Results for 'Sven Vrins'

978 found
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  1.  27
    Facing threat: Infants' and adults' visual scanning of faces with neutral, happy, sad, angry, and fearful emotional expressions.Sabine Hunnius, Tessa Cj de Wit, Sven Vrins & Claes von Hofsten - 2011 - Cognition and Emotion 25 (2):193-205.
    Human faces are among the most important visual stimuli that we encounter at all ages. This importance partly stems from the face as a conveyer of information on the emotional state of other individuals. Previous research has demonstrated specific scanning patterns in response to threat-related compared to non-threat-related emotional expressions. This study investigated how visual scanning patterns toward faces which display different emotional expressions develop during infancy. The visual scanning patterns of 4-month-old and 7-month-old infants and adults when looking at (...)
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  2. Self-Driving Vehicles—an Ethical Overview.Sven Ove Hansson, Matts-Åke Belin & Björn Lundgren - 2021 - Philosophy and Technology 34 (4):1383-1408.
    The introduction of self-driving vehicles gives rise to a large number of ethical issues that go beyond the common, extremely narrow, focus on improbable dilemma-like scenarios. This article provides a broad overview of realistic ethical issues related to self-driving vehicles. Some of the major topics covered are as follows: Strong opinions for and against driverless cars may give rise to severe social and political conflicts. A low tolerance for accidents caused by driverless vehicles may delay the introduction of driverless systems (...)
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  3. Formalization in philosophy.Sven Ove Hansson - 2000 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 6 (2):162-175.
    The advantages and disadvantages of formalization in philosophy are summarized. It is concluded that formalized philosophy is an endangered speciality that needs to be revitalized and to increase its interactions with non-formalized philosophy. The enigmatic style that is common in philosophical logic must give way to explicit discussions of the problematic relationship between formal models and the philosophical concepts and issues that motivated their development.
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  4. Falsificationism falsified.Sven Ove Hansson - 2006 - Foundations of Science 11 (3):275-286.
    A conceptual analysis of falsificationism is performed, in which the central falsificationist thesis is divided into several components. Furthermore, an empirical study of falsification in science is reported, based on the 70 scientific contributions that were published as articles in Nature in 2000. Only one of these articles conformed to the falsificationist recipe for successful science, namely the falsification of a hypothesis that is more accessible to falsification than to verification. It is argued that falsificationism relies on an incorrect view (...)
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  5. Ten philosophical problems in belief revision.Sven Ove Hansson - 2003
    The paper introduces ten open problems in belief revision theory, related to the representation of the belief state, to different notions of degrees of belief, and to the nature of change operations. It is argued that these problems are all issues in philosopical logic, in the strong sense of requiring inputs from both logic and philosophy for their solution.
     
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  6. Theory contraction and base contraction unified.Sven Ove Hansson - 1993 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 58 (2):602-625.
    One way to construct a contraction operator for a theory (belief set) is to assign to it a base (belief base) and an operator of partial meet contraction for that base. Axiomatic characterizations are given of the theory contractions that are generated in this way by (various types of) partial meet base contractions.
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  7. New operators for theory change.Sven Ove Hansson - 1989 - Theoria 55 (2):114.
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  8.  91
    What's new isn't always best.Sven Ove Hansson - 1997 - Theoria 63 (1-2):1-13.
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  9.  69
    Preferences.Sven Ove Hansson & Till Grüne-Yanoff - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  10. Values in pure and applied science.Sven Ove Hansson - 2007 - Foundations of Science 12 (3):257-268.
    In pure science, the standard approach to non-epistemic values is to exclude them as far as possible from scientific deliberations. When science is applied to practical decisions, non-epistemic values cannot be excluded. Instead, they have to be combined with scientific information in a way that leads to practically optimal decisions. A normative model is proposed for the processing of information in both pure and applied science. A general-purpose corpus of scientific knowledge, with high entry requirements, has a central role in (...)
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  11.  11
    Die Würde des Sports ist unantastbar: zur Auseinandersetzung mit Mythen des Sports.Sven Güldenpfennig - 2010 - Sankt Augustin: Academia-Verlag.
