Results for 'Tool making'

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  1.  14
    Reframing hunting, gathering, tool-making and art, as expressions of evolution of consciousness as depicted in Jean Gebser’s ‘the ever-present origin’.Fritz N. Ilongo - 2017 - HTS Theological Studies 73 (3).
    This article explores the evolution of consciousness as directly correlated to hunting, gathering, tool-making and art. The methodology is qualitative theoretical analyses, articulated around Jean Gebser’s seminal work, The Ever-Present Origin. Hunting and gathering are expressions of a magical, unitary, ‘self-dissolving’ consciousness. Tool-making on the other hand is depicted as evolving from a mythical consciousness of duality, polarity, symbolism and a state of being qualified by ‘crystallisation of the I’. Lastly, art is a function of a (...)
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  2. The cognitive ontogeny of tool making in children: The role of inhibition and hierarchical structuring.Gökhan Gönül, Ece Kamer Takmaz, Annette Hohenberger & Michael Corballis - 2018 - Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 1 (173):222-238.
    During the last decade, the ontogeny of tool making has received growing attention in the literature on tool-related behaviors. However, the cognitive demands underlying tool making are still not clearly understood. In this cross-sectional study of 52 Turkish preschool children from 3 to 6 years of age, the roles of executive function (response inhibition), ability to form hierarchical representations (hierarchical structuring), and social learning were investigated with the hook task previously used with children and animals. (...)
     
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  3.  38
    Is tool-making knowledge robust over time and across problems?Sarah R. Beck, Nicola Cutting, Ian A. Apperly, Zoe Demery, Leila Iliffe, Sonia Rishi & Jackie Chappell - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5:108248.
    In three studies, we explored the retention and transfer of tool-making knowledge, learnt from an adult demonstration, to other temporal and task contexts. All studies used a variation of a task in which children had to make a hook tool to retrieve a bucket from a tall transparent tube. Children who failed to innovate the hook tool independently saw a demonstration. In Study 1, we tested children aged 4 to 6 years (N = 53) who had (...)
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  4.  42
    Human tool-making capacities reflect increased information-processing capacities: Continuity resides in the eyes of the beholder.Kathleen R. Gibson - 2012 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35 (4):225-226.
    Chimpanzee/human technological differences are vast, reflect multiple interacting behavioral processes, and may result from the increased information-processing and hierarchical mental constructional capacities of the human brain. Therefore, advanced social, technical, and communicative capacities probably evolved together in concert with increasing brain size. Interpretations of these evolutionary and species differences as continuities or discontinuities reflect differing scientific perspectives.
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  5.  30
    Buy Local? Organizational Identity in the Localism Movement.Jay O’Toole & Michael P. Ciuchta - 2018 - Business and Society 57 (7):1481-1497.
    Localism is a social movement often associated with “buy local” food initiatives or the prevention of big-box retail expansion. At its core, however, localism is also about fostering local independence by encouraging businesses to opt for local alternatives when making purchasing decisions. In this article, we develop and test hypotheses that organizations with stronger community-oriented identities are more likely to source locally and that this relationship is moderated by the importance of the focal firm’s purchasing decisions. Results support the (...)
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  6. Joint and individual tool making in preschoolers: From social to cognitive processes.Gökhan Gönül, Annette Hohenberger, Michael Corballis & Annette M. E. Henderson - 2019 - Social Development 4 (28):1037-1053.
    Tool making has been proposed as a key force in driving the complexity of human material culture. The ontogeny of tool‐related behaviors hinges on social, representational, and creative factors. In this study, we test the associations between these factors in development across two different cultures. Results of Study 1 with 5‐to‐6‐year‐old Turkish children in dyadic or individual settings show that tool making is facilitated by social interaction, hierarchical representation, and creative abilities. Results of a second (...)
     
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  7. On Tools Making Minds: an Archaeological Perspective on Human Cognitive Evolution.Karenleigh A. Overmann & Thomas Wynn - 2019 - Journal of Cognition and Culture 19 (1-2):39-58.
