Religion does influence personal choices and behavior, even today. In a multireligious society, religions and religious groups influence social life and public policy considerably. Hitherto, Catholic social teaching, thought, and practice were essentially, if not exclusively, based on the Christian vision of socioeconomic and political realities, without paying much attention to the existence and role of the world’s great religions and religious traditions in this endeavor. To revitalize Catholic social teaching in today’s world, the Church must enter into critical dialogue (...) with non-Christian religions and harness their contribution to sociopolitical transformation. The teachings of Pope Francis, especially in recent social encyclicals, emphasize the importance of such conversations and identify possible paths to pursue. (shrink)

We present an experiment designed to investigate three different mechanisms to achieve impartiality in distributive justice. We consider a first-person procedure, inspired by the Rawlsian veil of ignorance, and two third-party procedures, an involved spectator and a detached observer. First-person veiled stakeholders and involved spectators are affected by an initially unfair distribution that, in the stakeholders’ case, is to be redressed. We find substantial differences in the redressing task. Detached observers propose significantly fairer redistributions than veiled stakeholders or involved spectators. (...) Risk preferences partly explain why veiled stakeholders propose less egalitarian redistributions. Surprisingly, involved spectators, who are informed about their position in society, tend to favour stakeholders holding the same position as they do after the initial distribution. (shrink)

Este artículo vuelve sobre el clásico y complejo concepto de alienación y se propone contribuir a elaborarlo para la filosofía social actual. La idea es ir articulando las propuestas sobre la alienación que han elaborado Rahel Jaeggi y Axel Honneth, desarrolladas a partir de un filósofo presuntamente ajeno a la teoría crítica, a saber, Martín Heidegger, e irnos desligando de estos autores a medida que vamos perfilando el concepto. Pretendemos ofrecer un análisis estructural del concepto que permita identificar ciertos rasgos (...) básicos que después sirvan para elaborar un diagnóstico de las patologías sociales en el mundo contemporáneo. (shrink)

This article delves into the philosophical theses on law and ethics as presented by Thomas Hobbes and Immanuel Kant, with a focus on the notion of resistance in a legal context. It contrasts Hobbes’ advocacy for nearly unrestricted state authority and a morality closely tied to the state, against Kant’s emphasis on moral law and natural rights as the underpinnings of legality. A pivotal discussion point is Kant’s perceived contradiction in supporting a fundamental right to freedom while limiting the right (...) to resist laws that infringe upon this freedom. By comparing these philosophical authors, the article posits that Kant’s theory of resistance requires integration with his broader ethical views, suggesting that human rights should constrain positive law. (shrink)

La relación que este monográfico pretende establecer entre los dos conceptos fundamentales en torno a los que gira el título, a saber, teoría y crítica, no debe considerarse ni como una casualidad ni como algo asentado, sino que supone un problema fundamental, de ahí que sean objeto de atención a la hora de fijar los contenidos de este número. Si bien la teoría responde a un conocimiento especulativo a propósito de lo dado en lo real, la crítica es una acción (...) formal, fundada y razonada, conforme a una normativa acerca de aquello mismo dado en lo real. Esta presentación quiere dar cuenta de los contenidos de este número de Fragmentos de Filosofía. ---- The relationship that this monograph seeks to establish between the two fundamental concepts around which the title revolves, namely, theory and criticism, should not be considered either as a coincidence or as something settled, but rather as a fundamental problem, which is why they are the object of attention when it comes to establishing the contents of this issue. While theory responds to a speculative knowledge about what is given in the real, criticism is a formal, founded and reasoned action, in accordance with a norm about what is given in the real. This presentation aims to give an account of the contents of this issue of Fragmentos de Filosofía. (shrink)

