Micro-expressions, as fleeting facial expressions, are very important for judging people’s true emotions, thus can provide an essential behavioral clue for lie and dangerous demeanor detection. From embodied accounts of cognition, we derived a novel hypothesis that facial feedback from upper and lower facial regions has differential effects on micro-expression recognition. This hypothesis was tested and supported across three studies. Specifically, the results of Study 1 showed that people became better judges of intense micro-expressions with a duration of 450 ms (...) when the facial feedback from upper face was enhanced via a restricting gel. Additional results of Study 2 showed that the recognition accuracy of subtle micro-expressions was significantly impaired under all duration conditions (50 ms, 150 ms, 333 ms, and 450 ms) when facial feedback from lower face was enhanced. In addition, the results of Study 3 also revealed that blocking the facial feedback of lower face, significantly boosted the recognition accuracy of subtle and intense micro-expressions under all duration conditions (150 ms and 450 ms). Together, these results highlight the role of facial feedback in judging the subtle movements of micro-expressions. (shrink)

ObjectiveHormone positive breast cancer patients bear side effects of endocrine therapy and that may be related to depression and anxiety. We sought to find an association between mental health and side effects of endocrine therapy.MethodsA total of 398 patients participated. Sociodemographic, disease profile, and side effects questionnaires were administered. We screened for depressive and anxiety disorders by using the SDS and SAS.ResultsThe prevalence of depression and anxiety in our study were 33.4% and 13.3%, respectively. Depression was linked to education level, (...) night sweats, vaginal dryness, and fatigue ; anxiety was associated with education level, time to diagnosis, osteopenia, loss of hair, and fatigue. A stratified analysis according to age was performed as an exploratory. None of factor-age interactions was statistically significant.ConclusionSide effects of endocrine therapy were significantly associated with anxiety and depression. Side effects deserve greater emphasis and clinical interventions are needed to reduce anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients accepting ET. (shrink)

BackgroundRecently, considerable research has been conducted to study the effects of traditional Chinese exercises on cognitive function in older adults with MCI. We completed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of TCEs on cognitive function in this population.MethodsA search strategy based on the PICOS principle was used to find the literatures in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, SPORT-Discus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid. The quality and risk of bias in the (...) studies were independently assessed by two researchers.ResultsNine trials with 1,290 participants were included. The effect size of TCEs on global cognitive function was small when compared to the active control and was moderate compared to the inactive control; statistically significant effects were also found for short-term memory, long-term memory, shifting, language ability, visuospatial perception.ConclusionThis meta-analysis provides clinicians with moderate evidence to recommend that TCEs hold potential to enhance both global cognitive function and multiple domains of cognitive function, which, however, needs to be confirmed and further examined in futures studies. The results of this work provide critical knowledge for the design of future studies implementing TCEs as well as its clinical practice. Future RCTs with rigorous designs are needed to help obtain more definitive conclusions on the effects of TCEs on cognitive function in older adults with MCI. (shrink)

This study reveals that increases in the global population command an augmented demand for products and services that calls for more effective ways of using existing natural resources and materials. The recent development of information and communication technologies, which had a great impact on many areas, also had a damaging effect on the environment and human health. Therefore, societies are moving toward a greener future by reducing the consumption of nonrenewable materials, raw materials, and resources while at the same time (...) decreasing energy pollution and consumption. Since information technology is considered a tool for solving ecological difficulties, the green Internet of things is playing a vital role in creating a sustainable home. Extensive data analysis is required to obtain a valuable overview of the large and diverse data generated by the G-IoT. The gathered information will facilitate forecasting, decision-making, and other activities related to smart urban services and then contribute to the incessant development of G-IoT technology. Therefore, even if sustainable and smart cities become an actuality, the G-IoT approach and the knowledge gained through big data analysis will make cities more sustainable, safer, and smarter. The goal of this article is to combine innovation in technological development with the main focus on resource sharing in creating cities that improve the quality of life while reducing pollution and realizing more efficient use of the raw materials. In the practice of big data science, it is always of interest to provide the best description of the data under consideration. Recent studies have pointed out the applicability of the statistical distributions in modeling data in applied sciences. In this article, we introduce a new family of statistical models to provide the best description of the life span of the wireless sensors network’s data. Based on the proposed approach, a special submodel called new exponent power-Weibull distribution is studied in detail. The applicability of the proposed model is shown by analyzing the life span of the wireless sensors network’s data. (shrink)