    Using a model of cognition as extended and enactive, we examine the role of materiality in making minds as exemplified by lithics and writing, forms associated with conceptual thought and meta-awareness of conceptual domains. We address ways in which brain functions may change in response to interactions with material forms, the attributes of material forms that may cause such change, and the spans of time required for neurofunctional reorganization. We also offer three hypotheses for investigating co-influence and change in (...)
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  8. Demarginalizing Standpoint Epistemology.Briana Toole - 2022 - Episteme 19 (1):47-65.
    Standpoint epistemology, the view that social identity is relevant to knowledge-acquisition, has been consigned to the margins of mainstream philosophy. In part, this is because the principles of standpoint epistemology are taken to be in opposition to those which guide traditional epistemology. One goal of this paper is to tease out the characterization of traditional epistemology that is at odds with standpoint epistemology. The characterization of traditional epistemology that I put forth is one which endorses the thesis of intellectualism, the (...)
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  9. From Standpoint Epistemology to Epistemic Oppression.Briana Toole - 2019 - Hypatia 34 (4):598-618.
    Standpoint epistemology is committed to a cluster of views that pays special attention to the role of social identity in knowledge‐acquisition. Of particular interest here is the situated knowledge thesis. This thesis holds that for certain propositions p, whether an epistemic agent is in a position to know that p depends on some nonepistemic facts related to the epistemic agent's social identity. In this article, I examine two possible ways to interpret this thesis. My first goal here is to clarify (...)
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  10. Recent Work in Standpoint Epistemology.Briana Toole - 2021 - Analysis 81 (2):338-350.
    Within the last decade, burgeoning interest in the intersection of epistemology and social issues has generated a new set of research questions. These questions range from the relevance of social identity, to peer disagreement, to debates on the significance of moral considerations to epistemic evaluations, to discussions of our epistemic practices and how those practices exclude certain agents and certain bodies of knowledge. Central in this new and emerging body of work is the realization that epistemology has more to do (...)
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  11.  50
    Language and tool making are similar cognitive processes.Ralph L. Holloway - 2012 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35 (4):226-226.
    Design features for language and stone toolmaking (not tool use) involve similar if not homologous cognitive processes. Both are arbitrary transformations of internal symbolization, whereas non-human tool using is mostly an iconic transformation. The major discontinuity between humans and non-humans (chimpanzees) is language. The presence of stone tools made to standardized patterns suggests communicative and social control skills that involved language.
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  12. What Lies Beneath: The Epistemic Roots of White Supremacy.Briana Toole - 2021 - In Elizabeth Edenberg & Michael Hannon, Political Epistemology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 76-94.
    Our ability to dismantle white supremacy is compromised by the fact that we don’t fully appreciate what, precisely, white supremacy is. In this chapter, I suggest understanding white supremacy as an epistemological system – an epistemic frame that serves as the foundation for how we understand and interact with the world. The difficulty in dismantling an epistemological system lies in its resilience – a system’s capacity to resist change to its underlying structure while, at the same time, offering the appearance (...)
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  13. Waiting for Godot in Sarajevo: theological reflections on nihilism, tragedy, and apocalypse.David Toole - 1998 - Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
    In the summer of 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo, an event which led to the horror of World War I and which many historians suggest marked the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1992, Sarajevo again lurched into prominence as the focal point of one of the century’s bloodiest civil wars. Yet Sarajevo at one point epitomized the dreams of the Enlightenment, a city where Christians, Jews, and Muslims peacefully coexisted. In the midst of Sarajevo’s recent decline (...)
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  14.  59
    Forms and Knowledge in the ‘Theaetetus’.Edward J. O’Toole - 1970 - Philosophical Studies (Dublin) 19:102-118.
    OF all the things that Plato was, he was primarily a philosopher and a metaphysician. Should this statement seem merely to emphasize the obvious; then let us explain why so simple a statement should rate special mention. There have always been those who are too willing to look upon the author of the ‘Theory of Ideas’ as an artist, a mystic, a poet but not a metaphysician. In this view, Plato’s Ideas are understandable only through the analysis of the personality (...)
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  15.  30
    Making Tools and Planning Discourse: the Role of Executive Functions in the Origin of Language.Ines Adornetti - 2014 - Humana Mente 7 (27).
