This paper is a commentary of David -Ménard’s Répétition et invention en Deleuze et Freud.

The containment measures imposed during the first COVID-19 outbreak required economic, social, and behavioral changes to minimize the spread of the coronavirus. Some studies have focused on how personality predicts distinct patterns of adherence to protective measures with psychopathic and antisocial traits predicting reduced engagement in such measures. In this study we extended previous findings by analyzing how boldness, meanness, and disinhibition psychopathic traits relate with both risk perceptions and protective behaviors during the first COVID-19 outbreak. A sample of 194 (...) individuals engaged in the survey, were assessed for psychopathic traits with the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, and completed a COVID-19 survey targeting risk perceptions and frequency of protective behaviors. Overall results show that boldness predicts reduced estimate of COVID-19 spread, reduced perceived risk of becoming infected, reduced state anxiety toward COVID-19, and reduced frequency of protective behaviors. Exploratory mediation models suggest that risk perceptions are not significant mediators of the association between psychopathic traits and reduced engagement in protective behaviors. Our results unveil that psychopathic traits affect risk perceptions and the propensity to engage in protective measures, emphasizing the need to accommodate these personality features in the public health strategy to control the COVID-19 spread. (shrink)

This paper aims to share reflections produced in the core of a research developed in everyday life of a school located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in order to think the teacher training process and the child's potentiality in it. Through an investigation from the perspective of research with daily life, making use of narratives produced in the field notebook and of impressions and senses created throughout the investigation, brings two scenes experienced in the daily life of the (...) mentioned public school and, with them, discusses concepts of training and child, defending the latter as a legitimate other in teacher education and training as a singular process and at the same time, collective and polyphonic. Finally, from the proposed problematization, the text invites us to think training with childhood in the quality of training as experience: that one which makes us think and think about ourselves, that is a training that moves us and causes us to inquire about our certainties and crystallized truths, invites us to be already others of ourselves, to rethink our ways of being, to be and to live the teaching experience with the children. Therefore, it is an invitation to think about our place and the place of children, in other words, our relationship in education and teacher's training. (shrink)

Frame Semantics includes context as a central aspect of the theory. Frames themselves can be regarded as a representation of the immediate context against which meaning is to be construed. Moreover, the notion of frame invocation includes context as one possible source of information comprehenders use to construe meaning. As the original implementation of Frame Semantics, Berkeley FrameNet is capable of providing computational representations of some aspects of context, but not all of them. In this article, we present FrameNet Brasil: (...) a framenet enriched with qualia relations and capable of taking other semiotic modes as input data, namely pictures and videos. We claim that such an enriched model is capable of addressing other types of contextual information in a framenet, namely sentence-level cotext and commonsense knowledge. We demonstrate how the FrameNet Brasil software infrastructure addresses contextual information in both database construction and corpora annotation. We present the guidelines for the construction of two multimodal datasets whose annotations represent contextual information and also report on two experiments: (i) the identification of frame-evoking lexical units in sentences and (ii) a methodology for domain adaptation in Neural Machine Translation that leverages frames and qualia for representing sentence-level context. Experimental results emphasize the importance of computationally representing contextual information in a principled structured fashion as opposed to trying to derive it from the manipulation of linguistic form alone. (shrink)

Friedrich Nietzsche, who sought to understand very deeply an inner tension of human feeling, brought up the "superman" as a proposal for the overcoming of man through a force derived from the individual himself, in order to transvalue the dichotomies, errors and prejudices that denied existence, for the sake of its own affirmation. The proposal of overcoming man, announced by Nietzsche in the second half of the nineteenth century, returns later, but no longer through the idea of a force derived (...) from the individual himself, but through his improvement by means of technological devices, promising to make man into a "superhuman". The following work intends to present two proposals for the overcoming of man, it is through Nietzsche and transhumanism philosophy. It is going to be shown that one of the two proposals comes by the idea that man must be overcome due to its decadence, seen by its denial of the world and its instincts, the other proposal is that man is not the final stage of evolution, therefore it must be overcome with tecnological enhacements. (shrink)