Starting from the overwhelming view that time is metaphorically conceptualized in terms of space, this study will, on the one hand, take the time interval words into minute analysis to confirm our view of event conceptualization of time at a more basic level along with space–time metaphoric conceptualization of time at a relational level. In alignment with the epistemology of the time–space conflation of the Chinese ancestors, our view is supported by the systematic examination of evidence related to the cultural (...) origins of the conceptualization of time, through a scrutiny of the original meanings and construction of words related to intervals of time in Mandarin Chinese. This study offers a new explanation of how: the conceptualization of time in Chinese is realized through metonymic cognition and words related to specific intervals of time are coined based on the metonymic conceptualization of related events or a corresponding event schema. Five major types of event-based metonymies are identified, and their interactive functions are illustrated. Based on this evidence, we argue that the double nature of both metaphoric and metonymic time conceptualization in Mandarin Chinese lies in the fact that time interval words can be used in its time categorial sense or as a time entity which suggests the etymological origins of Chinese as ideograph. It is concluded therefore that the event-based metonymy conceptualization of time can provide better insights into the characteristics of Chinese modes of thinking and its influences on the perception of and interaction with the world. This study can also serve as good evidence for the shaping effect of language on cognition. (shrink)

This research discusses the impact of the perception of video images and online word of mouth on tourists’ travel intentions. A survey of 390 users who watched travel videos on short-video platforms was conducted using structural equation modeling. The results are as follows. First, the perception of video images can significantly affect tourists’ intention to visit the destinations. Second, as a mediating variable, online word of mouth can enhance the positive effects of the perception of video images on tourists’ travel (...) intentions. Third, gender had a positive moderating effect, which was particularly obvious in the relationship between the perception of video images and online word of mouth. This research provides a theoretical basis for the utility of tourism-related short videos, which can help stimulate tourists’ intention to visit promoted destinations. (shrink)

Preservice teachers' preparedness, perception, and affect toward certain technology systems influence the student acquisition of science knowledge, process skills, teaching innovation, and willingness to use technology in their classroom. The purpose of this study was to explore teachers' affective responses to a virtual reality-enabled scientific experiment system. Fifty-one preservice teachers majoring in educational technology participated in the study. They were divided into two groups, and their reactions were measured separately on two occasions. The first occasion used a standard system following (...) the principle of Donald Norman's affective design model. The VaSE system was then revised with a strict version of ADM before the participants' reactions were measured for a second time. The positive and negative affect scale was utilized for affective state evaluation. Semi-structured interviews that focused on affective experiences were organized using an ADM framework and conducted immediately after the participants used VaSE. The results indicated that the positive affect experienced by the preservice teachers was significantly enhanced, and the negative affect was significantly weakened. Academic level, gender, and prior experience were important random effect factors that impacted the affective experience. It was also revealed that participants were more likely to be affected by immersion and interactivity in terms of enhancing positive affect and were more likely to be affected by behavioral layer elements in terms of weakening negative affect. A conclusion has been drawn to provide theoretical and practical suggestions for training preservice teachers in ways that improve their ability to integrate technology into the classroom. (shrink)

To effectively identify network rumors and block their spread, this paper uses fractal theory to analyze a network rumor spreading situation time series, reveal its inner regularity, extract features, and establish a network rumor recognition model. The model is based on an empirical mode decomposition correlation dimension and K-nearest neighbor approach. Firstly, a partition function is used to determine if the time series of the rumor spreading situation is a uniform fractal process. Secondly, the rumor spreading situation is subjected to (...) EMD to obtain a series of intrinsic mode functions, construct the IMF1–IMF6 components containing effective feature information as the principal components, and reconstruct the phase space of the principal components, respectively. Finally, the correlation dimensions of the principal components IMF1–IMF6 as obtained by the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm are used as feature parameters and are imported into the KNN model for rumor recognition. The experimental results show that the correlation dimension of a spreading situation can better reflect the characteristic information; as combined with the KNN model for identifying rumors, the recognition rate reaches 87.5%. This result verifies the effectiveness of fractal theory in network rumors recognition, expands the thinking for the research of rumors recognition, and provides theoretical support for rumor governance. (shrink)

Smart city is a brand-new city form, in which information and communication technologies are utilized to sense, analyze, and integrate the key information of city operation core system, so that intelligent responses can be immediately and effectively taken to various demands including people’s livelihood, environmental protection, public safety, city services, and industrial and commercial activities. Digital economy is a mixed economy with the coexistence of multiple business models and diversified value creation models based on the information and communication technologies and (...) in the digital economy, many things are undergoing huge changes, and their corresponding economic rules also need to be adjusted. On the basis of analyzing previous research works, this paper expounded the research status and significance of smart city’s resource scheduling and strategic management, elaborated the development background, current status, and future challenges of digital economy, introduced the methods and principles of city-level spatiotemporal data model and spatial full factor coding, formulated resource scheduling strategies for smart city based on digital economy, explored the dynamic fusion, storage, and update of smart city’s multisource heterogeneous data, conducted the information display and analysis of multilevel smart city, proposed strategic management approaches for smart city based on digital economy, analyzed the integrated implementation model of shared resource scheduling and people-oriented social management, and discussed the economic growth factors and standardization mechanism of smart city under the background of digital economy. The results of this study provide a reference for further research studies on the resource scheduling and strategic management of smart city under the background of digital economy. (shrink)

