Results for 'Shaw Jamie'

971 found
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  1. On the very idea of pursuitworthiness.Jamie Shaw - 2022 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 91 (C):103-112.
    Recent philosophical literature has turned its attention towards assessments of how to judge scientific proposals as worthy of further inquiry. Previous work, as well as papers contained within this special issue, propose criteria for pursuitworthiness (Achinstein, 1993; Whitt, 1992; DiMarco & Khalifa, 2019; Laudan, 1977; Shan, 2020; Šešelja et al., 2012). The purpose of this paper is to assess the grounds on which pursuitworthiness demands can be legitimately made. To do this, I propose a challenge to the possibility of even (...)
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  2.  90
    Feyerabend, funding, and the freedom of science: the case of traditional Chinese medicine.Jamie Shaw - 2021 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 11 (2):1-27.
    From the 1970s onwards, Feyerabend argues against the freedom of science. This will seem strange to some, as his epistemological anarchism is often taken to suggest that scientists should be free of even the most basic and obvious norms of science. His argument against the freedom of science is heavily influenced by his case study of the interference of Chinese communists in mainland China during the 1950s wherein the government forced local universities to continue researching traditional Chinese medicine rather than (...)
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  3.  80
    Feyerabend and manufactured disagreement: reflections on expertise, consensus, and science policy.Jamie Shaw - 2020 - Synthese 198 (Suppl 25):6053-6084.
    Feyerabend is infamous for his defense of pluralism, which he extends to every topic he discusses. Disagreement, a by-product of this pluralism, becomes a sign of flourishing critical communities. In Feyerabend’s political works, he extends this pluralism from science to democratic societies and incorporates his earlier work on scientific methodology into a procedure for designing just policy. However, a description and analysis of Feyerabend’s conception of disagreement is lacking. In this paper, I reconstruct and assess Feyerabend’s conception of disagreement, with (...)
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  4.  68
    Duhem on Good Sense and Theory Pursuit: From Virtue to Social Epistemology.Jamie Shaw - 2020 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 33 (2):67-85.
    ABSTRACT The emerging consensus in the secondary literature on Duhem is that his notion of ‘good sense’ is a virtue of individual scientists that guides them choosie between empirically equal rival theories : 149–159; Ivanova 2010. “Pierre Duhem’s Good Sense as a Guide to Theory Choice.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 41 : 58–64; Fairweather 2011. “The Epistemic Value of Good Sense.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 43 : 139–146; Bhakthavatsalam. “Duhemian Good (...)
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  5. Was Feyerabend an anarchist? The structure(s) of ‘anything goes’.Jamie Shaw - 2017 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 64:11-21.
  6.  51
    Why the Realism Debate Matters for Science Policy: The Case of the Human Brain Project.Jamie Craig Owen Shaw - 2018 - Spontaneous Generations 9 (1):82-98.
    There has been a great deal of skepticism towards the value of the realism/anti-realism debate. More specifically, many have argued that plausible formulations of realism and anti-realism do not differ substantially in any way. In this paper, I argue against this trend by demonstrating how a hypothetical resolution of the debate, through deeper engagement with the historical record, has important implications for our criterion of theory pursuit and science policy. I do this by revisiting Arthur Fine’s ‘small handful’ argument for (...)
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  7.  56
    Feyerabend’s well-ordered science: how an anarchist distributes funds.Jamie Shaw - 2018 - Synthese 198 (1):419-449.
    To anyone vaguely aware of Feyerabend, the title of this paper would appear as an oxymoron. For Feyerabend, it is often thought, science is an anarchic practice with no discernible structure. Against this trend, I elaborate the groundwork that Feyerabend has provided for the beginnings of an approach to organizing scientific research. Specifically, I argue that Feyerabend’s pluralism, once suitably modified, provides a plausible account of how to organize science. These modifications come from C.S. Peirce’s account of the economics of (...)
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  8. Introduction: Paul Feyerabend's philosophy in the 21st century.Jamie Shaw & Karim Bschir - 2021 - In Karim Bschir & Jamie Shaw, Interpreting Feyerabend: Critical Essays. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
     
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  9.  99
    The revolt against rationalism: Feyerabend's critical philosophy.Jamie Shaw - 2020 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 80:110-122.
