ArgumentThis paper explores the links between the competing scientific, disciplinary, and institutional identifications of social scientists working for international organizations and the nature of the work produced in these establishments. By examining the case of UNESCO's Social Science Department from 1946 to 1955, the paper shows how the initial lack of organizational identification diminished the efficiency and productivity of the Department and slowed down the creation of an international system for research in the social sciences. It then examines how the (...) elaboration of such identification resulted from a period of trial and error during which several national, academic, and scientific models were explored. The paper concludes that only the discourse of “moral sensitivity” kept the Department together at a time when disillusions regarding internationalism, the destabilization of the meaning of nation, and suspicion towards some Western disciplines rendered unacceptable the universalization of a single international social scientific identification. (shrink)

The increasing presence of women, especially university women, in risky alcohol consumption such as Binge Drinking, which is associated with gender-specific biopsychosocial problems, makes it necessary to analyze the variables underlying BD in order to adjust possible interventions more in line with their reality. The motives and expectancies of this pattern of consumption, as well as the consequences derived from it, are some of the variables that are shown to have the greatest weight in the prediction of BD. In the (...) present study we analyze, on the one hand, the performance of these variables among college women with alcohol use, and on the other hand, which of these variables allow us to classify BD. A total of 501 female university consumers of alcohol were assessed. Specifically, they completed a self-report of alcohol consumption, the Expectancy Questionnaire, the Drinking Motives Questionnaire and the Alcohol Consumption Consequences Evaluation. BD female students scored significantly higher on these instruments, except for compliance motives. The logistic regression analysis carried out to estimate the probability of performing BD using the social and conformity motives, the ACCE and positive expectancies correctly estimated have a 3.55-fold increase in the probability of having BD, compared to women classified as low risk by the ACCE. On the other hand, women classified as moderate risk by the ACCE have a 4.77-fold increase in the probability of having BD. In the case of social motives and positive expectancies, their increase multiplies by 1.165 and 1.024, respectively, the probability of having BD. The results of this study highlight the importance of adapting preventive measures to the consequences experienced by BD university students, especially in relation to the social motives and positive expectancies that modulate decision-making when engaging in this pattern of consumption. (shrink)

"œConfrontando la naturaleza"Dentro del mundo que hemos transformado casi por entero, la conservaci�n del h�bitat natural cada d��a cobra m�s importancia. Las pol��ticas ambientales deben basarse en percepciones competentes sobre el modo funcional de la naturaleza. Tambi�n deben hacerlo en una serie de principios morales que confieran alguna obligatoriedad a nuestras relaciones con el medio ambiente. El art��culo propone, para la toma de decisiones, un enfoque integrado que relaciona a la sociedad humana y la econom��a con la conservaci�n de los (...) sistemas naturales y que permite el cumplimiento de las metas sociales conservando el potencial evolutivo de los ecosistemas naturales."œConfronting Nature"In a world we have transformed almost entirely, the conservation of the natural habitat is getting more important each day. Environmental policies must be based both on suitable perceptions about Nature´s functional way and on a set of moral principles that award some obligation to our relations with the environment. In order to make decisions, this article proposes a complete focus that relates society and economy with the conservation of natural systems, and allows the fulfilment of social goals maintaining the evolutionary capability of natural ecosystems. (shrink)

Ante ciertos modelos causales del agente libre inspirados en Tomás de Aquino, resulta interesante atender al modelo causal presentado por Tomás mismo, especialmente en un texto a partir del cual se puede rastrear la exposición de la acción libre como el efecto de los cuatro sentidos causales aristotélicos. Se trata de la cuestión sobre los actos imperados (ST I–II, q. 17); en cuyos primeros cuatro artículos –y en sus textos paralelos– determina que la voluntad es causa agente; la (...) razón práctica, causa ordenadora; y el imperium de ambas (razón y voluntad) se relaciona con el acto imperado como lo formal con lo material. (shrink)

Las teorías de la conspiración sobre los chemtrails o estelas químicas proliferan en el entorno digital y parecen sintomáticas de un clima de sospecha hacia las instituciones científicas y políticas en relación con la geoingeniería. Este artículo analiza, desde un punto de vista teoricoanalítico, cómo estas narrativas pueden estar impactando negativamente en la toma de medidas contra el cambio climático al alinearse con el «obstruccionismo climático». Se identifica una doble conexión: por un lado, en las estrategias discursivas y, por otro, (...) en el comportamiento en las redes sociales de quienes hacen «activismo antichemtrails». En el ámbito discursivo, se encuentran dos paralelismos con las estrategias de obstruccionismo «secundario» de las políticas climáticas: la redirección de responsabilidad y el discurso de la rendición. En el ámbito del comportamiento en línea, se detecta que los ataques al colectivo científico y a las instituciones públicas contribuyen a la obstaculización de la toma de medidas climáticas. En general, se determina que las teorías sobre los chemtrails favorecen la «obstrucción terciaria», relacionada con las estructuras sociales que sostienen la parálisis de la acción climática. (shrink)

