Results for 'Sophia Korb'

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  1. (1 other version)Bayesian Informal Logic and Fallacy.Kevin Korb - 2003 - Informal Logic 23 (1).
    Bayesian reasoning has been applied formally to statistical inference, machine learning and analysing scientific method. Here I apply it informally to more common forms of inference, namely natural language arguments. I analyse a variety of traditional fallacies, deductive, inductive and causal, and find more merit in them than is generally acknowledged. Bayesian principles provide a framework for understanding ordinary arguments which is well worth developing.
     
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  2. A New Causal Power Theory.Kevin B. Korb, Erik P. Nyberg & Lucas Hope - 2011 - In Phyllis McKay Illari Federica Russo, Causality in the Sciences. Oxford University Press.
     
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  3.  62
    The Collapse of Collective Defeat: Lessons from the Lottery Paradox.Kevin B. Korb - 1992 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1992:230-236.
    The Lottery Paradox has been thought to provide a reductio argument against probabilistic accounts of inductive inference. As a result, much work in artificial intelligence has concentrated on qualitative methods of inference, including default logics, which are intended to model some varieties of inductive inference. It has recently been shown that the paradox can be generated within qualitative default logics. However, John Pollock's qualitative system of defeasible inference, does avoid the Lottery Paradox by incorporating a rule designed specifically for that (...)
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  4.  25
    Face proprioception does not modulate access to visual awareness of emotional faces in a continuous flash suppression paradigm.Sebastian Korb, Sofia A. Osimo, Tiziano Suran, Ariel Goldstein & Raffaella Ida Rumiati - 2017 - Consciousness and Cognition 51:166-180.
  5. Evolution unbound: releasing the arrow of complexity.Kevin B. Korb & Alan Dorin - 2011 - Biology and Philosophy 26 (3):317-338.
    The common opinion has been that evolution results in the continuing development of more complex forms of life, generally understood as more complex organisms. The arguments supporting that opinion have recently come under scrutiny and been found wanting. Nevertheless, the appearance of increasing complexity remains. So, is there some sense in which evolution does grow complexity? Artificial life simulations have consistently failed to reproduce even the appearance of increasing complexity, which poses a challenge. Simulations, as much as scientific theories, are (...)
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  6. A Bayesian approach to the validation of agent-based models.Kevin Korb, Nicholas Geard & Alan Dorin - unknown
     
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  7.  23
    Facial responses of adult humans during the anticipation and consumption of touch and food rewards.Sebastian Korb, Claudia Massaccesi, Andreas Gartus, Johan N. Lundström, Raffaella Rumiati, Christoph Eisenegger & Giorgia Silani - 2020 - Cognition 194 (C):104044.
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  8.  23
    Individuals vs. BARD: Experimental Evaluation of an Online System for Structured, Collaborative Bayesian Reasoning.Kevin B. Korb, Erik P. Nyberg, Abraham Oshni Alvandi, Shreshth Thakur, Mehmet Ozmen, Yang Li, Ross Pearson & Ann E. Nicholson - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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  9.  95
    Subject and body in baṣran mu‘tazilism, or: Mu‘tazilite kalām and the fear of triviality: Sophia Vasalou.Sophia Vasalou - 2007 - Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 17 (2):267-298.
    In this paper, my aim is to offer some comments on the study of Mu‘tazilite kalām, framed around the study of a particular episode in the Mu‘tazilite dispute about man – a question with a deceptively Aristotelian cadence that is not too difficult to dispel. Within this episode, my focus is on one of the major arguments used by the late Baṣrans to hold up their side of the dispute, and on the relationship between the mental and the physical which (...)
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  10.  50
    Increased Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Decreased Zygomaticus Activation in Response to Disliked Smiles Suggest Top-Down Inhibition of Facial Mimicry.Sebastian Korb, Robin Goldman, Richard J. Davidson & Paula M. Niedenthal - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  11.  54
    Searle's AI program.Kevin B. Korb - 1991 - Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 3:283-96.
  12.  51
    Probabilistic causal structure.Kevin B. Korb - 1999 - In Howard Sankey, Causation and Laws of Nature. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 265--311.