  10.  36
    Peer Review, Innovation, and Predicting the Future of Science: The Scope of Lotteries in Science Funding Policy.Jamie Shaw - forthcoming - Philosophy of Science:1-15.
    Recent science funding policy scholars and practitioners have advocated for the use of lotteries, or elements of random chance, as supplementations of traditional peer review for evaluating grant applications. One of the primary motivations for lotteries is their purported openness to innovative research. The purpose of this paper is to argue that current proponents of funding science by lottery overestimate the viability of peer review and thus unduly restrict the scope of lotteries in science funding practice. I further show how (...)
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  11.  48
    Feyerabend and the Philosophy of Physics.Jamie Shaw & Michael T. Stuart - 2022 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 35 (1):1-4.
    In a reference letter for Feyerabend’s application to UC Berkeley, Carl Hempel writes that ‘Mr. Feyerabend combines a forceful and penetrating analytic mind with a remarkably thorough training and...
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  12. Feyerabend never was an eliminative materialist : Feyerabend's meta-philosophy and the mind-body problem.Jamie Shaw - 2021 - In Karim Bschir & Jamie Shaw, Interpreting Feyerabend: Critical Essays. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
     
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  13.  34
    A rich resource on scientific knowledge: Kevin McCain and Kostas Kampourakis: What is scientific knowledge? An introduction to contemporary epistemology of science. New York: Routledge, 2019, 328 pp, £ 120 HB.Jamie Shaw - 2020 - Metascience 29 (2):187-191.
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  14.  54
    A Pluralism Worth Having: Feyerabend's Well-Ordered Science.Jamie Shaw - 2018 - Dissertation, University of Western Ontario
    The goal of this dissertation is to reconstruct, critically evaluate, and apply the pluralism of Paul Feyerabend. I conclude by suggesting future points of contact between Feyerabend’s pluralism and topics of interest in contemporary philosophy of science. I begin, in Chapter 1, by reconstructing Feyerabend’s critical philosophy. I show how his published works from 1948 until 1970 show a remarkably consistent argumentative strategy which becomes more refined and general as Feyerabend’s thought matures. Specifically, I argue that Feyerabend develops a persuasive (...)
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  15.  97
    The Problem of the Empirical Basis in the Popperian Tradition: Popper, Bartley, and Feyerabend.Jamie Shaw - 2020 - Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 10 (2):524-561.
    The problem of the empirical basis is one of the most prominent difficulties within the Popperian tradition. Some claim that Popper’s anti-inductivism and antipsychologism lead to the concession that science has no empirical basis. Recent commentators have focused on this problem in Popper’s methodology. However, the problem also arises in a peculiar way in the thought of two underdiscussed members of the Popperian tradition: William Bartley and Paul Feyerabend. In this article, I aim to accomplish three primary goals. First, I (...)
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  16.  3
    Paul Feyerabend's "On the Responsibility of Scientists".Jamie Shaw, Kevin Elliott & Deivide Oliveira - forthcoming - Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science.
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  17.  84
    Pluralism, Pragmatism and Functional Explanations.Jamie Shaw - 2016 - Kairos 15 (1):1-18.
    While many philosophers speak of ‘pluralism’ within philosophy of biology, there has been little said about what such pluralism amounts to or what its underlying assumptions are. This has provoked so me anxiety about whether pluralism is compatible with their commitment to naturalism. This paper surveys three prominent pluralist positions ‘integrative pluralism’, and both Peter Godfrey-Smith’s and Beth Preston’s pluralist analyses of functional explanations in evolutionary biology) and demonstrates how all three are committed to a form of pragmatism. This analysis (...)
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  18.  49
    Revisiting the Basic/Applied Science Distinction: The Significance of Urgent Science for Science Funding Policy.Jamie Shaw - 2022 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 53 (4):477-499.