Se describen algunos personajes carrasquillescos y sus formas de pensamiento y expresión de acuerdo con sus diferentes entornos y relación con la palabra. Para hablar de los personajes orales, se hace referencia a ciertos prototipos como el campesino, el negro, el anciano, el niño y el contador de historias. Y en cuanto a los personajes letrados, se destacan algunos, como Magdalena Samudio, José Bermúdez, Beatriz Solsona y Bárbara Caballero, resaltando la figura del cura como el letrado del pueblo, y asociando (...) a Ligia Cruz y a Martín Gala con don Quijote por su relación participante con los libros. (shrink)

El equipo multidisciplinario especializado, con ayudas diagnósticas avanzadas, brinda, en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales, atención a los recién nacidos en estado crítico de salud. No comprender la muerte como un acontecimiento natural dificulta establecer un equilibrio en el tratamiento proporcionado y exige una juiciosa valoración de los beneficios y cargas basados en una ética responsable. La literatura sugiere que se necesita, en relación con los aspectos bioéticos de la práctica clínica, de capacitación, participación y presencia permanente de los (...) profesionales de la salud en la toma de decisiones en conjunto con las madres, de tal forma que se proporcione consuelo a la familia del neonato. (shrink)

El arte es una vía de conexión entre el corazón del mundo y el corazón del ser humano. Cuerpo, mente y alma son expresiones de un Espíritu unificado que habita el universo, y que puede tomar vida y manifestarse de un modo trascendente y resplandecer en las pequeñas cosas de la vida. Captar ese Todo Unificado es posible desde las posibilidades liberadoras que brinda el pensamiento complejo. Dado que el trabajo espiritual y los desafíos de la psicología profunda son aspectos (...) interconectados de una misma realidad, el artículo aborda el tema de la dimensión psicológica del arte y de la belleza. Más que referirse a la naturaleza intrínseca de la obra de arte, el artículo toma el tema de la actitud mental con la que el observador enfrenta dicha realidad. Se desarrolla aquí un análisis sobre las vías de acceso a la experiencia estética y al inconsciente colectivo. (shrink)

This paper explores some alternative accounts of doxastic disagreement, and shows what problems each faces. It offers an account of doxastic disagreement that results from the incompatibility of the content of doxastic attitudes, even when that content’s truth is relativized. On the best definition possible, it is argued, neither non-indexical contextualism nor assessment-relativism have an advantage over contextualism. The conclusion is that conflicts that arise from the incompatibility (at the same world) of the content of given doxastic attitudes cannot be (...) accommodated by theoretical positions that allow for the compatibility (at the same world) of the content of different doxastic attitudes. (shrink)

In this paper, I argue that hate speech expresses hate, and answer some objections to expressivist views. First, I briefly comment on some limitations of pragmatic accounts of harmful speech. I then present an expressive-normative view of derogatory discourse according to which it is expressive of an affective state by presupposing it. A linguistic act expressive of an affective state inherits the normativity that is constitutive of that state, as directed to its intentional object. If the act is successful, it (...) updates the conversational context with the normative appraisal conditions of the affective state presupposed. I argue that this model can be applied to hate speech. I rely on current research on the psychology of hate to identify the appraisal conditions, action tendencies, and motivational goals characteristic of hate. The account supplements other pragmatic accounts of hate speech. (shrink)

We present a theoretical view of the cellular foundations for network-level processes involved in producing our conscious experience. Inputs to apical synapses in layer 1 of a large subset of neocortical cells are summed at an integration zone near the top of their apical trunk. These inputs come from diverse sources and provide a context within which the transmission of information abstracted from sensory input to their basal and perisomatic synapses can be amplified when relevant. We argue that apical amplification (...) enables conscious perceptual experience and makes it more flexible, and thus more adaptive, by being sensitive to context. Apical amplification provides a possible mechanism for recurrent processing theory that avoids strong loops. It makes the broadcasting hypothesized by global neuronal workspace theories feasible while preserving the distinct contributions of the individual cells receiving the broadcast. It also provides mechanisms that contribute to the holistic aspects of integrated information theory. As apical amplification is highly dependent on cholinergic, aminergic, and other neuromodulators, it relates the specific contents of conscious experience to global mental states and to fluctuations in arousal when awake. We conclude that apical dendrites provide a cellular mechanism for the context-sensitive selective amplification that is a cardinal prerequisite of conscious perception. (shrink)