This article has a double objective that aims to situate, theoretically and empirically, children's cartography as a research methodology. In a first movement, we will situate children's cartography in its epistemological and philosophical bases, having as inspiration the cartographic conceptions of the philosophy of Deleuze & Guattari and his commentators. The introduction of cartography with children shifts our research perspectives to include dimensions that were once imperceptible or relegated to a plane of lesser value: it maps, not just what children (...) see, but what they say, and chronicles the coexistence of children and the world in ways not previously available to adult-organized research vehicles. We illustrate by chronicling two cartographic experiences carried out with children and young people from Portugal and Brazil, and finish with a reflection on how researchers might configure mapping experiences that act to open the worlds of adults and children to each other. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo trata do fenômeno da cura segundo a apropriação fenomenológica do livro X feita por Martin Heidegger no curso friburgense intitulado Augustinus und der Neuplatonismus. Pretendemos apresentar o fenômeno da tentação e a historicidade do si: segundo a apropriação genuína do ser da vida de Agostinho, a “tentatio” se torna expressão da mobilidade da existência histórico-atuativa, que jamais pode ser compreendida como “quietude”. É a vida mesma que, assumida em sua totalidade, representa uma “tentação”, uma provação - entendida (...) em sentido ontológico-existencial - na medida em que indica o “como” da atuação da facticidade. Na procura deste “como” originário surge a interrogação fundamental do que vem a ser a vida para si mesma: quaestio mihi factus sum. Descortinamos na perda de si do “eu sou” o processo da temporalização como deformitas, como o defluxus na distração, como a queda no “inautêntico”. Com base nesta apropriação contemporânea do ser da vida de Agostinho chegaremos ao âmago do fenômeno da cura, compreendendo o curare como caráter fundamental da vida fática e reconhecendo na procura de Deus a constituição da facticidade e da cura de si que nesta procura se expressa.: The article deals with the phenomena of healing, according to the phenomenological appropriation of Book X of Augustine’s Confessions made by Martin Heidegger in the course at Freiburg entitled Augustinus und der Neuplatonismus. I intend to present the phenomenon of temptation and the historicity of the self. According to the genuine appropriation of the being of the life of Augustine, the “tentatio” becomes an expression of the mobility of the historical-actuative existence, which can never be understood as “stillness”. It is the life itself which, assumed in its totality, represents a “temptation”, an ordeal - understood in an ontological-existential sense - insofar as it indicates the “how” of facticity. In the search for this originating “how”, there arises the fundamental question of what life is for itself: quaestio mihi factus sum. We see, in the loss of “I am”, the process of temporalization as deformitas, as the defluxus in distraction, as the fall into the “inauthentic”. On the basis of this appropriation of the being of Augustine’s life, we will reach the core of the phenomenon of healing, understanding healing as the fundamental character of phatic life and recognizing in the search for God the constitution of facticity and self-healing expressed in this search. (shrink)

Over the past decade, many findings in cognitive about the contents of consciousness: we will not address neuroscience have resulted in the view that selective what might be called the ‘enabling factors’ for conscious- attention, working memory and cognitive control ness (e.g. appropriate neuromodulation from the brain- stem, etc.). involve competition between widely distributed rep-.

This article is a methodological discussion of formal approaches to the question of identity of proofs from a philosophical standpoint. First, an introduction to the question of identity of proofs itself is given, followed by a brief reconstruction of the so-called normalisation thesis, proposed by Dag Prawitz in 1971, in which some of its core mathematical and conceptual traits are presented. After that, a comparison between the normalisation thesis and the more well-known Church-Turing thesis on computability is carried out in (...) three main parts: the first dedicated to highlighting some of the analogies between them; the second, their most remarkable differences; and the third, to the possible relations of dependence between the two. Based on these considerations, some concluding remarks concerning the potential of the normalisation thesis and similar approaches to the question of identity of proofs are made in the last section. (shrink)

