maintaining the efficient dialogue with the society in which we live and we are in. It is a reason for joy and hope having PUC in São Paulo. Under the light of the Scripture, the Magisterium of the Church and the Apostolic Tradition and inserted into the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, the Faculty of Theology Nossa Senhora da Assunção (...) ensures the firm dialogue with the world. In tune with the Church Unique, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic, Theology provides a secure service to society. Competent in its knowledge, the Theology contributes with the university. It is a favorable time to partnership of knowledge for the common good. (shrink)

Os padres claretianos estiveram reunidos, em julho de 2014, na cidade paulista de Jundiaí, por ocasião dos preparativos do Capítulo Provincial, ocorrido em 2015. Inspirados ‘nas alegrias e nas esperanças, nas tristezas e nas angústias’ apresentadas na Constituição Pastoral GS, n 1, do Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II, os capitulares foram às Fontes do nascimento e do carisma da Congregação. Vivendo as salutares motivações dos 120 anos de presença em terras brasileiras, celebradas em 2015, propuseram estudar a Exortação Apostólica Evangelii Gaudium (...) do Papa Francisco, para entender melhor os desafios pastorais como claretianos na Igreja de Cristo Jesus presente no Brasil e lançaram-se na proposta apresentada pelo Pontífice sobre a Igreja em saída. O Artigo ‘Claretianos e os desafios pastorais – Igreja em saída’ faz parte da minha colaboração aos padres capitulares, que reunidos, buscaram metas e perspectivas, para a presença transformadora e evangelizadora como claretianos no Brasil. (shrink)

From the convocation of the Gospel, proclaimed by Jesus Christ in Palestine in the 1st century, the outskirts of the Roman Empire, to Pope Francis proposal in announcing it to the existential and geographical peripheries. How to understand the convocation of Jesus Christ to his church? How to understand Pope Francis ecclesiology: Church that goes forth? To dynamize and proclaim the wonders of the Kingdom of God, Christ Jesus built his Church over the Apostles, having Peter as the one responsible (...) for its unit. The Pope has not been saying anything new, but has presented the eternal words of Christ Jesus as something new. The Pontiff brings dynamism and joy to the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. (shrink)

Ministry of Priests – the Church in the 19th century aims to be an analysis of the Church positions in relation to their Priests. The scope of this paper intends to know the ministerial life of the priests who were allied to the Church and lived in the period of the Catholic Reformation on the eve of the festivities of his Conciliar Golden Jubilee. How to understand the Ministry of Priests in the Church in the 19th century? How to understand (...) the Catholic Reformation in Brazil? Recalling the 50 years of the Decree Presbyterorum Ordinis, promulgated in December 7, 1965, on the Ministry and Life of Priests, the Ecumenical Council Vatican II, how to realize the itinerary of the Church over the centuries? (shrink)

The PUC in São Paulo is a college of the Church and keeps the catholic identity. In the academic range, the university preserves its identity, ensures its autonomy in relation to the good of the Church and maintains a dialogue with society. Gospel values should be preserved for an efficient and mature scientific reflection. This article indicates the Apostolic Constitution of the Supreme Pontiff John Paul II, about the catholic universities, and presents the instruction on the Ecclesial Vocation of the (...) theologian of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. In fact, what is the contribution of the catholic university to society? What is the relationship between Revelation and Reason as an authentic and mature scientific reflection in PUC SP? How to understand catholic identity and university’s autonomy? (shrink)

The scope of this article is to present the Church Paulista in the 19th century, attentive to the needs of his time. She sought effective means to announce Jesus Christ. Formed the clergy to acting pastorally with the populations. On the challenges and marked by a desire to improve, Don Lino Deodato Rodrigues de Carvalho , outlined goals for evangelizing the Diocese. The São Paulo Church breathed the aspirations of society. The moment was of transformations and the Church sought to (...) ensure the eternal values. Changes of the time, but not the time of changes. Inserted in society the Church of São Paulo, under the episcopal priests formed look so well prepared on doctrine and discipline watchdogs ensure an increasingly face-to-face Dialogue. (shrink)