The authors examined cue competition effects in young children using the blicket detector paradigm, in which objects are placed either singly or in pairs on a novel machine and children must judge which objects have the causal power to make the machine work. Cue competition effects were found in a 5- to 6-year-old group but not in a 4-year-old group. Equivalent levels of forward and backward blocking were found in the former group. Children's counterfactual judgments were subsequently examined by asking (...) whether or not the machine would have gone off in the absence of I of 2 objects that had been placed on it as a pair. Cue competition effects were demonstrated only in 5- to 6-year-olds using this mode of assessing causal reasoning. (shrink)

En este artículo consideramos algunos usos de los conceptos de "tiempo" y de lo "contemporáneo" en el campo de la danza a partir de un estudio de Cesena, pieza de Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker creada en colaboración con el director musical Björn Schmelzer. Los diferentes aspectos que analizamos -el canto, el vínculo entre los gestos y la luz, la problematización de los comunidad, la referencia al pasado histórico medieval, la dramaturgia...- intentan poner de realce algunos sentidos que genera esta (...) obra en tanto que evento escénico: la alteración del concepto europeo de "tiempo", la poética de la espera y la toma de distancia con respecto a los imperativos de rapidez - el "presentismo" - de nuestra época. In this paper, we examine some uses of the concepts of "time" and "contemporary" in dance based on a study about Cesena, a piece by Anne Teresa De Keesmaeker created with musical director Björn Schmelzer. By focusing our analysis on several aspects - the singing, the link between the gestures and the light, the problem of the community, the reference to historic medieval past, the dramaturgy... - we intend to bring to the foreground some senses which this work produce as an scenic event: the alteration of the european concept of time, the poetics of waiting and the distancing from the requirements of speed - the "presentism" - of our present time. (shrink)

This article presents Gilbert Simondon as a philosopher of (technological) mediation. An attempt is made to combine and present Simondon’s multifaceted and often sporadic perspectives on the subject of (technological) mediation. At the same time, it is attempted to contextualize Simondon’s thought in light of other authors and philosophical theories to show its relevance and similarities. First of all, the relevance of Simondonian ontogenetic account of mediation to contemporary philosophy of mediation is shown. Secondly, Simondonian critique of the conceptual structure (...) of hylomorphism, understood through the lens of mediation, is compared with the Heideggerian one. Both interpretations are understood through Verbeek’s suggestion to ruminate on how technologies mediate our grasp of metaphysics. Lastly, political and scientific aspects of the Simondonian concept of mediation are discussed. In between, Simondon’s general ambivalent position on the progress of technology is shown. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to highlight the nature of the fundamental moments of phenomenological research, such as evidence and description, and the ambivalence of their relationship to each other. On the one hand, both evidence and description are related to Husserl’s attempt to ‘return to the things themselves’. Evidence is understood by the founder of phenomenology as a relation to an object in which the meaning of that object is given to us immediately in the object itself. Description, (...) on the other hand, avoids what is characteristic of any interpretation-oriented methodology: the ‘substitution’ of an explanatory reconstruction for the object under study. A certain discrepancy between phenomenological evidence and phenomenological description becomes apparent when we take into account the reception of the text in which the experience of the evidence is described. What is usually overlooked is that an experience whose content is the text being read is not an experience whose content is the phenomenon described in the text. This confusion leads to a turning away from ‘the things themselves’ and a restriction of phenomenology to the realm of texts. The way to avoid this deformation is through a phenomenological reduction, which must be carried out not only by the phenomenologist-researcher but also by the reader of the texts that provide a description of phenomenological experience. (shrink)

In this article, I examine two ways to approach Anselm’s argument: as a logical demonstration and as a persuasive piece of reasoning—one that notably persuaded Anselm himself. First, I follow Ermanno Bencivenga and argue that Anselm’s argument is a logical illusion. The deduction is not simply invalid, nor is it simply unsound; instead, it appeals to two mutually inconsistent sets of assumptions, each of which is rationally defensible. Consequently, the argument emerges as either valid or sound, but not both simultaneously. (...) I also argue that this peculiar piece of reasoning should not be classified as an “ontological” argument. When interpreted as a persuasive piece of reasoning, the argument appeals to experience—an experience of something alluded to by the phrase “something than which nothing greater can be thought.” Here, the logical apparatus primarily serves to channel and refine contemplation on this experience. (shrink)