    There has been a resurgence between two closely related discussions concerning modern science funding policy. The first revolves around the coherence and usefulness of the distinction between basic and applied science and the second concerns whether science should be free to pursue research according to its own internal standards or pursue socially responsible research agendas that are held accountable to moral or political standards. In this paper, I argue that the distinction between basic and applied science, and the concomitant debate (...)
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  19. Evaluating and explaining the success of science: A historical perspective.Jamie Shaw - unknown
    The recent literature surrounding the realist/anti-realist debates in the philosophy of science has focused its attention towards the role that history plays in explaining why science is successful and thus approximately true. This has been caused, in large part, by the Pessimistic Meta-Induction (PMI), which has challenged attempted explanations by turning our attention towards the large amount of scientific theories that have been abandoned but were still empirically successful. There will be two primary goals of this paper. The first will (...)
     
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  20.  11
    Feyerabend’s Asymmetry Argument for Epistemological Anarchism.Jamie Shaw - 2025 - In Uri D. Leibowitz, Klodian Coko & Isaac Nevo, Philosophical Theorizing and Its Limits: Anti-Theory in Ethics and Philosophy of Science. Springer.
    Feyerabend’s arguments for epistemological anarchism in Against Method have attracted continued attention from philosophers of science. The complexity of the history of scientific practice and an unrelenting fallibilism, Feyerabend argues, provide crucial motivations for an open-ended theoretical and methodological pluralism. The purpose of this paper is to consider another argument Feyerabend provides in his correspondence with J.J.C. Smart in the mid-1960s that supports epistemological anarchism. My goal, here, is to reconstruct the argument, show how it builds on quieter themes in (...)
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  21.  58
    Bias, Lotteries, and Affirmative Action in Science Funding Policy.Jamie Shaw - forthcoming - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science.
  22.  10
    From Quantum Holism to the Disunity of Science and Social Activism: The Cat-Feyerabend Correspondence.Jordi Cat & Jamie Shaw - 2024 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 37 (4):243-290.
    This essay offers a discussion and contextualisation of a series of letters exchanged between Jordi Cat and Paul Feyerabend from 1989 to 1994. These letters provide insights into Feyerabend’s later thought on a variety of themes including quantum holism, the disunity of science, the development of logical empiricism, and science activism. In doing so, we provide some original analysis and exegesis of Feyerabend’s evolving views on scientific methodology and quantum mechanics by focusing on Feyerabend’s changing attitudes towards Bohm, Bohr, and (...)
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  23.  41
    Interpreting Feyerabend: Critical Essays.Karim Bschir & Jamie Shaw (eds.) - 2021 - New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    This collection of new essays interprets and critically evaluates the philosophy of Paul Feyerabend. It offers innovative historical scholarship on Feyerabend's take on topics such as realism, empiricism, mimesis, voluntarism, pluralism, materialism, and the mind-body problem, as well as certain debates in the philosophy of physics. It also considers the ways in which Feyerabend's thought can contribute to contemporary debates in science and public policy, including questions about the nature of scientific methodology, the role of science in society, citizen science, (...)
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  24.  51
    How Can a Taxonomy of Stances Help Clarify Classical Debates on Scientific Change?Hakob Barseghyan & Jamie Shaw - 2017 - Philosophies 2 (4):24.
    In this paper, we demonstrate how a systematic taxonomy of stances can help elucidate two classic debates of the historical turn—the Lakatos–Feyerabend debate concerning theory rejection and the Feyerabend–Kuhn debate about pluralism during normal science. We contend that Kuhn, Feyerabend, and Lakatos were often talking at cross-purposes due to the lack of an agreed upon taxonomy of stances. Specifically, we provide three distinct stances that scientists take towards theories: acceptance of a theory as the best available description of its domain, (...)
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  25.  43
    Quantum Ontology: A Guide to the Metaphysics of Quantum Mechanics PETER J. LEWIS Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016; 207 pp.; $35.00. [REVIEW]Jamie Shaw - 2017 - Dialogue 56 (1):185-187.
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  26.  12
    Feyerabend and the Philosophy of Physics, Part II.Michael T. Stuart & Jamie Shaw - 2024 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 37 (4):155-159.