The end of Conciliarism was the Pope's return to Rome and the strengthening of the papacy in the West. The decline of the Roman Empire in the East with the fall of Constantinople in 1453 puts an end to the Medieval period and the emergence of the modern period of history and also of the Church. In the modern period of history began the European overseas expansionism and disintegrate the Church in Europe. The advent of the French revolution in 1789 (...) scored the beginning of Contemporary and Period marked definitely the Church as a prophetic sign living and proclaiming the joys and hopes in Christ Jesus to people with greater intensity. (shrink)

This article aims to present four case studies of the different responses to governmental measures to fight the COVID-19 pandemic by supreme and constitutional courts, especially in cases of jurisdictions that have been facing democratic erosion. The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic demanded immediate public policies and other political decisions from the branches of government. Executive authorities were the main actors in effecting constitutional public health norms. The expectation was that they will abide by the rule of law in fulfilling (...) their duties; that has not been the case under governments that promoted democratic erosion. The different contexts of the threats posed to the constitutional democracies led populist and illiberal leaders to opportunistically either try to—and then be contained by courts—or effectively consolidate the expansion of powers under the conditions of the pandemic. Concentrating on four jurisdictions (the USA, Hungary, El Salvador, and Brazil), the article demonstrates that courts can effectively work as bulwarks against waves of democratic erosion, especially in situations of stress, as it was the case in the global COVID-19 pandemic. This hypothesis is also proven by episodes in which courts did not sufficiently operate to curb illiberalism because they were already captured. The analyses enable classifying the court’s responses to the COVID-19 executive measures in a threefold pattern: deferential, restrictive, and of forced capitulation. (shrink)

O Artigo Episcopado Brasileiro em São Paulo – Unidade da Igreja no Brasil marca o itinerário da Igreja no Brasil no final do Século XIX. Como situar a sociedade brasileira no Século XIX? Como a Igreja reagiu ao Estado Republicano? Qual foi o papel do Romano Pontífice na Igreja no Brasil? A Reunião dos Bispos em São Paulo em 1890 sela a Unidade do Episcopado. O tema é oportuno quando pontuamos os 60 anos da CNBB (1952-2012) e os 50 anos (...) da Abertura do Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II (1962-2012). A Igreja é que Una tanto mais será luz para a sociedade se se apresentar Unida. (shrink)

O artigo enfoca o individualismo metodológico de Jon Elster e suas análises a respeito dos pré-compromissos constitucionais. O problema do trabalho diz respeito as possibilidade e limites da opção metodológica do autor para este debate no contexto dos regimes políticos democráticos. Para tanto, o texto analisa revisões feitas pelo próprio autor no decorrer da sua obra, como também objeções e críticas desenvolvidas a partir do referencial da Teoria Democrática contemporânea.

The hitherto neglected Pandechion epistemonicon, Ulisse Aldrovandi’s extant manuscript encyclopaedia, indicates that Renaissance naturalists did not necessarily apply the humanist jack-of-all-trades, the commonplace book, in their own field without considerably altering its form. Over many years the Italian natural historian tested and recombined different techniques to arrive at the form of paper technology that he considered to be the most fit for his purposes. Not all of these techniques were taught at school or university. Rather, Aldrovandi drew on administrative (...) practices as well as on the bookkeeping practices of early modern merchants that he knew first-hand. Reconstructing the formation and use of the Pandechion this article contributes to the historiography of learned reading and information management in Renaissance Europe. (shrink)

Abstract:Over more than thirty years the Bolognese botanist, natural historian, and physician Ulisse Aldrovandi compiled his Pandechion epistemonicon—a manuscript encyclopedia composed of pasted note slips drawn from books he was reading. This article examines the 580 slips that comprise Aldrovandi’s Pandechion entry on old age. The entry allows us to examine how an early modern physician and his intellectual community approached old age as an epistemological problem with medical, poetic, and spiritual dimensions. Aldrovandi’s engagement with old age in the (...) Pandechion presents a fluid set of disciplinary boundaries for how we understand old age in the past and present. (shrink)