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  12.  98
    The limits of precaution.Sven Ove Hansson - 1997 - Foundations of Science 2 (2):293-306.
    The maximin rule can be used as a formal version of the precautionary principle. This paper evaluates the feasibility and the intuitive plausibility of this decision rule. The major conclusions are: (1) Precaution has to be applied symmetrically. (2) Precaution is only possible when outcomes are comparable in terms of value, so that it can be determined which outcome is worst. (3) Precaution is sensitive to standards of possibility. Far-away scenarios have to be excluded, and it is difficult to find (...)
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  13. What is philosophy of risk?Sven Ove Hansson - 1996 - Theoria 62 (1-2):169-186.
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  14. How to define: a tutorial.Sven Ove Hansson - 2006 - Princípios 13 (19):05-30.
    Practical methods are introduced for the construction of definitions, both for philosophical purposes and for uses in other disciplines. The structural and contentual requirements on definitions are clarified. It is emphasized that the development of a definition should begin with careful choice of a primary definiendum, followed by the selection of appropriate variables for the definition. Two methods are proposed for the construction of the definiens, the case list method and the method of successive improvements. Four classes of concepts are (...)
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  15. Fallacies of Risk.Sven Ove Hansson - unknown
    discussions of risk contain logical and argumentative fallacies that are specific to the subject-matter. Ten such fallacies are identified, that can commonly be found in public debates on risk. They are named as follows: the sheer size fallacy, the converse sheer size fallacy, the fallacy of naturalness, the ostrich's fallacy, the proof-seeking fallacy, the delay fallacy, the technocratic fallacy, the consensus fallacy, the fallacy of pricing, and the infallability fallacy.
     
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  16. The Harmful Influence of Decision Theory on Ethics.Sven Ove Hansson - 2010 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 13 (5):585-593.
    In the last half century, decision theory has had a deep influence on moral theory. Its impact has largely been beneficial. However, it has also given rise to some problems, two of which are discussed here. First, issues such as risk-taking and risk imposition have been left out of ethics since they are believed to belong to decision theory, and consequently the ethical aspects of these issues have not been treated in either discipline. Secondly, ethics has adopted the decision-theoretical idea (...)
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  17.  38
    Outcome level analysis of belief contraction.Sven Ove Hansson - 2013 - Review of Symbolic Logic 6 (2):183-204.
    The outcome set of a belief change operator is the set of outcomes that can be obtained with it. Axiomatic characterizations are reported for the outcome sets of the standard AGM contraction operators and eight types of base-generated contraction. These results throw new light on the properties of some of these operators.
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  18.  48
    Should we avoid moral dilemmas?Sven Hansson - 1998 - Journal of Value Inquiry 32 (3):407-416.
  19.  63
    Mild contraction. Evaluating loss of information due to loss of belief.Sven Ove Hansson - 2004 - Studia Logica 82 (2):293-295.
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  20.  66
    Money-pumps, self-torturers and the demons of real life.Sven Ove Hansson - 1993 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 71 (4):476 – 485.
  21.  68
    What is ceteris paribus preference?Sven Ove Hansson - 1996 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 25 (3):307 - 332.
    A general format is introduced for deriving preferences over states of affairs from preferences over a set of contextually complete alternatives. Formal results are given both for this general format and for a specific instance of it that is a plausible explication of ceteris paribus preference.
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  22. Uncertainty and the ethics of clinical trials.Sven Ove Hansson - 2006 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 27 (2):149-167.
    A probabilistic explication is offered of equipoise and uncertainty in clinical trials. In order to be useful in the justification of clinical trials, equipoise has to be interpreted in terms of overlapping probability distributions of possible treatment outcomes, rather than point estimates representing expectation values. Uncertainty about treatment outcomes is shown to be a necessary but insufficient condition for the ethical defensibility of clinical trials. Additional requirements are proposed for the nature of that uncertainty. The indecisiveness of our criteria for (...)
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  23. How not to defend science. A Decalogue for science defenders.Sven Ove Hansson - 2020 - Disputatio 9 (13).