The chapter discusses the rejuvenation of an interest in Mach in the recent metaphysics and philosophy of mind. In the early twentieth century, Mach had been interpreted as a phenomenalist, but phenomenalism fell out of favor in the 1950s. In the later decades, he received praise for his naturalism, but his contributions to metaphysics or philosophy of mind were regarded as misbegotten or irrelevant. With the search for a monistic alternative to both materialism and dualism in the recent philosophy of (...) consciousness, however, Mach attracts a fresh attention. For example, the contemporary philosopher Sam Coleman develops a version of a monistic metaphysic called “panqualityism,” which resembles Mach’s view to a large extent. Like most contemporary monists, however, Coleman works much more closely from Russell’s The Analysis of Matter, than Mach’s The Analysis of Sensations. The chapter details the circumstances that have led to the recent rise of monism; the varieties of Russellian monism; Coleman’s panqualityism; and the similarities and differerences between panqualityism and Machian monism. (shrink)

1. Praktická filozofie na základě sociologie : etika --.

The article presents the contemporary situation of teaching ethics in secondary schools in Spain. It highlights the historical and systemic contexts related to the introduction of this subject into the curriculum in the 1980s, as well as its position in the curriculum as an alternative to religious education. It also diagnoses problems and deficits resulting from multiple legislative changes, inconsistent and instrumental treatment of this subject by legislators and its still visible undervaluation in the Spanish education system. Finally, it proposes (...) a number of practical solutions related to the methodology of teaching ethics and the role that a teacher can play in the education process. These suggestions are an attempt to respond to the assumptions formulated by law regarding the objectives of teaching the subject “Ethical Values”, and above all, they emphasize the close connection of ethics with the development of civic attitudes, practical development of critical thinking skills, responsibility, and autonomy. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo tenta revelar o significado da disseminação contemporânea das teorias da conspiração, seguindo a sugestão de Frederic Jameson de que as teorias da conspiração são sintomas de um “mapeamento cognitivo” empobrecido. Para isso, transpõe-se o problema do mapeamento cognitivo para uma questão mais ampla de narratividade, em diálogo com o florescente campo da ética narrativa, interpretando-o por meio das lentes da teoria crítica e da psicanálise. Resumidamente, afirma-se que as teorias da conspiração são narrativas substitutivas para lidar com (...) a opacidade das sociedades contemporâneas e a consequente deficiência na narratividade pessoal. (shrink)

Straipsnyje iš medijų studijų perspektyvos nagrinėjamos kūrybinių industrijų sritys, lyginami jų skirtingi sąrašai. Pasak autoriaus, tai – dinamiškas kultūros sektorius, kuris keičiasi plėtojantis tiek medijoms, tiek ekonomikai, tiek technologijoms. Skirtingi kūrybinių industrijų sąrašai liudija, kad jų ribos – neaiškios, dažnai susiklojančios. Nors kūrybinės industrijos papildo ir maitina viena kitą, jų teritorijos veikiau yra priešiškos. Valstybės politika jų atžvilgiu nors ir rodo dėmesį šiam sektoriui, kuris yra svarbus ekonomikai, dažnai dar labiau supriešina atskiras jo teritorijas. Apskritai kūrybinės industrijos iškyla kūrybos visuomenėje, (...) kuri drauge – postindustrinė, medijuota ir postmoderni. (shrink)

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos kūrybos bei kultūros industrijų idėjos iš filosofinės, sociologinės bei komunikacinės perspektyvos, drauge kritikuojama pastarųjų mokslų orientacija į „grynąjį protą“ nesiremiant socialiniais fenomenais. Nors kūrybos ir kultūros industrijų idėjos gali būti filosofijos, sociologijos ir komunikacijos mokslų sąveikos kanalas, autorius pažymi, kad netgi giminingi kultūros industrijų ir kūrybos industrijų diskursai plėtojami kaip nebendramačiai diskursai. Pasak autoriaus, čia kaltas ne tik teoretikų cechinis uždarumas, bet apskritai komunikacijos fenomenų ignoravimas filosofijoje ir sociologijoje. Straipsnyje pateikiamos kūrybos ekologijos ir kūrybos etikos gairės bei pabrėžiamas (...) egzistencialiosios fenomenologijos indėlis plėtojantis komunikacijos mokslo šakoms, įskaitant kūrybos ir kultūros industrijas. (shrink)