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  13.  60
    "Russische" cyberfeministische Strategien zwischen Realität, Virtualität und Fiktion Ein Dialog.Andrea Jana Korb - 2001 - Die Philosophin 12 (24):67-80.
  14. The causal interpretation of Bayesian Networks.Kevin Korb & Ann Nicholson - unknown
     
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  15.  40
    The essential roles of emotion in cognitive architecture.Kevin B. Korb & Ann E. Nicholson - 2000 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (2):205-206.
    Rolls's presentation of emotion as integral to cognition is a welcome counter to a long tradition of treating them as antagonists. His eduction of experimental evidence in support of this view is impressive. However, we find his excursion into the philosophy of consciousness less successful. Rolls gives syntactical manipulation the central role in consciousness (in stark contrast to Searle, for whom “mere” syntax inevitably falls short of consciousness), and leaves us wondering about the roles left for emotion after all.
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  16.  11
    Evolving Ethics: The New Science of Good and Evil.Steven Mascaro, Kevin B. Korb, Ann E. Nicholson & Owen Woodberry - 2010 - Imprint Academic.
    This book describes the application of Artificial Life simulation to evolutionary scenarios of wide ethical interest, including the evolution of altruism, rape and abortion, providing a new meaning to “experimental philosophy”. The authors also apply evolutionary ALife techniques to explore contentious issues within evolutionary theory itself, such as the evolution of aging. They justify these uses of simulation in science and philosophy, both in general and in their specific applications here.Evolving Ethics will be of interest to researchers, enthusiasts, students and (...)
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  17.  19
    Feminist Theory Out of Science.Sophia Roosth, Astrid Schrader & Lynda J. Jentsch - 2012 - Duke University Press.
    Attending to the rich entanglements of scientific and critical theory, contributors to this issue scrutinize phenomena in nature to explore new territory in feminist science studies. With a special focus on relating theory to method, these scholars generate new feminist approaches to scientific practice. Contributors probe this relationship by way of topics from poetics of human-jellyfish interactions to a feminist reconsideration of a well-known thought experiment in thermodynamics. Two contributors analyze plant-insect encounter research to spin their own symbiotically inflected account (...)
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  18.  41
    Capitalism and crises: A comparative analysis of mainstream and heterodox perceptions and related ethical considerations.Sophia Kuehnlenz, Valeria Andreoni & Imko Meyenburg - 2023 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 32 (S1):52-64.
    This paper analyses the main perceptions of capitalism and crises from a mainstream and heterodox perspective. Broadly defined within the neoclassical structure, the mainstream approaches support the idea of long-term stability of capitalism and describe crises as exogenous events. The heterodox perceptions, on the contrary, perceive crises as an internal feature of capitalism and propose to reframe the global economy within the limits of the socio-environmental systems. Despite the historical recurrence of crises, the neoclassic capitalist framework and the related mainstream (...)
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  19.  21
    Multi-professional perspectives to reduce moral distress: A qualitative investigation.Sophia Fantus, Rebecca Cole, Timothy J. Usset & Lataya E. Hawkins - 2024 - Nursing Ethics 31 (8):1513-1523.
    Background Encounters of moral distress have long-term consequences on healthcare workers’ physical and mental health, leading to job dissatisfaction, reduced patient care, and high levels of burnout, exhaustion, and intentions to quit. Yet, research on approaches to ameliorate moral distress across the health workforce is limited. Research Objective The aim of our study was to qualitatively explore multi-professional perspectives of healthcare social workers, chaplains, and patient liaisons on ways to reduce moral distress and heighten well-being at a southern U.S. academic (...)
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  20. Is it possible to give scientific solutions to Grand Challenges? On the idea of grand challenges for life science research.Sophia Efstathiou - 2016 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 56:46-61.
    This paper argues that challenges that are grand in scope such as "lifelong health and wellbeing", "climate action", or "food security" cannot be addressed through scientific research only. Indeed scientific research could inhibit addressing such challenges if scientific analysis constrains the multiple possible understandings of these challenges into already available scientific categories and concepts without translating between these and everyday concerns. This argument builds on work in philosophy of science and race to postulate a process through which non-scientific notions become (...)