    In this article we propose that executive functions play a key role in the origin of language. Our proposal is based on the methodological assumption that some of the cognitive systems involved in language functioning are also involved in its phylogenetic origin. In this regard, we demonstrate that a key property of language functioning is discourse coherence. Such property is not dependent on grammatical elements but rather is processed by cognitive systems that are not specific for language, namely the executive (...)
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  16.  14
    Permaculture: Tools for Making Women’s Lives More Abundant.Maddy Harland - 2017 - Feminist Theology 25 (3):240-247.
    Permaculture is primarily a thinking tool for designing low carbon, highly productive systems. It originated in Australia in the 1970s and was conceived by Bill Mollison and David Holmgren as a response to the devastating effects of a temperate European agriculture on the fragile soils of an ancient antipodean landscape. Like the dust bowls of the Great Plains in the USA in the 1930s, an alien agriculture has the capacity to turn a delicately balanced ecology into desert. Their initial (...)
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  17.  81
    Applying an ethical decision-making tool to a nurse management dilemma.Orly Toren & Nurith Wagner - 2010 - Nursing Ethics 17 (3):393-402.
    This article considers ethical dilemmas that nurse managers may confront and suggests an ethical decision-making model that could be used as a tool for resolving such dilemmas. The focus of the article is on the question: Can nurse managers choose the ethically right solution in conflicting situations when nurses’ rights collide with patients’ rights to quality care in a world of cost-effective and economic constraint? Managers’ responsibility is to ensure and facilitate a safe and ethical working environment in (...)
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  18.  5
    Make an ethical difference: tools for better action.Mark Pastin - 2013 - San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
    We are plagued today by a decline in ethical behavior. Scandals come so thick and fast that any attempt to list them is out of date in weeks if not days. But ethics isn’t just a matter of headlines; it’s a part of everyone’s life. We’re called on to make ethical decisions, large and small, all the time. This can be particularly tricky in the workplace, where our decisions can affect not just ourselves but coworkers, clients, customers, and even the (...)
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  19.  75
    Making Room for Women in our Tools for Teaching Logic: A Proposal for Promoting Gender-Inclusiveness.Frederique Janssen-Lauret - 2015 - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Tools for Teaching Logic.
    Logic is one of the most male-dominated areas within the already hugely male-dominated subject of philosophy. Popular hypotheses for this disparity include a preponderance of confident, mathematically-minded male students in the classroom, the historical association between logic and maleness, and the lack of female role-models for students, though to date none of these have been empirically tested. In this paper I discuss the effects of various attempts to address these potential causes whilst teaching second-year formal and philosophical logic courses at (...)
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  20.  68
    A decision-making tool for building clinical ethics capacity among Irish health professionals.Louise Campbell & Joan McCarthy - 2017 - Clinical Ethics 12 (4):189-196.
    Although clinical ethics support services are becoming increasingly prevalent in Europe and North America, they remain an uncommon feature of the Irish healthcare system and Irish health professionals lack formal support when faced with ethically challenging cases. We have developed a variant on existing clinical ethics decision-making tools which is designed to build capacity and confidence amongst Irish practitioners and enable them to confront challenging situations in the absence of any dedicated support structure. The tool provided below follows (...)
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  21.  28
    What makes a good health ‘app’? Identifying the strengths and limitations of existing mobile application evaluation tools.Robin M. Dawson, Tisha M. Felder, Sara B. Donevant, Karen Kane McDonnell, Edward B. Card, Callie Campbell King & Sue P. Heiney - 2020 - Nursing Inquiry 27 (2):e12333.
    Research using mHealth apps has the potential to positively impact health care management and outcomes. However, choosing an appropriate mHealth app may be challenging for the health researcher. The author team used existing evaluation tools, checklists, and guidelines to assess selected mHealth apps to identify strengths, challenges, and potential gaps within existing evaluation tools. They identified specific evaluation tool components, questions, and items most effective in examining app content, usability, and features, including literacy demand and cultural appropriateness; technical information; (...)
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  22.  46
    Making the best use of primate tool use?James R. Anderson - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):551-552.
