DNA glycosylases remove aberrant DNA nucleobases as the first enzymatic step of the base excision repair (BER) pathway. The alkyl‐DNA glycosylases AlkC and AlkD adopt a unique structure based on α‐helical HEAT repeats. Both enzymes identify and excise their substrates without a base‐flipping mechanism used by other glycosylases and nucleic acid processing proteins to access nucleobases that are otherwise stacked inside the double‐helix. Consequently, these glycosylases act on a variety of cationic nucleobase modifications, including bulky adducts, not previously associated with (...) BER. The related non‐enzymatic HEAT‐like repeat (HLR) proteins, AlkD2, and AlkF, have unique nucleic acid binding properties that expand the functions of this relatively new protein superfamily beyond DNA repair. Here, we review the phylogeny, biochemistry, and structures of the HLR proteins, which have helped broaden our understanding of the mechanisms by which DNA glycosylases locate and excise chemically modified DNA nucleobases. (shrink)

Underwater object detection plays an important role in research and practice, as it provides condensed and informative content that represents underwater objects. However, detecting objects from underwater images is challenging because underwater environments significantly degenerate image quality and distort the contrast between the object and background. To address this problem, this paper proposes an optical prior-based underwater object detection approach that takes advantage of optical principles to identify optical collimation over underwater images, providing valuable guidance for extracting object features. Unlike (...) data-driven knowledge, the prior in our method is independent of training samples. The fundamental novelty of our approach lies in the integration of an image prior and the object detection task. This novelty is fundamental to the satisfying performance of our approach in underwater environments, which is demonstrated through comparisons with state-of-the-art object detection methods. (shrink)

BackgroundPhysical activity and Physical fitness have received tremendous attention in the field of physical and mental health. However, limited attention has been given to the associations of self-reported physical fitness with some health-related outcomes. Given the COVID-19 pandemic is still active in many Chinese regions, assessing health-related physical fitness in adolescents using field-based assessment is unrealistic, therefore, this study was conducted via a self-reported questionnaire.PurposeThe present cross-sectional study was aimed at delving into the relationship between self-reported physical fitness with self-rated (...) health, depression, anxiety, and body satisfaction in adolescents. Three thousand eight hundred and seven study participants from 12 public schools in South-eastern China were recruited and 2,407 of them provided valid data on variables that this study needed for analysis.Materials and methodsStudy participants were asked to self-report their sociodemographic factors, independence, and outcomes. Generalized linear models were used to explore the associations of self-reported physical fitness with depression, anxiety, and body satisfaction. A total of 2,407 children and adolescents with a mean age of 13.82 years were included in the final study analysis.ResultsHigher self-reported levels of general physical fitness and cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with better self-rated health, and body satisfaction but with lower risks of depression and anxiety.ConclusionThe current study offered evidence on the roles of self-reported physical fitness and health-related outcomes. To facilitate health in children and adolescents, advocating fitness education, and promotion could be a feasible approach. (shrink)

This study investigated the effect of unconscious processing on creative problem solving (CPS) by combining a revised priming paradigm that manipulated the content of unconscious processing together with remote association tests (RAT). In the real world, most CPS is facilitated by unconscious information processing after a problem is represented. However, most previous studies have focused on priming subthreshold stimuli before the problem presentation, with few exploring unconscious priming after the problem is presented, even though different prime timings might involve distinct (...) processing mechanisms. Therefore, Experiment 1 compared the unconscious priming effects of presenting the prime prior to the target (Before-T) versus during target solving (During-T). The RAT difficulty and type of priming material were also manipulated. The results of Experiment 1 revealed a significant difference in the priming effects of prime timing with the During-T group benefiting more from subliminal stimuli than the Before-T group. Experiment 2 further strengthened the justifications for the hypotheses regarding the influence of word versus picture priming in the during-T condition. Overall, this study found a clear dissociable contribution of unconscious processing to CPS, and the facilitation effect was optimised by prime timing, the prime material, and RAT difficulty. (shrink)

The Mental Health Literacy Scale is the most widely used and strong theory-based measurement tool to gain an understanding of mental health knowledge and ability. This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale and to document the norm and its influential factors of mental health literacy among nurses. The MHLS was translated following Brislin’s translation model and tested with a sample of 872 clinical registered nurses. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health (...) Professionals, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 were administered to assess convergent validity. The minimum average partial test, parallel analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported 4 first-order 2 second-order structure. The 4 factors were named “knowledge of mental disorder,” “ability to seek information and help,” “recognition of mental disorder,” and “acceptance of patients with mental illness,” with factor 1-3 were summarized into MHLS-Core and factor 4 as MHLS-SA. The MHLS-C was moderately negatively correlated with the PHQ-2 and GAD-2 and highly positively correlated with JSE-HP. The Cronbach’s α was 0.85 for the overall scale and 0.89 and 0.93 for two subscales. The test-retest reliability was good, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.80 for the whole scale, and 0.79 and 0.94 for two subscales. As an approximately normal distribution, the 50th percentile for the MHLS-C was 99, with 50th percentiles of 74 and 20 for MHLS-Core and MHLS-SA. Higher position, higher professional credentials, higher hospital hierarchy, other specialist hospital, psychiatric hospital and unmarried status were positive predictors. The 29-item MHLS-C, with two subscales of MHLS-Core and MHLE-SA, is a stable and validated tool to measure mental health literacy. MHLS-Core could be used independently to measure the core content of mental health literacy. It may be applicable for Chinese health professionals, but need further validation among the general public. MHL curriculum and a targeted culturally appropriate program for acceptance for health professionals, especially for those in general hospitals and with less working tenure, may be recommended. (shrink)