This article aims to study the coordination of the defenders’ tactical and technical behaviour of successful teams to recover the ball according to contextual variables. A total of 15,369 events and 49 to 12,398 different patterns in 32 games of the 2014 FIFA World Cup’s play-offs were detected and analysed. Results evidenced a T-pattern of the first defender pressuring the ball carrier and his teammates concentrating at the same zone to cover him or space, leading to ball recovery. Field zones, (...) first defender tactical and technical behaviours, and ball carrier first touch constituted opportunities for defenders to coordinate themselves. Moreover, the third defender had a predominant role in his teammates’ temporisation and covering zone behaviours. In the draw, first half, second-tier quality of opponent and play-offs excluding third place and final matches, the ball regularly shifted from upper to lower field zones in short periods, resulting in ball recovery or shot on goal conceded. Defenders performed behaviours farther from the ball carrier, and player-marking were most recurrent to an effective defence. This study’s findings could help coaches give specific tips to players regarding interpersonal coordination in defence and set strategies to make tactical behaviour emerge globally. (shrink)

resumo Este trabalho visa mostrar que as Vermischte Bemerkungen não ocupam lugar marginal na obra de Wittgenstein. Pelo contrário, constituiriam, com as reflexões sobre cultura, arte e religião, uma chave essencial para a compreensão do núcleo lógico ou gramatical dessa filosofia. Para além das notórias transformações ou diferentes fases da ou na concepção da linguagem, poderiam também dar a ver algo como uma profunda continuidade do pensamento ou da obra de Wittgenstein. O caráter essencialmente indireto da linguagem e do trabalho (...) da filosofia, entre a prosa e a poesia, estaria no coração do pensamento de Wittgenstein ao longo de toda sua obra e seria indispensável mesmo para a compreensão das transformações por que foi obrigado a passar ao longo das décadas. palavras-chave linguagem – arte – religião - expressão. (shrink)

The philosopher Hannah Arendt distinguishes between making and doing politics. To make politics is to behave strategically like one is playing a chess game, in hopes of being able to control the results. Naomi Nagata opted to get her hands dirty by making politics. Politics is motivated by a love of the world and of being part of it. Naomi goes back and forth between doing and making politics, as though politics were some kind of dance. Naomi's previous partner, Inaros, (...) and current one, Holden, symbolize her relationship with politics and her search for a better way. The strategic attempt by Holden and the crew of the Rocinante to destroy uncertainty, as represented by the protomolecule, turned out to be a bad replacement for transparency, dialogue, and sharing responsibility. (shrink)

A disciplina Filosofia no ensino secundário/médio brasileiro apresenta um movimento de intermitência caracterizado ora pela presença garantida, ora pela presença indefinida e ora pela ausência garantida, tal como define Dalton José Alves. Analisar esse fenômeno pela perspectiva da história das disciplinas escolare,s sob a compreensão de Chervel e Goodson, foi o objetivo deste trabalho. Para a investigação utilizou-se como fontes as leis de reformas do ensino secundário brasileiro, os programas da disciplina e a distribuição da carga horária destinada ao seu (...) ensino determinadas pelas reformas. Concluiu-se que essa intermitência foi favorecida pelas políticas governamentais liberais de cunho desenvolvimentista, pela ausência de um corpus academicus que sustentasse a Filosofia enquanto disciplina na Educação Básica brasileira e pela aparente inadequação do saber filosófico à proposta da escola moderna. (shrink)

Resumo: Defendo que a relação entre filosofia e magia possibilita processos de subjetivação para experimentarmos outro tipo de educação filosófica, que possa resistir à biopolítica e ao neoliberalismo na contemporaneidade. Faço uma caracterização de ambos como um tipo de poder enfeitiçador que se enraizou em nossa subjetividade. Partindo de uma leitura anarqueológica sobre o pensamento de Michel Foucault, procuro conceituar os processos de subjetivação, evidenciando como a cronologia ocidental silenciou a magia, experiência-limite para a filosofia, da mesma maneira que teço (...) algumas considerações sobre como esse paradigma nos conduz a experimentar outro tipo de educação filosófica, mais atenta à erótica e ao resgate de saberes e práticas originárias. Palavras-Chave: Educação filosófica. Magia. Processos de subjetivação. Biopolítica. Michel Foucault. Philosophical Education and Magic: The experimentation of other subjectivation Processes: I argue that the relationship between philosophy and magic enables subjectivation processes for us to experiment with another kind of philosophical education, which can resist contemporary biopolitics and neoliberalism. I characterize them both as a kind of bewitching power that has taken root in our subjectivity. Starting from an archeological reading on Michel Foucault's thought, I seek to conceptualize the processes of subjectivation, highlighting how Western chronology has silenced magic, the limiting experience for philosophy, just as I make some considerations on how this paradigm leads us to experiment with another kind of philosophical education, more attentive to the erotica and to the rescue of originary knowledge and practices. Keywords: Philosophical education. Magic. Subjectivation processes. Biopolitics. Michel Foucault. Éducation philosophique et Magie : l’expérience d’autres processus de subjectivation Résumé: Je défends que la relation entre la philosophie et la magie nous permet d’avoir des processus de subjectivation pour expérimenter un autre type d’éducation philosophique, qui peut résister à la biopolitique et au néolibéralisme dans la contemporanéité. Je fais une caractérisation des deux comme un type de pouvoir enchanteur qui s’enracine dans notre subjectivité. En partant d’une lecture anarchéologique sur la pensée de Michel Foucault, je cherche à conceptualiser les processus de subjectivation, en mettant en évidence la manière dont la chronologie occidentale a mis au silence la magie, expérience-limite pour la philosophie, de la même manière que je tisse quelques considérations sur la manière dont ce paradigme nous conduit à expérimenter un autre type d’éducation philosophique, plus attentif à l’érotique et au sauvetage des savoirs et pratiques originaires. Mots-clés: Éducation philosophique. Magie. Processus de subjectivation. Biopolitique. Michel Foucault. (shrink)