  23.  29
    A tool for the consensual analysis of decision-making scenarios.Geoffrey Hunt, Christine Merzeder & Iren Bischofberger - 2018 - Nursing Ethics 25 (3):359-375.
    The authors believe there is a need for novel ways of enhancing professional judgment and discretion in the contemporary healthcare environment. The objective is to provide a framework to guide a discursive analysis of an ongoing clinical scenario by a small group of healthcare professionals (4–12) to achieve consensual understanding in the decision-making necessary to resolve specific healthcare inadequacies and promote organisational learning. REPVAD is an acronym for the framework’s five decision-making dimensions of reasoning, evidence, procedures, values, attitudes (...)
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  24.  33
    Ethical decision-making interrupted: Can cognitive tools improve decision-making following an interruption?Cheryl Stenmark, Katherine Riley & Crystal Kreitler - 2020 - Ethics and Behavior 30 (8):557-580.
    Interruptions are often inevitable and occur many times in daily life (Ratwani & Trafton, 2010). Interruptions at work can disrupt progress on tasks and result in costly mistakes (Brumby, Cox, Back...
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  25. Making a Murderer: How Risk Assessment Tools May Produce Rather Than Predict Criminal Behavior.Donal Khosrowi & Philippe van Basshuysen - 2024 - American Philosophical Quarterly 61 (4):309-325.
    Algorithmic risk assessment tools, such as COMPAS, are increasingly used in criminal justice systems to predict the risk of defendants to reoffend in the future. This paper argues that these tools may not only predict recidivism, but may themselves causally induce recidivism through self-fulfilling predictions. We argue that such “performative” effects can yield severe harms both to individuals and to society at large, which raise epistemic-ethical responsibilities on the part of developers and users of risk assessment tools. To meet these (...)
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  26.  8
    Strategies, tools and models for making the church an inclusive community.Rebecca Samuel Shah - 1998 - Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 15 (4):30-31.
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  27.  26
    Primate tool use: Parsimonious explanations make better science.Elisabetta Visalberghi - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (3):608-609.
  28.  39
    Making tools isn’t child’s play.Sarah R. Beck, Ian A. Apperly, Jackie Chappell, Carlie Guthrie & Nicola Cutting - 2011 - Cognition 119 (2):301-306.
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  29.  47
    Making a Commitment to Ethics in Global Health Research Partnerships: A Practical Tool to Support Ethical Practice.Vic Neufeld, Kaosar Afsana, Jennifer Hatfield & Jill Murphy - 2015 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 12 (1):137-146.
    Global health research partnerships have many benefits, including the development of research capacity and improving the production and use of evidence to improve global health equity. These partnerships also include many challenges, with power and resource differences often leading to inequitable and unethical partnership dynamics. Responding to these challenges and to important gaps in partnership scholarship, the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research conducted a three-year, multi-regional consultation to capture the research partnership experiences of stakeholders in South Asia, Latin America, (...)
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  30. Making tools for thinking.Daniel C. Dennett - 2000 - In Dan Sperber, Metarepresentations: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. Oxford University Press USA. pp. 17--29.
  31.  12
    The Internet as a Tool for Public Policy-making: Assessing the Central State Initiative in Greece.Antonis Rovolis & Liza Tsaliki - 1999 - Communications 24 (3):255-276.
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  32.  98
    Thinking tools. Fallacy: Two wrongs make a right: Law thinking tools.Stephen Law - 2008 - Think 7 (19):71-71.
    Thinking tools is a regular feature that offers tips and pointers on thinking clearly and rigorously.
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  33. VCE International Politics: Making Sense of Australian Foreign Policy: 'Strategic Culture' as an Effective Teaching Tool?Michael O'Keefe - 2010 - Ethos: Social Education Victoria 18 (1):24.