El murciano Ibn ‘Arabí es, sin duda, uno de los autores, pensadores, visionarios y contemplativos de mayor altura —y, probablemente, de más proyección universal— que ha alumbrado este país, por más que su ingente e importante obra haya sido prácticamente ignorada. Este trabajo es una invitación a navegar por el «océano sin orillas» que constituye la vida y obra del más grande de los maestros, procurando que sea su propia voz la que vaya relatando algunos de los hitos externos e (...) internos de su vida y describiendo los rasgos más importantes de su pensamiento. (shrink)

La presente obra reúne los temas imprescindibles de un curso de filosofía política, dirigido tanto a estudiantes como a lectores interesados en la historia, los fundamentos y las implicaciones actuales de esta disciplina. La primera parte trata de la tradición liberal, los socialismos, las dimensiones del nacionalismo, el feminismo como proyecto filosófico-político y la institución de la democracia. La segunda parte aborda en profundidad un amplio abanico de cuestiones, desde la globalización o los problemas de legitimación del poder, pasando por (...) las relaciones entre Estado y nación, los derechos humanos como legado de la Modernidad o la actualidad y perspectivas de la ciudadanía, hasta la multiculturalidad y la inmigración, los movimientos sociales, la ecología o la justicia social. (shrink)

An analysis of the notion of philosophy in Heidegger and Deleuze allows us to verify how both are taken to an aesthetic exposition, to a poetic conception of the language or the creativity, in order to characterize to the philosophy. The distance between both resides, however, in the dissatisfaction which inevitably they undergo the hopes of Heidegger when depositing them in the poetic thing, whereas Deleuze compares the philosophical task and aesthetic when consisting the both of sense production.

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Neste artigo sáo apresentadas as origens do diagnóstico crítico de Heidegger sobre a constituiçáo ontoteológica da metafísica. Argumenta-se que o diagnóstico realiza-se já no período imediatamente posterior à publicaçáo de Ser e tempo (1927), especialmente por meio de uma reinterpretaçáo da filosofia primeira de Aristóteles delineada na preleçáo do (...) semestre de veráo de 1928 Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Logik im Ausgang von Leibniz e consumada nos Grundbegriffe der Metaphysik (1929/30). Mostra-se como Heidegger identifica o que se pode denominar uma interpretaçáo bipartida do ente : a bifurcaçáo da interpretaçáo do ente nos questionamentos sobre o ente como ente (ontologia) e o ente no todo (teologia). Por fim, argumenta-se que a reinterpretaçáo da metafísica da tradiçáo como ontoteologia associa-se inicialmente a uma virada metafísica , cuja implicaçáo é um projeto de filosofia denominado metafísica do Dasein , orientador das tarefas de pesquisa de Heidegger no período de 1927-1930. (shrink)

It is possible today to observe in hindsight the epistemological landscape of the twentieth century, and the work of Albert Lautman in mathematical philosophy appears as a profound turning point, opening to a true under- standing of creativity in mathematics and its relation with the real. Little understood in its time or even today, Lautman’s work explores the difficult but exciting intersection where modern mathematics, advanced mathe- matical invention, the structural or unitary relations of mathematical knowledge and, finally, the metaphysical (...) and dialectical tensions underly- ing mathematical activity converge. Well beyond other better-known names in philosophy of mathematics – who are focused above all on ques- tions concerning the logical problem of foundations, important but frag- mentary studies in the vast panorama of modern mathematics – Lautman broaches the emergence of inventiveness in the very broad spectrum of the development of the mathematical real. Group theory, differential geome- try, algebraic topology, differential equations, functional analysis, functions of complex variables and number fields are some of the domains of his preferred examples. He detects in them methods of construction, structu- ration and unification of modern mathematics that he connects to a precise Platonic interpretation in which powerful pairs of ideas serve to organize the edifice of effective mathematics. (shrink)