Por que a experiência visionária perturba a filosofia (crítica)? Experimentando uma anarqueologia como procedimento de leitura, argumento que a relação entre filosofia e magia no curso da história ocidental pode ser encenada como uma peça paradoxal. Da mesma maneira que a filosofia racionalista conjura a magia, simultaneamente, tais saberes estiveram presentes de modo polifônico nos bastidores da encenação ilustrada. Para conjurar o demônio é necessário antes evocá-lo. Evoco, assim, o itinerário das viagens aos infernos ao qual certa visão xamanística de (...) alma grega fecunda possibilidades para ensaiarmos um tipo de filosofia pré e pós crítica, onde a experiência visionária aparece posteriormente como pedra no sapato ao pensamento ilustrado, científico e humano. Exemplifico tal questão recorrendo à visão paradoxal de Immanuel Kant quando analisa as experiências visionárias de Emmanuel Swedenborg. Ao reconhecer contemporaneamente a nossa herança legítima como filhos da razão, será preciso reencarnar o lugar bastardo dos sonhos e da mediunidade exorcizada. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Paragrana Jahrgang: 23 Heft: 2 Seiten: 204-215.

The Baby Care Scale was designed to assess the involvement of father in infant care during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This study aimed to examine the psychometric characteristics of the BCS – antenatal and BCS – postnatal versions. A sample of 100 primiparous fathers completed the BCS-AN and/or the BCS-PN and self-reported the measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms and of father–infant emotional involvement during pregnancy and the postpartum period, respectively. Good internal consistency was found for both the BCS-AN (...) and the BCS-PN. A two-factor model was found for both versions of the instrument: household tasks and infant care tasks. The BCS-AN and BCS-PN subscales revealed good internal consistency. Higher scores on the BCS-AN predicted higher scores on the BCS-PN. Significant associations were found among the BCS, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and father–infant emotional involvement, revealing good criterion validity. This study suggested that both the BCS-AN and the BCS-PN are reliable multidimensional self-report measures that assess the involvement of father in infant care during pregnancy and the postpartum period. (shrink)

O artigo objetiva repensar o conceito antropocêntrico de sociabilidade em interface com o de comunicabilidade, tendo como eixos analíticos: a) os eventos empíricos ligados ao Antropoceno, que colocam em xeque a dicotomia natureza-cultura; b) o debate em torno das Humanidades Ambientais, que destacam as formas de sociação multimodais entre humanos e não humanos e levam a um conceito de humanidade mais próximo de epistemes indígenas e do pensamento crítico-ecológico contemporâneo Ocidental. Diante de relações comunicacionais interontológicas, propomos pensar a noção de (...) convivências – como modalidades de sociação que não depuram as posições modernas de humano e não humano – bem como a ideia de uma comunicabilidade ecológica que opera por contato e contágio. (shrink)