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  21. The power of intervention.Kevin B. Korb & Erik Nyberg - 2006 - Minds and Machines 16 (3):289-302.
    We further develop the mathematical theory of causal interventions, extending earlier results of Korb, Twardy, Handfield, & Oppy, (2005) and Spirtes, Glymour, Scheines (2000). Some of the skepticism surrounding causal discovery has concerned the fact that using only observational data can radically underdetermine the best explanatory causal model, with the true causal model appearing inferior to a simpler, faithful model (cf. Cartwright, (2001). Our results show that experimental data, together with some plausible assumptions, can reduce the space of viable (...)
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  22.  57
    Stephen Jay Gould on intelligence.Kevin B. Korb - 1994 - Cognition 52 (2):111-123.
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  23.  28
    Schopenhauer and the Aesthetic Standpoint: Philosophy as a Practice of the Sublime.Sophia Vasalou - 2013 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    With its pessimistic vision and bleak message of world-denial, it has often been difficult to know how to engage with Schopenhauer's philosophy. Schopenhauer's arguments have seemed flawed and his doctrines marred by inconsistencies; his very pessimism almost too flamboyant to be believable. Yet a way of redrawing this engagement stands open, Sophia Vasalou argues, if we attend more closely to the visionary power of Schopenhauer's work. The aim of this book is to place the aesthetic character of Schopenhauer's standpoint (...)
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  24. A refutation of the doomsday argument.Kevin B. Korb & Jonathan J. Oliver - 1998 - Mind 107 (426):403-410.
    Carter and Leslie's Doomsday Argument maintains that reflection upon the number of humans born thus far, when that number is viewed as having been uniformly randomly selected from amongst all humans, past, present and future, leads to a dramatic rise in the probability of an early end to the human experiment. We examine the Bayesian structure of the Argument and find that the drama is largely due to its oversimplification.
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  25. Introduction: Machine learning as philosophy of science.Kevin B. Korb - 2004 - Minds and Machines 14 (4):433-440.
    I consider three aspects in which machine learning and philosophy of science can illuminate each other: methodology, inductive simplicity and theoretical terms. I examine the relations between the two subjects and conclude by claiming these relations to be very close.
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  26. Apragatic Bayesian Platform for Automating Scientific Induction.Kevin B. Korb - 1992 - Dissertation, Indiana University
    This work provides a conceptual foundation for a Bayesian approach to artificial inference and learning. I argue that Bayesian confirmation theory provides a general normative theory of inductive learning and therefore should have a role in any artificially intelligent system that is to learn inductively about its world. I modify the usual Bayesian theory in three ways directly pertinent to an eventual research program in artificial intelligence. First, I construe Bayesian inference rules as defeasible, allowing them to be overridden in (...)
     
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  27.  22
    Synesthesia and Method.Kevin Korb - 1995 - PSYCHE: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research On Consciousness 2.
    Richard Cytowic has done considerable service to the scientific study of synesthesia, conducting important research and publishing two recent books on the subject. The study of synesthesia raises interesting questions about scientific method, both because of the negative reception it received initially--often being viewed as tainted by a reliance upon introspective reports--and because of the connections Cytowic has found between synesthetic perception and the limbic system, thereby possibly undermining some of the claims to objectivity in perception and scientific method. I (...)
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  28.  31
    Faces of Inequality: A Theory of Wrongful Discrimination.Sophia Reibetanz Moreau - 2020 - Oup Usa.
    This book defends an original and pluralist theory of when and why discrimination wrongs people, in particular, through unfair subordination, through the violation of their right to a particular deliberative freedom, or through the denial to them of access to a basic good.
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  29.  21
    Red Foxes in the Filing Cabinet: Günter Tembrock's Image Collection and Media Use in Mid‐Century Ethology*.Sophia Gräfe - 2022 - Berichte Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 45 (1-2):55-86.
    Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Volume 45, Issue 1-2, Page 55-86, June 2022.