    Paul K Feyerabend’s engagement with physics started before his engagement with philosophy, and he continued to think about new developments in physics until the end. To understand Feyerabend’s philosophy, therefore, it is crucial to understand his views on physics, many of which have remained unpublished until now. Doing so pays off, not only in helping us to understand the history of philosophy of science, but also insofar as it opens up new resources for contemporary philosophy of physics. The papers collected (...)
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  27.  53
    The Realistic Empiricism of Mach, James, and Russell: Neutral Monism Reconceived ERIC C. BANKS Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014; 217pp.; $95.00. [REVIEW]Jamie Shaw - 2018 - Dialogue 57 (3):648-650.
  28. What Theoretical Ecology Reveals about Knowledge Transfer.Justin Donhauser & Jamie Shaw - forthcoming - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A:1-20.
    Well-known epistemologies of science have implications for how best to understand knowledge transfer (KT). Yet, to date, no serious attempt has been made to explicate these particular implications. This paper infers views about KT from two popular epistemologies; what we characterize as incommensurabilitist views (after Devitt, 2001; Bird, 2002, 2008; Sankey and Hoyningen-Huene 2013) and voluntarist views (after Van Fraassen, 1984; Dupré, 2001; Chakravartty, 2015). We argue views of the former sort define the methodological, ontological, and social conditions under which (...)
     
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  29.  87
    Knowledge transfer in theoretical ecology: Implications for incommensurability, voluntarism, and pluralism.Justin Donhauser & Jamie Shaw - 2019 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 77:11-20.
    Well-known epistemologies of science have implications for how best to understand knowledge transfer (KT). Yet, to date, no serious attempt has been made explicate these particular implications. This paper infers views about KT from two popular epistemologies; what we characterize as incommensurabilitist views (after Devitt 2001; Bird 2002, 2008; Sankey and Hoyningen-Huene 2013) and voluntarist views (after van Fraassen 1984; Dupré 2001; Chakravartty 2015). We argue views of the former sort define the methodological, ontological, and social conditions under which research (...)
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  30. A Diagrammatic Notation for Visualizing Epistemic Entities and Relations.Kye Palider, Ameer Sarwar, Hakob Barseghyan, Paul Patton, Julia Da Silva, Torin Doppelt, Nichole Levesley, Jessica Rapson, Jamie Shaw, Yifang Zhang & Amna Zulfiqar - 2021 - Scientonomy 4:87–139.
    This paper presents a diagrammatic notation for visualizing epistemic entities and relations. The notation was created during the Visualizing Worldviews project funded by the University of Toronto’s Jackman Humanities Institute and has been further developed by the scholars participating in the university’s Research Opportunity Program. Since any systematic diagrammatic notation should be based on a solid ontology of the respective domain, we first outline the current state of the scientonomic ontology. We then proceed to providing diagrammatic tools for visualizing the (...)
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  31. Values, Pluralism, and Pragmatism: Themes from the Work of Matthew J. Brown.Jonathan Y. Tsou, Shaw Jamie & Carla Fehr (eds.) - forthcoming - Cham: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science. Springer.
    This book (edited by Jonathan Y. Tsou, Jamie Shaw, and Carla Fehr) offers eighteen original historical and philosophical essays focused on values in science, scientific pluralism, and pragmatism. These themes have been central in the work of Matthew J. Brown, and the book frames these topics through an engagement with Brown’s broadly ranging work on values in science. The themes of this book are integrated and unified in the pragmatic and value-laden ideal of science defended by Professor Brown (...)
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  32.  46
    Violence Among African Christians Shaw Sacred Violence. African Christians and Sectarian Hatred in the Age of Augustine. Pp. xx + 910, maps. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Paper, £40, US$65 . ISBN: 978-0-521-12725-7. [REVIEW]Jamie Wood - 2012 - The Classical Review 62 (2):612-614.
  33. Karim Bschir and Jamie Shaw, eds. Interpreting Feyerabend: Critical Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. xi+256. $99.99 (cloth). IBSN 978-1-108-47199-2. [REVIEW]Rory Kent - 2022 - Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 12 (1):308-311.