Em primeiro lugar, (1) examinarei a chamada Destruktion fenomenológica da ontologia medieval, componente básico do método a partir da história da ontologia. Nessa seção, coloco algumas questões sobre a apropriação da Idade Média com base na escolástica tardia, como se esta fosse o "cume" das reflexões precedentes! Em segundo lugar, (2) apresento a reflexão de próprio Heidegger sobre a ontologia medieval tal como se expõe no curso de semestre de verão de 1927 ("Os problemas fundamentais da fenomenologia"), ministrado na Universidade (...) de Marburg. Igualmente nessa parte, faço algumas reflexões críticas sobre a leitura heideggeriana dos medievais, que se presta muito mais para conhecer o próprio modo de pensar de Heidegger do que os medievais em si mesmos, ou seja, pela leitura cursiva dos textos em seu contexto histórico e cultural: sem o élan espiritual, consubstancial aos escritos de Tomás de Aquino, por exemplo, a organização conceitual deste último não pareceria um sistema assaz grandioso e seco? Esta não terá sido a compreensão de Heidegger, fruto da separação metodológica feita entre mística medieval e filosofia escolástica desde o curso não proferido intitulado "Fundamentos filosóficos da Mística Medieval" (1918-1919)? First, I will examine the so-called phenomenological Destruktion of medieval ontology, a basic component of the method of the history of ontology. In this section I put forth some questions regarding the appropriation of the Middle Ages by late scholasticism, which supposed itself the apex of preceding reflections. Secondly, I present Heidegger's own reflections on medieval ontology as presented in his course of the summer semester of 1927 ("The fundamental problems of phenomenology") taught at the University of Marburg. In this part I also make some critical reflections on Heidegger's reading of the medieval philosophers, which lends itself more to understanding Heidegger's way of thinking than that of the medievals themselves (i.e. as read in their historical and cultural context). Without spiritual élan, consubstantial with the writings of Thomas Aquinas, for example, would not the conceptual organization of Aquinas' system seem rather grandiose and dry? Would not this have been Heidegger's understanding, which was the result of a methodological separation made between medieval mysticism and Scholastic philosophy ever since his undelivered course entitled "Philosophical Foundations of Medieval Mysticism" (1918-1919)? (shrink)

O artigo trata da metafísica da memória na primeira parte do Livro X das Confissões de Agostinho e tenta mostrar como ele descreve a capacidade humana de lembrar as qualidades sensoriais e os padrões que elas compõem. O exame da memória revela duas questões básicas: em primeiro lugar, em se tratando de problemas ou princípios abstratos, lidamos com as próprias coisas e não apenas com imagens; em segundo lugar, visto que existe a lembrança de nossos próprios estados mentais, a memória (...) é mais que uma simples representação de estados passados; ela deve envolver alguma forma de consciência direta. No caso da memoria Dei, isto é, da presença de Deus na mente humana, Agostinho julga que Deus está na memória só a partir do momento em que foi conhecido: ex quo didici te. Sem esta automanifestação de Deus compromete-se inevitavelmente o mistério da transcendência divina. (shrink)

The article examines some Greek terms in relation to the moral values of ancient Greece. The ethical tradition, generally composed of authors who were not exactly professional philosophers, supplied basic and abundant material for the elaboration of platonic ethics. When dealing with the ancient ethics, it is essential to determine the value and the semantic complexity of the more important values (“competitive” and “collaborative” or “peaceful”) together with the respective implications: the axiologic terms have deeply diverse criteria of application, and (...) the criteria of application of the most important terms reflect beyond doubt and, at the same time, reveal the conception of life of the society in its totality and, therefore, the visions concerning the notion of happiness and good life. (shrink)

The recent pandemic and consequent lockdown had a substantial impact on mental health and optimism regarding the future. Previous research showed that levels of depression, anxiety, and stress had increased throughout the pandemic. Nonetheless, how individuals cope when faced with adversity may be associated with positive expectations regarding the future. A sample of 274 Portuguese workers with a mean age of 40.86 and work experience of 19.68 years met inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the proposed study. They represented (...) a variety of working classes. We investigated the associations between depression, stress, anxiety, adaptive and maladaptive coping, and optimism while controlling for working experience, gender, and work type. We found that depression was related to lower levels of optimism. However, for participants scoring high on adaptive coping and anxiety, higher scores of optimism were reported. Gender, work type, and experience did not significantly influence the results. These results provide evidence through which positive mental health can be promoted after the pandemic. (shrink)