     
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  34.  25
    “When You Make a Movie, and You See Your Story There, You Can Hold It”: Qualitative Exploration of Collaborative Filmmaking as a Therapeutic Tool for Veterans.Rivka Tuval-Mashiach, Benjamin W. Patton & Charles Drebing - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  35. Making universal time: tools of synchronization.Helge Jordheim - 2019 - In Hall Bjørnstad, Helge Jordheim & Anne Régent-Susini, Universal history and the making of the global. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
     
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  36.  19
    Development of a Tool to Enhance Midwifery Decision-Making.Anna Smyth, Steve Provost & Elaine Jefford - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  37.  40
    Mathematics as hammer: the makings of the masters tool: Johannes Lehnard and Martin Carrier : Mathematics as a tool: tracing new roles of mathematics in the sciences. Dordrecht: Springer, 2017. X+286pp, €114.99HB.Arezoo Islami - 2018 - Metascience 27 (1):95-98.
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  38.  18
    Effects of Probabilistic Risk Situation Awareness Tool (RSAT) on Aeronautical Weather-Hazard Decision Making.Sweta Parmar & Rickey P. Thomas - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    We argue that providing cumulative risk as an estimate of the uncertainty in dynamically changing risky environments can help decision-makers meet mission-critical goals. Specifically, we constructed a simplified aviation-like weather decision-making task incorporating Next-Generation Radar images of convective weather. NEXRAD radar images provide information about geographically referenced precipitation. NEXRAD radar images are used by both pilots and laypeople to support decision-making about the level of risk posed by future weather-hazard movements. Using NEXRAD, people and professionals have to infer (...)
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  39.  41
    Ethical decision making during a healthcare crisis: a resource allocation framework and tool.Keegan Guidolin, Jennifer Catton, Barry Rubin, Jennifer Bell, Jessica Marangos, Ann Munro-Heesters, Terri Stuart-McEwan & Fayez Quereshy - 2022 - Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (8):504-509.
    The COVID-19 pandemic has strained healthcare resources the world over, requiring healthcare providers to make resource allocation decisions under extraordinary pressures. A year later, our understanding of COVID-19 has advanced, but our process for making ethical decisions surrounding resource allocation has not. During the first wave of the pandemic, our institution uniformly ramped-down clinical activity to accommodate the anticipated demands of COVID-19, resulting in resource waste and inefficiency. In preparation for the second wave, we sought to make such ramp (...)
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  40.  31
    Making the AGREE tool more user‐friendly: the feasibility of a user guide based on Boolean operators.N. Ann Scott, Carmen Moga & Christa Harstall - 2009 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 15 (6):1061-1073.
  41.  40
    Engagement Agents in the Making: On the Front Lines of Socio-Technical Integration: Commentary on: “Constructing Productive Engagement: Pre-engagement Tools for Emerging Technologies”.Shannon N. Conley - 2011 - Science and Engineering Ethics 17 (4):715-721.
    This commentary builds on Haico te Kulve and Arie Rip’s ( 2011 ) notion of “engagement agents,” individuals that must be able to move between multiple dimensions, or “levels” of research, innovation, and policy processes. The commentary compares and contrasts the role of the engagement agent within the Constructive Technology Assessment and integration approaches, and suggests that on-site integration research represents one way to transform both social and natural scientists into competent and informed “engagement agents,” a new generation of researchers (...)
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  42.  13
    Video Messages: A Tool to Improve Surrogate Decision Making.Robert B. Santulli & Giselle G. Vitcov - 2022 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 33 (1):36-41.
    Advance directives (ADs) offer the opportunity for patients to express their desires regarding medical care in advance of any form of incapacitation. However, the efficacy of ADs in achieving care that aligns with patients’ preferences is the subject of intense ethical debate. Current instructional AD formats may not allow for expression of the reasoning or values behind a patient’s care preferences, limiting their utility and efficacy. Here, we review written AD formats and their limitations, and discuss video messages, as a (...)
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  43.  34
    FabAct®: a decision‐making tool for the anticipation of the preparation of anticancer drugs.Brigitte Bonan, Nicolas Martelli, Malik Berhoune, Ludovic-Alexandre Vidal, Evren Sahin & Patrice Prognon - 2010 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 16 (6):1129-1135.
  44.  23
    Frame It Again: New Tools for Rational Decision-Making.Sarah A. Fisher - 2022 - Philosophical Quarterly 72 (2):512-514.