    The public defence of science has never been more important than now. However, it is a difficult task with many pitfalls, and there are mechanisms that can make it counterproductive. This article offers advice for science defenders, summarized in ten commandments that warn against potentially ineffective or even backfiring practices in the defence of science: Do not portray science as a unique type of knowledge. Do not underestimate scientific uncertainty. Do not describe science as infallible. Do not deny the value-ladenness (...)
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  24.  52
    The modes of value.Sven Ove Hansson - 2001 - Philosophical Studies 104 (1):33 - 46.
    Contrary to the received view, decision theory is not primarily devoted to instrumental (ends-to-means) reasoning. Instead, its major preoccupation is the derivation of ends from other ends. Given preferences over basic alternatives, it constructs preferences over alternatives that have been modified through the addition of value object modifiers (modes) that specify probability, uncertainty, distance in time etc. A typology of the decision-theoretical modes is offered. The modes do not have (even extrinsic) value, but they transform the value of objects to (...)
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  25.  25
    Informal Networks, Informal Institutions, and Social Exclusion in the Workplace: Insights from Subsidiaries of Multinational Corporations in Korea.Sven Horak & Yuliani Suseno - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 186 (3):633-655.
    Drawing on interviews with decision makers in multinational corporations (MNCs) in South Korea, we examine the role of informal networks in the social exclusion of women in the workforce. Although legislation in the country is in favor of gender equality, we found that informal barriers in the workplace remain difficult to overcome. Informal networks in Korea, yongo, present an ethical issue in the workplace, as they tend to socially exclude women, limiting possibilities for their participation and career progression. We found (...)
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  26.  97
    How not to change the theory of theory change: A reply to Tennant.Sven Ove Hansson & Hans Rott - 1995 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 46 (3):361-380.
    A number of seminal papers on the logic of belief change by Alchourrön, Gärden-fors, and Makinson have given rise to what is now known as the AGM paradigm. The present discussion note is a response to Neil Tennant's [1994], which aims at a critical appraisal of the AGM approach and the introduction of an alternative approach. We show that important parts of Tennants's critical remarks are based on misunderstandings or on lack of information. In the course of doing this, we (...)
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  27.  12
    Prediction of Disorientation by Accelerometric and Gait Features in Young and Older Adults Navigating in a Virtually Enriched Environment.Stefan J. Teipel, Chimezie O. Amaefule, Stefan Lüdtke, Doreen Görß, Sofia Faraza, Sven Bruhn & Thomas Kirste - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    ObjectiveTo determine whether gait and accelerometric features can predict disorientation events in young and older adults.MethodsCognitively healthy younger and older participants navigated on a treadmill through a virtual representation of the city of Rostock featured within the Gait Real-Time Analysis Interactive Lab system. We conducted Bayesian Poisson regression to determine the association of navigation performance with domain-specific cognitive functions. We determined associations of gait and accelerometric features with disorientation events in real-time data using Bayesian generalized mixed effect models. The accuracy (...)
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  28.  55
    The rôle of language in belief revision.Sven Ove Hansson - 2002 - Studia Logica 70 (1):5 - 21.
    Analytical tools that give precision to the concept of "independence of syntax" are developed in the form of a series of substitutivity principles. These principles are applied in a study of the rôle of language in belief revision theory. It is shown that sets of sentences can be used in models of belief revision to convey more information than what is conveyed by the combined propositional contents of the respective sets. It is argued that it would be unwise to programmatically (...)
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  29.  30
    Two new fallacies.Sven Ove Hansson - 2024 - Theoria 90 (3):259-262.
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  30. Teknik och etik.Sven Ove Hansson - unknown
    Avdelningen för Filosofi, Institutionen för Filosofi och Teknikhistoria, KTH, Stockholm. Detta dokument får tills vidare fritt användas och kopieras.
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  31. Tant de pseudosciences, si peu de pseudotechnologies.Sven Ove Hansson - 2022 - Mεtascience: Discours Général Scientifique 2:267-283. Translated by François Maurice.