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  30. In search of the philosopher's stone: Remarks on Humphreys and Freedman's critique of causal discovery.Kevin B. Korb & Chris S. Wallace - 1997 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 48 (4):543-553.
  31.  41
    Aristotle on Female Animals: A Study of the Generation of Animals.Sophia M. Connell - 2015 - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Aristotle's account of female nature has received mostly negative treatment, emphasising what he says females cannot do. Building on recent research, this book comprehensively revises such readings, setting out the complex and positive role played by the female in Aristotle's thought with a particular focus on the longest surviving treatise on reproduction in the ancient corpus, the Generation of Animals. It provides new interpretations of the nature of Aristotle's sexism, his theory of male and female interaction in generation, and his (...)
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  32. Interests Behind Directed Doxastic Wrongs.Sophia Dandelet - forthcoming - Analysis.
    Very often, when a belief or a method of reasoning strikes us as morally wrong, it also seems to wrong someone in particular. For instance, if an acquaintance j.
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  33.  48
    The time has come to extend the 14-day limit.Sophia McCully - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (12):66-66.
    For the past 40 years, the 14-day rule has governed and, by defining a clear boundary, enabled embryo research and the clinical benefits derived from this. It has been both a piece of legislation and a rule of good practice globally. However, methods now allow embryos to be cultured for more than 14 days, something difficult to imagine when the rule was established, and knowledge gained in the intervening years provides robust scientific rationale for why it is now essential to (...)
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  34.  21
    Cooperative inference: Features, objects, and collections.Sophia Ray Searcy & Patrick Shafto - 2016 - Psychological Review 123 (5):510-533.
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  35. (1 other version)Actual Causation by Probabilistic Active Paths.Charles R. Twardy & Kevin B. Korb - 2011 - Philosophy of Science 78 (5):900-913.
    We present a probabilistic extension to active path analyses of token causation (Halpern & Pearl 2001, forthcoming; Hitchcock 2001). The extension uses the generalized notion of intervention presented in (Korb et al. 2004): we allow an intervention to set any probability distribution over the intervention variables, not just a single value. The resulting account can handle a wide range of examples. We do not claim the account is complete --- only that it fills an obvious gap in previous active-path (...)
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  36.  49
    Stage Effects in the Cartesian Theater: A review of Daniel Dennett's Consciousness Explained. [REVIEW]Kevin Korb - 1994 - PSYCHE: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research On Consciousness 1.
  37.  70
    “Bad philosophy” and “derivative philosophy”: Labels that keep women out of the canon.Sophia M. Connell & Frederique Janssen-Lauret - 2023 - Metaphilosophy 54 (2-3):238-253.
    Efforts to include women in the canon have long been beset by reactionary gatekeeping, typified by the charge “That's not philosophy.” That charge doesn't apply to early and mid‐analytic female philosophers—Welby, Ladd‐Franklin, Bryant, Jones, de Laguna, Stebbing, Ambrose, MacDonald—with job titles like lecturer in logic and professor of philosophy and publications in Mind, the Journal of Philosophy, and Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. It's hopeless to dismiss their work as “not philosophy.” But comparable reactionary gatekeeping affects them, this paper argues, (...)
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  38. Thinking Bodies: Aristotle on the Biological Basis of Human Cognition.Sophia Connell - 2021 - In Pavel Gregoric & Jakob Leth Fink, Encounters with Aristotelian Philosophy of Mind. New York, NY: Routledge.
    This paper aims to establish that, for Aristotle, the state of the physical body is crucial to the human capacity for theoretical understanding. In recent years, scholars have begun to recognise the importance of Aristotle’s biological writings for understanding his psychology, after the relative neglect of these connections. The relevance in particular of the so-called Parva naturalia, small works on what is common to body and soul, and the De motu animalium, a work devoted to animal motion in broad terms, (...)
     
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  39. Interdisciplinarity in action.Sophia Efstathiou & Zara Mirmalek - 2014 - In Nancy Cartwright & Eleonora Montuschi, Philosophy of Social Science: A New Introduction. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
     
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  40. At Home with Down Syndrome and Gender.Sophia Isako Wong - 2002 - Hypatia 17 (3):89-117.