「玻璃帷幕•懵懂篇Ⅲ」，承接「玻璃帷幕‧懵懂篇 Ⅱ」，幼嵐身受重傷，卻因為葉文芸一句話，令她憤而上臺演出。拿命與葉文芸賭氣的方幼嵐，是否會因此葬送演戲生涯？ 慕容麗華勸梅玉晴選擇愛情歸屬，她究竟會選擇葉文芸？還是柳季剛？ 柳季剛帶女人回家，被葉文芸抓姦在床，卻是經紀人繆于綸大發脾氣。到底發生了什麼事？ 愛戲成痴，卻對人沒有感情的葉文芸，屢屢被人侵犯底線，造成她為此昏迷不醒？一位巨星是否會因此殞落？ 戲劇節的賭局揭曉了。最後的結論究竟是什麼？ 零度劇團的下齣戲，導演是誰？演員又是哪些？劇碼為何？ 何雨煙成了零度劇團子團的團長，接下來，要面對的是什麼？ 明爭暗鬥的舞臺背後，隱藏了多少精彩可期的事情，敬請期待！.

The present dissertation deals with the issue of the individuation of beliefs. This is an issue that falls into philosophy of psychology as well as philosophy of language. There are two major schools of thought that are involved in the debate. Individualism claims that the individuation does not need to take intentional, semantic properties of beliefs into account, while Anti-Individualism claims that it does. The former is represented by Jerry Fodor and the latter is represented by Tyler Burge. ;This dissertation (...) is divided into three parts. In Part I, I review Tyler Burge's several attempts to refute Individualism. My conclusion is that Burge does not give us a viable alternative theory of content. In Part II, I examine Jerry Fodor's arguments for a new form of Individualism, one that proposes to individuate beliefs with respect to their causal powers. My conclusion is that Fodor runs into a problem in arguing that the individuation of mental states should be based on causal powers alone, since he would have to sacrifice the causal relevance of intentional mental properties. Finally in Part III, I formulate my arguments against Fodor's Individualism. I first present a holistic view of beliefs according to which, beliefs cannot be considered in isolation from the individual's system of beliefs. My view is that the individuation of beliefs not only needs to consider the semantic properties of the belief in question, it also needs to consider the semantic properties of relevant beliefs. I then argue for the causal relevance of intentional mental properties. My conclusion is that since the individuation of beliefs has to be based on groupings of their intentional, semantic properties, Individualism cannot be accepted. (shrink)

Xiao Han Dynasty to rule the world. "Filial piety" in today's perspective the main areas of family ethics, but more are in the Han dynasty the country's political and legal issues. Special emphasis on filial piety Han has a special reason, that "five De Zhong Shi," the impact theory. Lack of filial piety in the Han Dynasty is considered a very serious crime, the punishment for the lack of filial piety of the people are very severe, Zhangjiashan simple "two precepts" (...) provides penalties for lack of filial piety that the original law. As a governing rule in Han Dynasty, filial piety plays a more significant part in the state's political and legal issues in the time than today when it mainly belongs to the family and moral categories. The special attention paid to filial piety then has its special reason , ie, the influence from the five elements circulation theory. For exploring how unfilial deeds to be seen as severe criminal behaviors and how unfilial persons were punished in Han Dynasty, The Second Year Law, the Han bamboo slips unearthed at Zhangjiashan provide the original legal texts. (shrink)

New perspectives keep emerging in the logical study of social interactions, witnessed by yet another collection of research papers. Once our focus of reasoning shifts from an individual to a social setting, interesting issues naturally arise. The central question is the following: how is an individual’s attitude related to that of others and that of a group, especially when we take into account the informative communication between agents, as well as the structures of a group? This has been studied to (...) various extent in social epistemology, social choice theory, social norms theory, etc. In this context, our main concern is logic: how can a logical approach shed light on our reasoning about these scenarios? We are not giving a comprehensive overview but just to mention some research that is mostly relevant. Communication between agents, public or private, has been extensively studied in dynamic epistemic logic (e.g. [1, 9, 10]) and dynamic epistemic logic has become a standard methodology in modelling dynamical changes of agent’s attitudes. Social network logics have been developed recently, adding social structures of a group as a core component to logic models and formal languages [2, 5–8, 11]. The papers included in this special issue provide us with further new insights about our understanding of social settings. In what follows, we briefly summarize their ideas and some main results. (shrink)