Para Hegel, el rendimiento supremo del pensamiento consiste en hallar un terreno en el cual se pongan en evidencia las dimensiones primarias de la realidad. Por esta vía consigue desarrollar uno de sus planteamientos más interesantes en la Ciencia de la lógica, a saber, el concepto de realidad efectiva. Este artículo elabora esa visión de la realidad comentando cuidadosamente lo que Hegel desarrolla allí. Al final muestra que la realidad absoluta es a la vez diferenciación en multiplicidades existentes e inversión (...) de esa contingencia en absoluta necesidad, es decir, se pone como contingente para recuperarse a sí misma en la necesidad. (shrink)

We present a category-theoretical analysis, based on the concept of generic figures, of a diagrammatic system for propositional logic (Peirce’s Existential Graphs α\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha $$\end{document}). The straightforward construction of a presheaf category EGα∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\mathcal {E}}}{{\mathcal {G}}}_{\alpha ^{*}}$$\end{document} of cuts-only Existential Graphs (equivalent to the well-studied category of finite forests) provides a basis for the further construction of the category EGα\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} (...) \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\mathcal {E}}}{{\mathcal {G}}}_\alpha $$\end{document} which introduces variables in a reconstructedly generic, or label-free, mode. Morphisms in these categories represent syntactical embeddings or, equivalently but dually, extensions. Through the example of Peirce’s system, it is shown how the generic figures approach facilitates the formal investigation of relations between syntax and semantics in such diagrammatic systems. (shrink)

The objective was to propose an educational management model from the constructivist perspective to improve teacher performance in primary and secondary education institutions. The research was basic, quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive-propositional in scope. The sample consisted of 92 teachers from an educational institution in Lambayeque, Peru. The results obtained in the surveys place teacher performance at a low level in all its dimensions: preparation for student learning (60.90%); teaching for student learning (70.70%); participation in the management of (...) the school articulated to the community (66.30%); and development of teacher professionalism and identity (64.10%). Similarly, the information obtained regarding the management of the educational institution allows it to be classified as deficient in the four dimensions: organizational, (59.80%); administrative, (57.60%); pedagogical-didactic (60.90%) and community (62.00%). It was concluded that proposing an educational management model from the constructivist perspective will contribute to improving teacher performance in primary and secondary education institutions, which was validated by the criteria of five experts. (shrink)

In this article we study applications of the bounded functional interpretation to theories of feasible arithmetic and analysis. The main results show that the novel interpretation is sound for considerable generalizations of weak König’s Lemma, even in the presence of very weak induction. Moreover, when this is combined with Cook and Urquhart’s variant of the functional interpretation, one obtains effective versions of conservation results regarding weak König’s Lemma which have been so far only obtained non-constructively.

The present text aims at commenting the doctoral thesis A recepção do pensamento de Nietzsche na obra literária de Dalcídio Jurandir - submitted by Oclécio das Chagas Lacerda at the School of Philosophy, Arts and Human Sciences of the Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp) in 2022 - in light of two main themes developed by it: the “anthropophagic” interpretation of Nietzsche’s critique on Christian nihilism and the Amazon meaning derived from it.

Antonio Rosmini (1797-1855) was a genius who combined science and sanctity. His contribution turns on the theory of the suspended middle of the original relationship between the natural and the supernatural, which he experienced and elaborated. The device of the relationship between the original metaphysical-affective-symbolic structure of the believing conscience and the affective turn in metaphysics, intrinsically linked to his trinitarian ontology, allowed Rosmini to elaborate theories and epistemologies from a unitary perspective in various fields of knowledge. This volume indicates (...) the implications of the unbreakable bond between Rosmini's philosophy and theology in disciplines such as pedagogical science, political science, and juridical science. Following the favorable resolution of the "Rosminian question" the Catholic Church beatified Rosmini in 2007 and in 2018 indicated his theoretical-practical approach as a universal education model to be followed. Through essays by major experts in Rosmini's thought, this curatorship offers an international public a brief, reasoned overview of Rosmini's thinking on these disciplines, finally translated into English, so that this perspective can be understood and explored with particular regard to the possibility of encouraging ecumenical comparison between Rosmini's suspended middle and, for example, that of Radical Orthodoxy. (shrink)

Contributors use a variety of theoretical frameworks to analyze distinct areas of Craven’s work, including ecology, auteurism, philosophy, queer studies, and trauma. Scholars of cinema studies, horror, and ecology will find this book of particular interest.