With the rapid development of urbanization, the urban expansion morphology has been changing with complex driving mechanisms behind the urban evolution process. This article simulates the results of urban land development contingent upon decision-makers’ risk preferences and reveals the inherent law of the effect of risk preferences on urban expansion morphology. Results show that cautious decision-makers lead to the urban expansion morphology being relatively compact, and the reckless decision-makers lead the urban expansion to sprawl. Moreover, there are obvious differences in (...) strengths of planning constraints on the decision-makers with different risk preferences. The reckless decision-makers, driven by the economic interests, are more likely to break through the planning, especially when the planning is not reasonable. It is also found that enhancing executive ability of planning for the reckless decision-makers can promote compactness of the urban expansion morphology. However, the effect of enhancing executive ability of planning on the cautious decision-makers is limited. Thus, in the case of unreasonable planning, the executive ability of planning to the reckless decision-makers should be enhanced so as to avoid urban sprawl. (shrink)

Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

胡適（1891-1962），安徽績溪人。原名嗣穈，後改名胡適，字適之，曾用筆名希彊、臧暉等。新文化運動的奠基人與領袖之一，倡導約翰・杜威的實用主義。1917年回國任教北大，參與編輯《新青年》《努力周報 》《獨立評論》等雜誌，先後擔任中華民國駐美大使、國立北京大學校長、台北「中央研究院」院長等職，著有《中國哲學史大綱》《嘗試集》《胡適文存》等書，並獲諾貝爾文學獎提名。.

Moral Constraints on War offers a principle-by-principle presentation of the transcultural roots of the ethics of war in an age defined by the increasingly international nature of military intervention.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an inflammatory autoimmune disease with depression as one of its most common symptoms. The aim of this study is to establish a nomogram prediction model to assess the occurrence of depression in patients with SLE. Based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale cutoff of 8, 341 patients with SLE, recruited between June 2017 and December 2019, were divided into depressive and non-depressive groups. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, sociopsychological factors, and other risk factors were (...) collected. Between-group differences in clinical characteristics were assessed with depression as the dependent variable and the variables selected by logistic multiple regression as predictors. The model was established using R language. Marital status, education, social support, coping, and anxiety predicted depression. The nomogram prediction model showed that the risk rate was from 0.01 to 0.80, and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.891. The calibration curve can intuitively show that the probability of depression predicted by the nomogram model is consistent with the actual comparison. The designed nomogram provides a highly predictive assessment of depression in patients with SLE, facilitating more comprehensive depression evaluation in usual clinical care. (shrink)

唯识学种子说通过在微分、刹那层面探讨深层心识的构造活动和存在的本质，论证了佛教缘起性空的非本体立场，属于一种“非本体”的本体诠释。但是，由于受到中国固有思维的影响，中国佛学不再侧重强调法性即空性的“非 本体”立场，而是把法性和心性主体结合起来，倾向于设立一种“实体化”的本体，形成了“心性本体论”。由非本体的本体诠释逐渐转向心性本体的本体诠释是印度唯识学在心识哲学层面中国化的基本趋势。.

本书所收文章,都是苏联美学研究者写的。文章分两类,第一类是断代史性的概况;第二类是专论,分别论述古希腊罗马以及近代欧洲各国文艺理论家或作家的美学观。.

本书分为两部分，第一部分为道家的本体诠释学：老子与海德格尔；第二部分为道家的象征诠释学：丹道理论的当代诠释。.

本书主要论述了我国当前商业伦理精神的缺乏原因,我国商业伦理的本质和特征、主要内容,建构了中国商业伦理精神的基本视角、基本原则、基本路径和方法等内容。全书内容丰富,论述深入浅出,是值得一读的好书.

本书收录了的文章以中国历史、哲学、文学著作中的名言为引子, 结合现实生活, 并以个人的生活经验和哲学体悟相结合的方式, 阐述作者本人的哲学观点.

本书为大型资料汇编丛书"儒教资料类编"之第七辑.这一辑, 将在前几辑的基础上继续展示清代中后期, 主要是清末儒者的儒教意识. 本辑所要回答的, 还有所谓"儒学宗教化"问题. 一些学者认为, 儒教本来不是教, 是康有为要把它宗教化.