Introduction: Empathy is a complex human experience that involves the subjective intersection of different individuals. In the context of nursing care in the geriatric setting, the benefits of empathetic relationships are directly related to the quality of the practice of nursing. Objective: Analyze scientific production on the benefits of empathy in the nurse–patient relationship in the geriatric care setting. Methods: An integrative review of the literature was performed using the PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. The (...) articles retrieved were organized, evaluated, and classified based on the level of scientific evidence. Results: Relationships of empathy between nurses and older people were analyzed in quasi-experimental studies using different assessment tools, the majority of which had moderate levels of validity and reliability. Studies with a qualitative approach discussed the meaning of empathy in terms of the quality of care offered, compassion, and vulnerability. Discussion: Levels of empathy increase when activities are developed with the aim of teaching, sensitization, and training for relational care between nursing staff and older people. The analysis of empathetic relationships is important to the evaluation of the quality of care provided to older people. Conclusion: Empathy in the nurse–patient relationship in the geriatric care setting is an important ethical aspect that contributes to the quality of the practice of nursing. The present findings indicate the need for more robust assessment tools with adequate psychometric properties and the descriptive analysis of empathy. (shrink)

No presente artigo, pretendo analisar uma das interpretações da distinção transcendental entre fenômenos e coisas em si mesmas, a tese dos dois aspectos [the two-aspect view]. Meu objetivo é indicar e esclarecer alguns pressupostos fundamentais dessa interpretação, nem sempre explicitados pelos seus defensores. Um dos maiores desafios dessa interpretação é explicar como é possível conciliá-la com a tese kantiana da não espacialidade das coisas em si mesmas. Pretendo mostrar que a conciliação pressupõe a satisfação das três seguintes condições: em primeiro (...) lugar, é necessário admitir que, para Kant, a relação cognitiva entre objeto e sujeito cognoscente é _constitutiva_ do objeto; em segundo lugar, é preciso conceber a identidade entre fenômeno e coisa em si mesma como uma _identidade relativa_, não absoluta; em terceiro lugar, é preciso admitir que certos enunciados sobre o objeto da cognição possuem uma estrutura lógica peculiar, a estrutura de um _juízo reduplicativo_. A análise desses pressupostos visa contribuir para a elucidação dos compromissos teóricos da tese kantiana do idealismo transcendental. (shrink)

The foundations of biology have been a topic of debate for the past few decades. The traditional perspective of the Modern Synthesis, which portrays organisms as passive entities with limited role in evolutionary theory, is giving way to a new paradigm where organisms are recognized as active agents, actively shaping their own phenotypic traits for adaptive purposes. Within this context, this article raises the question of whether contemporary biological theory is undergoing a cognitive revolution. This inquiry can be approached in (...) two ways: from a theoretical standpoint, exploring the centrality of the cognitive sciences in current theoretical biology; and from a historical perspective, examining the resemblance between the current state of theoretical biology and the Cognitive Revolution of the mid-20th century. Both inquiries yield affirmative answers, though important nuances will be emphasized. The cognitive sciences' explanatory framework is employed to elucidate the agentic characteristics of organisms, establishing a clear parallelism between the Cognitive Revolution and the present state of theoretical biology. (shrink)

Desde a publicação, em 1628, do Exercitatio anatomica, de William Harvey, fisiologia e filosofia passaram a manter relações tanto de crítica quando de reforço mútuo. Nesse artigo, examinamos um momento particularmente interessante dessa longa história, a emergência, com Schopenhauer, da interpretação do intelecto como produto do homem físico. Pretendemos, assim, mostrar como o recurso à fisiologia engendrou uma crítica da filosofia kantiana que marcou o lugar de Schopenhauer na história do pensamento filosófico moderno, a saber, entre dois limiares: Kant e (...) Nietzsche. (shrink)

Medeiros se baseia nas ideias de dois pensadores, Richard Rorty e Roberto Mangabeira Unger, para desenvolver a tese de que há uma espécie de pragmatismo a que se pode chamar de "pragmatismo romântico" - levando em consideração o contexto de levantamento das premissas dos autores base, principalmente de seu espaço e tempo (entre os séculos XX e XXI) -, a fim de lançar um olhar atual sobre a relação entre a filosofia e a política. Nessa busca, tais autores revelariam que (...) o pragmatismo romântico "abrilhanta a democracia com uma compreensão mais otimista, pela qual se pode entrevê-la a soprar ares regeneradores nas sociedades existentes". (shrink)