    I argue that there is an important analogy between sex selection and selective abortion of fetuses diagnosed with Down syndrome. There are surprising parallels between the social construction of Down syndrome as a disability and the deeply entrenched institutionalization of sexual difference in many societies. Prevailing concepts of gender and mental retardation exert a powerful influence in constructing the sexual identities and life plans of people with Down syndrome, and also affect their families' lives.1.
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  41. What is discrimination?Sophia Moreau - 2010 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 38 (2):143-179.
  42. Validity as a thick concept.Sophia Arbeiter - 2023 - Philosophical Studies 180 (10):2937-2953.
    This paper presents a novel position in the philosophy of logic: I argue that _validity_ is a thick concept. Hence, I propose to consider _validity_ in analogy to other thick concepts, such as _honesty_, _selfishness_ or _justice_. This proposal is motivated by the debate on the normativity of logic: while logic textbooks seem simply descriptive in their presentation of logical truths, many have argued that logic has consequences for how we ought to reason, for what we ought to believe, or (...)
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  43. Philosophical Essays on Aristotle’s Historia Animalium.Sophia Connell (ed.) - forthcoming
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  44.  7
    Liebe als Kommunikationsmedium und als Affektion: die Systemtheorie von Niklas Luhmann und die Lebensphänomenologie von Michel Henry im Vergleich.Sophia Kattelmann - 2011 - Nordhausen: Verlag Traugott Bautz.
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  45. Explaining science.Kevin B. Korb - 1991 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 42 (2):239-253.
  46.  20
    Origin and development of primary animal epithelia.Sophia Doerr, Phillip Zhou & Katerina Ragkousi - 2024 - Bioessays 46 (2):2300150.
    Epithelia are the first organized tissues that appear during development. In many animal embryos, early divisions give rise to a polarized monolayer, the primary epithelium, rather than a random aggregate of cells. Here, we review the mechanisms by which cells organize into primary epithelia in various developmental contexts. We discuss how cells acquire polarity while undergoing early divisions. We describe cases where oriented divisions constrain cell arrangement to monolayers including organization on top of yolk surfaces. We finally discuss how epithelia (...)
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  47. Epistemic Coercion.Sophia Dandelet - 2021 - Ethics 131 (3):489-510.
    In cases of self-gaslighting, the subject worries that other people will be skeptical of one of her beliefs—for instance, the belief that she has been sexually harassed. Prompted by this worry, she...
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  48.  96
    Comment on Nick Bostrom's 'the doomsday argument is alive and kicking'.KB Korb & JJ Oliver - 1999 - Mind 108 (431):551-553.
  49.  64
    Jon Williamson. Bayesian nets and causality: Philosophical and computational foundations.Kevin B. Korb - 2007 - Philosophia Mathematica 15 (3):389-396.
    Bayesian networks are computer programs which represent probabilitistic relationships graphically as directed acyclic graphs, and which can use those graphs to reason probabilistically , often at relatively low computational cost. Almost every expert system in the past tried to support probabilistic reasoning, but because of the computational difficulties they took approximating short-cuts, such as those afforded by MYCIN's certainty factors. That all changed with the publication of Judea Pearl's Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems, in 1988, which synthesized a decade of (...)
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  50.  17
    Epidural fat mesenchymal stem cells: Important microenvironmental regulators in health, disease, and regeneration.Sophia Shah, Sathvika Mudigonda, Alim P. Mitha, Paul Salo & Roman J. Krawetz - 2021 - Bioessays 43 (2):2000215.
    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in fat tissues throughout the body, yet little is known regarding their biological role within epidural fat. We hypothesize that debridement of epidural fat and/or subsequent loss of MSCs within this tissue, disrupts homeostasis in the vertebral environment resulting in increased inflammation, fibrosis, and decreased neovascularization leading to poorer functional outcomes post‐injury/operatively. Clinically, epidural fat is commonly considered a space‐filling tissue with limited functionality and therefore typically discarded during surgery. However, the presence of MSCs (...)
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