    Après un examen des emplois antérieurs du terme « pseudotechnologie », une définition est proposée : « Une pseudotechnologie est une technologie présumée, irrémédiablement dysfonctionnelle pour l’usage auquel elle est destinée, puisqu’elle est basée sur des principes de construction qui ne peuvent pas être mis en œuvre ». La relation entre la pseudotechnologie et la pseudoscience est examinée, tout comme la relation entre la pseudotechnologie et le concept beaucoup plus faible de malfonction technologique. Une explication est proposée de la raison (...)
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  32. The dual nature of technological concepts.Sven Ove Hansson - unknown
    Value statements can be divided into three major groups according to how their criteria of evaluation are specified. The first of these groups consists of those value statements that are unspecified with respect to the criteria of evaluation. Here is one example: Her decision was very good. The second group consists of the viewpoint-specified value statements. In these value statements, an explicit point of view is given, from which the evaluation is made. We often use adverbs such as “morally”, “aesthetically” (...)
     
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  33.  56
    Research on research evaluation.Sven Hemlin - 1996 - Social Epistemology 10 (2):209 – 250.
  34. Women and minorities in philosophy.Sven Ove Hansson - 2010 - Theoria 76 (1):1-3.
  35.  8
    The dangers of science exceptionalism.Sven Ove Hansson - 2024 - Theoria 90 (5):451-455.
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  36.  49
    Should we be politically correct?Sven Ove Hansson - 2023 - Theoria 89 (4):409-413.
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  37.  8
    The co-occurrence test for non-monotonic inference.Sven Ove Hansson - 2016 - Artificial Intelligence 234 (C):190-195.
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  38.  42
    The revenger's paradox.Sven Ove Hansson - 1991 - Philosophical Studies 61 (3):301 - 305.
  39. Objective or subjective 'ought'?Sven Ove Hansson - 2010 - Utilitas 22 (1):33-35.
    The prescriptive has both an objective and a subjective interpretation. In the objective sense, what one ought to do depends on what is actually true. In the subjective sense it depends on what one believes to be true. Ordinary usage seems to vacillate between these two interpretations. An example (the indecisive terrorist) is used to show that a subjective ought statement can have a determinate truth-value in situations where the corresponding objective ought statement has no truth-value, not even an unknowable (...)
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  40.  36
    The Moral Oracle’s Test.Sven Ove Hansson - 2014 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 17 (4):643-651.
    When presented with a situation involving an agent’s choice between alternative actions, a moral oracle says what the agent is allowed to do. The oracle bases her advice on some moral theory, but the nature of that theory is not known by us. The moral oracle’s test consists in determining whether a series of questions to the oracle can be so constructed that her answers will reveal which of two given types of theories she adheres to. The test can be (...)
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  41. Ten Commandments for Journal Referees.Sven Ove Hansson - 2013 - Theoria 79 (3):187-188.
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  42.  29
    Preferences and Alternatives.Sven Ove Hansson - 1999 - Critica 31 (92):53-66.
  43.  65
    Seventy-five years of theoria.Sven Ove Hansson - 2009 - Theoria 75 (1):1-1.
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  44. Three Approaches to Finitude in Belief Change.Sven Ove Hansson - 2007 - In J. Josefsson D. Egonsson, Hommage à Wlodek. Philosophical Papers Dedicated to Wlodek Rabinowicz.
     
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  45. The Future for Philosophy, edited by Brian Leiter.Sven Ove Hansson - 2006 - Disputatio.
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  46.  46
    The Modal Status of Philosophy.Sven Ove Hansson - 2006 - Theoria 72 (3):173-176.
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  47.  54
    Thomas Nagel – Rolf Schock prize laureate.Sven Ove Hansson - 2009 - Theoria 75 (2):75-75.
  48.  62
    The obligations of philosophers.Sven Ove Hansson - 2008 - Theoria 74 (3):179-180.
  49.  15
    Technology, Prosperity and Risk.Sven Ove Hansson - 2012 - In Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen Friis, Stig Andur Pedersen & Vincent F. Hendricks, A Companion to the Philosophy of Technology. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 481–494.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Technological Risks Future Technology Dealing with Technological Uncertainty How Special Is Technology? References and Further Reading.
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  50.  41
    The Philosophy of Black Lives Matter.Sven Ove Hansson - 2020 - Theoria 86 (5):537-542.
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