Brito proposes a naturalistic analysis of morality, disagreeing with some authors who postulate an insurmountable is-ought gap. Here, we present his main arguments and advance some criticisms to them. Brito’s strategy consists in grounding the normative notion of ought on volitive notions, like “will” and “want”. In his perspective, to reach the moral level, a will has to be directed to itself and to all other wills. We try to show that this strategy fails, since moral normativity cannot be grounded (...) on subjective phenomena, regardless of the contents of these phenomena. We also show some incoherence in Brito’s ideias about the possibility of is-ought reduction, as he seems to advocate that it is not possible to reduce “ought” to “is” while he also proposes the reduction of oughts to facts about volition. (shrink)

Humans display more conditioned fear when the conditioned stimulus in a fear conditioning paradigm is a picture of an individual from another race than when it is a picture of an individual from their own race (Olsson, Ebert, Banaji, & Phelps, 2005). These results have been interpreted in terms of a genetic “preparedness” to learn to fear individuals from different social groups (Ohman, 2005; Olsson et al., 2005). However, the associability of conditioned stimuli is strongly influenced by prior exposure to (...) those or similar stimuli. Using the Kalman filter, a normative statistical model, this article shows that superior fear conditioning to individuals from other groups is precisely what one would expect if participants perform optimal, Bayesian inference that takes their prior exposures to the different groups into account. There is therefore no need to postulate a genetic preparedness to learn to fear individuals from other races or social groups. (shrink)

Interest among historians, philosophers and sociologists of science in population-based biomedical research has focused on the randomised controlled trial to the detriment of the longitudinal study, the temporally extended, serial observation of individuals residing in the same community. This is perhaps because the longitudinal study is regarded as having played a secondary role in the debates about the validity of populations-based approaches that helped to establish epidemiology as one of the constitutive disciplines of contemporary biomedicine. Drawing on archival data and (...) publications relating to the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we argue however that the historical development of the longitudinal study is richer and more significant than has been appreciated. We argue that this history is shaped by the tension between two sets of epistemic practices, devices and norms. On the one side there were those who emphasised randomisation and sampling to evidence claims about, and justify policies with respect to, the aetiology of disease. On the other side there were those who evoked the technical repertoire of physiological research, especially the notion of the ‘model organism’, to argue for a different integration of the individual in modern society. (shrink)

The article develops the hypothesis that Covid-19 is one of the most significant results of the Anthropocene era. Indifferent to nature’s veiled, but not inactive conditions, the human era advances over woods and forests, intensifying the increase of emerging infectious diseases, especially those caused by pathogens that generate zoonoses. In addition to health matters, this circumstance implies the urgent revision of the cultural tradition that conceives the energies of nature as availability. Based on these findings, the text criticizes the cultural (...) determination of anthropocentrism, suggesting that the crisis caused by the coronavirus also represents the possibility of new mediations with nature. The thesis defends that, despite the anguish caused by the proximity to death, the pandemic is an opportunity to open our ears anew to listen to the Earth’s thinking. (shrink)

O presente texto aborda a recepçãocrítica do pensamento aristotélico no Ocidentelatino medieval através da polêmica acerca dasuposta diferença entre intelecto ativo e intelectopassivo defendida por J. Duns Scotus e negadapor G. de Ockham. Inicialmente, evocamos aproblemática do intelecto no tivro HI do DeAnima de Aristóteles e sua recepção na IdadeMédia para, em seguida, explicitar os efeitos detal problemática na discussão entre dois grandespensadores.

O objetivo do artigo consiste expor as intenções de Heidegger a partir da interpretação dos capítulos 1 e 2 do Livro I da _Metafísica_ de Aristóteles em seus elementos mais importantes. Tais intenções são explicitadas no chamado _Natorp-Bericht_ de 1922. Destacarei de modo particular a interpretação fenomenológica da σοφία aristotélica. Desse modo, Heidegger julga fundamentais não somente o sentido de que as virtudes dianoéticas (σοφία e φρόνησις) provenham da _iluminação_ do trato da vida fática com o _mundo do_ _entorno_ (_Umwelt_), (...) mas também o fato de que a σοφία, enquanto tendência para o _contemplar puro_, seja uma forma _derivada_, arraigada na facticidade do _Dasein_ e, portanto, com base em uma propriedade ontológica originária. (shrink)