  34.  50
    Ethically Allocating COVID-19 Drugs Via Pre-approval Access and Emergency Use Authorization.Jamie Webb, Lesha D. Shah & Holly Fernandez Lynch - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (9):4-17.
    Allocating access to unapproved COVID-19 drugs available via Pre-Approval Access pathways or Emergency Use Authorization raises unique challenges at the intersection of clinical care and research....
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  35.  38
    Critical realism for a time of crisis? Buch-Hansen and Nielsen’s twenty-first century CR.Jamie Morgan - 2021 - Journal of Critical Realism 20 (3):300-321.
    In this essay I set and explore Buch-Hansen and Nielsen’s Critical Realism: Basics and Beyond. I then move on to discuss arising issues relevant to contemporary critical realism, including time, ca...
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  36.  51
    Beyond the Market: The Role of Constitutions in Health Care System Convergence in the United States of America and the United Kingdom.Jamie Fletcher & Jane Marriott - 2014 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 42 (4):455-474.
    Two narratives have emerged to describe recent health care reforms in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. One narrative speaks of revolution, that the adoptions of the Affordable Care Act 2010 in the US, and the Health and Social Care Act 2012 in the UK, have resulted in fundamental, large-scale philosophical, political and legal change in the jurisdictions’ respective health care systems. The other narrative evokes evolution, identifying each new legislative scheme as a natural development of existing (...)
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  37.  16
    Supporting Early Scientific Thinking Through Curiosity.Jamie J. Jirout - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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  38.  62
    Explaining the Quasi-Real.Jamie Dreier - 2015 - Oxford Studies in Metaethics 10.
    This chapter discusses whether Quasi-Realism gains any advantage over Robust Realism with respect to the problem of explaining supervenience. The chapter starts with a summary of what the supervenience problem is and recounts the history of expressivist thinking about supervenience: the supervenience problem was a challenge raised by expressivist Robust Realists, with the idea that expressivism had an excellent explanation of the phenomenon and realism had none. The chapter then contrasts Quasi-Realism and Robust Realism in order to bring the big (...)
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  39. Two Models of Agent-Centered Value.Jamie Dreier - 2018 - Res Philosophica 97 (3):345-362.
    The consequentializing project relies on agentcentered value (aka agent-relative value), but many philosophers find the idea incomprehensible or incoherent. Discussions of agent-centered value often model it with a theory that assigns distinct better-than rankings of states of affairs to each agent, rather than assigning a single ranking common to all. A less popular kind of model uses a single ranking, but takes the value-bearing objects to be properties (sets of centered worlds) rather than states of affairs (sets of worlds). There (...)
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  40.  55
    Domination and misframing in the refugee regime.Jamie Draper - 2022 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 25 (7):939-962.
    The current practices of refugee protection refugees largely leave the burdens of the refugee regime to lie where they fall. Those states which are geographically proximate to refugee-producing regions, already amongst the least advantaged, bear the bulk of these burdens. In this paper, I critically assess two proposals which seek to address this maldistribution: a market in asylum services and a principle of comparative advantage. I argue that from the standpoint of justice, these proposals share two objectionable features. First, they (...)
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  41.  27
    Change and a Changing World? Theorizing Morphogenic Society.Jamie Morgan - 2016 - Journal of Critical Realism 15 (3):277-295.
    In the following review essay I provide some background in order to place Margaret Archer's edited Volume 3 text, Generative Mechanisms, in context of the series from which it derives. In doing so I provide some sense of the significance of the series. Thereafter, I provide an overview of the key substantive claims of the essays, with some comment on how they may be linked together in terms of the theme of the series.
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  42.  66
    An Inconsistent Triad: Priority Pluralism, Perdurantism and (the Possibility of) Gunky Time.Jamie Taylor - 2020 - Theoria 86 (2):268-285.
    Priority pluralism, perdurantism and that temporal gunk – where some interval of time is gunky iff every interval of it has a proper subinterval – is at least metaphysically possible, are three commonly held views in contemporary metaphysics. However, there cannot be a temporally gunky world where objects perdure, and where there are mereological simples. Given that – as I will argue – pluralists should be committed to atomism, and cannot plausibly revise their view to accommodate temporal gunk if they (...)