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  45. Developing a Visual Tool to Encourage Public Participation in Decision-Making Processes for Intervening in an Urban Historical Context.Najmeh Malekpour Bahabadi & Mahyar Hadighi - 2023 - Http://Www.Arcc-Arch.Org/Wp-Content/Uploads/2023/09/Arcc2023Proceedingsfinal-Pw.Pdf.
    Citizens can be meaningfully involved in multiple phases of the urban planning process from decision-making to implementation via a dedicated online platform through which they can interact with planners and decision-makers. In historical contexts, local people are essential resources for decision-makers seeking critical local information needed for effective planning and intervention—including what those citizens recall from the past about the area’s social values and the built environment and what they imagine and hope for their neighborhood’s future. This public knowledge, (...)
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  46.  51
    Evaluation and ethical review of a tool to explore patient preferences for information and involvement in decision making.F. E. M. Murtagh - 2006 - Journal of Medical Ethics 32 (6):311-315.
    Aim: To improve clinical and ethical understanding of patient preferences for information and involvement in decision making.Objectives: To develop and evaluate a clinical tool to elicit these preferences and to consider the ethical issues raised.Design: A before and after study.Setting: Three UK hospices.Participants: Patients with advanced life-threatening illnesses and their doctors.Intervention: Questionnaire on information and decision-making preferences.Main outcome measures: Patient-based outcome measures were satisfaction with the amount of information given, with the way information was given, with family (...)
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  47.  19
    Understanding Human Decision Making in an Interactive Landslide Simulator Tool via Reinforcement Learning.Pratik Chaturvedi & Varun Dutt - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    Prior research has used an Interactive Landslide Simulator tool to investigate human decision making against landslide risks. It has been found that repeated feedback in the ILS tool about damages due to landslides causes an improvement in human decisions against landslide risks. However, little is known on how theories of learning from feedback would account for human decisions in the ILS tool. The primary goal of this paper is to account for human decisions in the ILS (...)
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  48.  23
    The adapted CoRE-Values framework: A decision-making tool for new clinical ethics advisory groups.Helen Manson, Elizabeth Fistein, James Heathcote, Anne Whiteside, Laura Wilkes, Kevin Dodman & Marcia Schofield - 2021 - Clinical Ethics 16 (2):155-159.
    A new Clinical Ethics Advisory Group was created to contribute to NHS Trust policies and guidelines in response to ethical issues arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. An ethical analysis framework used in medical education, the CoRE-Values Compass and Grid, was adapted to form a step-wise ‘ABC’ decision-making process. CEAG members found the framework simple to understand and use and the model facilitated time-efficient decisions that were explicitly justifiable on moral, ethical, professional and legal grounds. The adapted CoRE-Values framework might (...)
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  49.  35
    (1 other version)Making New Tools From the Toolbox of Metaphysics: The Nature of Contingency: Quantum Physics as Modal Realism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020, 240 p, ISBN: 9780198846215. [REVIEW]Raoni Wohnrath Arroyo - 2021 - Erkenntnis 88 (5):2251-2257.
    In this review, I specify the metametaphysical background against which Alastair Wilson’s “The Nature of Contingency” (Oxford University Press, 2020) should be properly understood. Metaphysics, as a philosophical discipline, is standing on thin ice. The caricature of the situation is polarized, and is often presented as follows: metaphysics is either entirely extracted from science or it is entirely independent of science. There is a recent trend that focuses on the middle ground between these extremes, searching the philosophical literature for metaphysical (...)
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  50.  93
    Ethical tools to support systematic public deliberations about the ethical aspects of agricultural biotechnologies.Volkert Beekman & Frans W. A. Brom - 2007 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 20 (1):3-12.
    This special issue of the Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics presents so-called ethical tools that are developed to support systematic public deliberations about the ethical aspects of agricultural biotechnologies. This paper firstly clarifies the intended connotations of the term “ethical tools” and argues that such tools can support liberal democracies to cope with the issues that are raised by the application of genetic modification and other modern biotechnologies in agriculture and food production. The paper secondly characterizes the societal discussion (...)
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