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama kūrybinė klasė. Kritikuojama R. Floridos samprata, pasak kurios, tai – visuomenės grupė, gaminanti ekonomines vertes savo kūrybine veikla. Anot straipsnio autoriaus, ne visi kūrybininkai įsitraukia į ekonominę veiklą ir ne visi kūrybos produktai dalyvauja ekonominėje apyvartoje. Demokratija kaip daugumos valdžia pati savaime nesuponuoja nei kūrybos visuomenės, nei jos kūrybinės raidos, o medijuota visuomenė netgi stabdo kūrybos sklaidą nepaisant atsivėrusių neribotų komunikacinių perspektyvų. Apie kūrybinę klasę galima kalbėti tik tuo atveju, jeigu nuo jos atskiriame kažkokias kitas mažiau kūrybingas ar (...) nekūrybingas klases. Straipsnyje keliami klausimai: ar kitos – mažiau kūrybingos (nekūrybingos) – klasės yra kūrybos visuomenės dalis; koks jų vaidmuo ne tik apibrėžiant kūrybinę klasę, bet ir formuojantis kūrybos visuomenei; kuo remdamiesi neigiame šių klasių teisę į kūrybingumą, kuri neatsiejama nuo žmogaus veiklos apskritai; koks sąmoningo tapatinimosi su kūrybos klase vaidmuo apibrėžiant kūrybininką; ar kūrybinė klasė nėra priedanga plėtoti tam tikru išskirtinumu paremtą politiką; ar kūrybinėje aplinkoje gali tarpti ir nekūrybingi individai; ar mažiau kūrybingos (nekūrybingos) klasės apibrėžtinos tik neigiamai (kaip stokojančios kūrybingumo); ar kūrybos visuomenėje mažiau kūrybingų (nekūrybingų) klasių laukia neišvengiama ekspropriacija? (shrink)

The present article revolves around the notion of universality and its relation to freedom and temporal orientation in contemporary political thought, with a focus on Susan Buck-Morss' notion of universality. The purpose is twofold. Firstly, I discern and critique the historico-political premises of her approach. Secondly, I suggest an alternative historico-political approach to universality addressing the drawbacks of her approach. I present three objections to her approach. Drawing on Arendt's distinction between liberation and the practice of freedom, I first present (...) a critique of the conceptualisation of freedom on which Buck-Morss' approach hinges, arguing that she overemphasises the moment of liberation. Thereafter, I turn to her reflections on historical orientation. My third objection concentrates on Buck-Morss' concept of universality. As a heuristic tool to expound on my critique, I activate the distinction between fictive and ideal universality as suggested by Étienne Balibar. I contend that Arendt's distinction between liberation and the practice of freedom efficiently elucidates the questions at stake in Balibar's discussion, as well as how his distinction points to the limits of Buck-Morss' argumentation. Ultimately, I contend that these critical remarks open up for a more dialectical approach to universality as a historical-political problem. (shrink)

El concepto de autopoiesis ha tenido un importante impacto en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, en la filosofía y las humanidades en general. Algunos intelectuales contemporáneos han llevado a cabo una apropiación crítica del mismo y otrxs han realizado una traspolación directa desde la biología hacia sus respectivas disciplinas y campos de interés. El objetivo del presente artículo es desarrollar un estudio comparativo sobre ciertos usos críticos y no críticos del concepto de autopoiesis que, en su mayoría, hasta el (...) momento no han sido examinados en profundidad y menos aún de una manera comparativa. Se trata de trabajos de investigadorxs con recorridos, intereses y posiciones ético-políticas diversas: Terry Winograd y Fernando Flores, Arturo Escobar, Félix Guattari, Rosi Braidotti, Sylvia Wynter y Donna Haraway. (shrink)

and the one in the middle which judges as he enjoys and enjoys as he judges. This latter kind really reproduces the work of art anew. The division of our Symposium into three sections is justified by the fact that phenomenology, from Husserl, Heidegger, Moritz Geiger, Ingarden, in Germany and Poland, Merleau-Ponty, Paul Ricoeur, E. Levinas in France, Unamuno in Spain, and Tymieniecka, in the United States, have revealed striking coincidences in trying to answer the following questions: What is the (...) philosophical vocation of literature? Does literature have any significance for our lives? Why does the lyric moment, present in all creative endeavors, in myth, dance, plastic art, ritual, poetry, lift the human life to a higher and authentically human level of the existential experience of man? Our investigations answer our fundamental inquiry: What makes a literary work a work of art? What makes a literary work a literary work, if not aesthetic enjoyment? As much as the formation of an aesthetic language culminates in artistic creation, the formation of a philosophical language lives within the orbit of creative imagination. (shrink)