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  43.  41
    Deleuze & Guattari’s Intensive & Pragmatic Semiotic of Emergent Law.Jamie Murray - 2007 - International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue Internationale de Sémiotique Juridique 20 (1):7-32.
    The paper articulates Deleuze & Guattari’s semiotics towards a semiotic of law through a discussion of the intensive semiotics of the field of emergence and pragmatic semiotics of social power. Within the framework of the pragmatic semiotics, it is argued that the crucial tension is how social machines and their regimes of signs operate with the intensive semiotics of the field of emergence. The signifying regime of the State social machine constructs itself on the excluded foundation of the field of (...)
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  44.  28
    A Note on the Contingent Necessity of a Morphogenic Society and Human Flourishing.Jamie Morgan - 2017 - Journal of Critical Realism 16 (3):255-267.
    ABSTRACTThe Centre for Social Ontology working group project has been exploring the concept of a Morphogenic Society since 2013. The project is now drawing to a close. One of the arising issues from the project has been whether such a society can be and is liable to be one of human flourishing. In this short paper, I explore one possible aspect of the concept of a Morphogenic Society.1 A Morphogenic Society may involve issues of ‘contingent necessity’. Contingent necessity may provide (...)
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  45.  37
    Aristotle’s Politics: Living Well and Living Together by Eugene Garver.Jamie Muir - 2014 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 52 (2):371-372.
    This excellent book concludes Garver’s trilogy of interpretations of Aristotle’s practical philosophy. The unifying intention of the trilogy is captured by the word ‘confronting’ in the title of the second volume: to provide an interpretation of Aristotle’s practical philosophy, but also to argue that Aristotle offers compelling practical solutions to contemporary moral and political problems.The trilogy articulates the structure of ethical and political philosophy, and the relation between them. Garver argues that moral philosophy is concerned with how an individual lives (...)
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  46.  3
    Complexity theory and law: mapping an emergent jurisprudence.Jamie Murray, Thomas Webb & Steven Wheatley (eds.) - 2018 - New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
    This collection of essays explores the different ways the insights from complexity theory can be applied to law. Complexity theory - a variant of systems theory - views law as an emergent, complex, self-organising system comprised of an interactive network of actors and systems that operate with no overall guiding hand, giving rise to complex, collective behaviour in law communications and actions. Addressing such issues as the unpredictability of legal systems, the ability of legal systems to adapt to changes in (...)
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  47.  50
    An alternative argument for transcendental realism based on an immanent critique of Kant.Jamie Morgan - 2005 - Journal of Critical Realism 4 (2):435-460.
  48.  87
    Defining Objectivity in Realist Terms: Objectivity as a Second-Order ‘Bridging’ Concept Part I: Valuing Objectivity.Jamie Morgan & Wendy Olsen - 2007 - Journal of Critical Realism 6 (2):250-266.
    Our aim is to explore and develop notions of objectivity that are useful and appropriate for critical realist empirical research. Part I explores the values associated with objectivity, Part II the linkages between objectivity and situated action. The introductory section of Part I explains why it is worthwhile in realist terms to develop the notion of objectivity; that is, develop it as opposed to remaining content with murky hidden notions or connotations that the term ‘objectivity’ brings to mind and that (...)
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  49.  11
    Defining Data Donation After Death: Metadata, Families, Directives, Guardians and the Route to Big Consent.David Shaw - 2019 - In Peter Dabrock, Matthias Braun & Patrik Hummel, The Ethics of Medical Data Donation. Springer Verlag.
    This chapter explores what we actually mean by data donation after death, and what different types of data donation metadata are involved in the process. It then provides an analysis of the ethical ramifications of each of these different types of data, outlines the concepts of data advance directives and data donation guardians as one way of dealing with these issues, and considers alternative governance mechanisms. The degree of control given to the first data donors may need to be high (...)
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  50.  26
    Interview with Michael Hardt.Jamie Morgan - 2006 - Theory, Culture and Society 23 (5):93-113.
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