Con relativa frecuencia el pensamiento de Martin Heidegger es presentado como el de un crítico exacerbado contra la ciencia. Esa crítica es puesta bajo sospecha por su participación política en el nacionalsocialismo y es tachada, en muchos casos sin fundamento alguno, de reaccionaria, de suponer un paso atrás en la línea del progreso. Sin embargo, el propio Heidegger muestra que no hay nada más alejado de la realidad: Su pretensión no es anular la ciencia, sino reconducirla, servir de faro para (...) todas las ciencias, sin distinción entre ciencias de la naturaleza y ciencias del espíritu. El propósito heideggeriano es establecer una suerte de pre-ciencia que sirva para orientar a todas las ciencias (sean de la naturaleza o del espíritu). Este estudio pretende exponer como esa pre-ciencia sirve de guía para la ciencia y como puede convertirse en un puente que sirva para unir las dos orillas de la ciencia. (shrink)

Si el común de los mortales miente, el Príncipe habrá de hacerlo, aconseja Maquiavelo. La especie humana, como cualquier otra, depende de la auto-preferencia, sostiene Bentham. Tales doctrinas, que adoptan como supuesto ciertas formas de corrupción, resultan funcionales a la teoría política (y económica) del “individualismo posesivo” (Mac Pherson) en base a un realismo sesgado. Por contra, Kant propuso un orden epistémico para alcanzar una paz perpetua, lo que evitaría el incremento de migraciones forzosas. Tal propuesta resulta afín a una (...) teoría política del “personalismo comunicativo”, tributaria de Vitoria y de un realismo garantista. (shrink)

The New Parish, beloved by the most recent church documents, meets several challenges for its renewal, among them the caring for the poor. This commitment, the agape expression of Christ, is fundamental in this world in which the seeds of individualism and neo-paganism are gaining strength. Thus, in an exercise of systematic theology that re-connects biblical theology and pastoral, an important way is to look at the caring for the poor in the example of the Apostle Paul. Paul organized a (...) collection for the saints of the Jerusalem church among the Asian communities, making visible church unity between Jews and Gentiles through charity. It was not only a solidary action, but the experience of Christian love that is given as Thanksgiving to God, He who by his grace saved us first. (shrink)

This paper argues that the science of logic follows the theory of knowledge. The objects are ens rationis. It admits that we have two kind of logic: formal logic, which follows via rationis, named abstractio formalis; and real logic, which follows via rationis, named abstractio totius. In consequence, there are divers habits of logic, which permit the use of our different acts of understanding, which pertain to both uses of ratio. Each one of these different logics has different principles: the (...) rational principle, the axioms of logic; the formal principle; the principle of generalisation. (shrink)

The control principle implies that people should not feel guilt for outcomes beyond their control. Yet, the so-called ‘agent and observer puzzles’ in philosophy demonstrate that people waver in their commitment to the control principle when reflecting on accidental outcomes. In the context of car accidents involving conventional or autonomous vehicles, Study 1 established that judgments of responsibility are most strongly associated with expressions of guilt–over and above other negative emotions, such as sadness, remorse or anger. Studies 2 and 3 (...) then confirmed that, while people generally endorse the control principle, and deny that occupants in an AV should feel guilt when involved in an accident, they nevertheless ascribe guilt to those same occupants. Study 3 also uncovered novel implications of the observer puzzle in the legal context: Passengers in an AV were seen as more legally liable than either passengers in a conventional vehicle, or even their drivers–especially when participants were prompted to reflect on the passengers’ affective experience of guilt. Our findings document an important conflict–in the context of AV accidents–between people’s prescriptive reasoning about responsibility and guilt on one hand, and their counter-normative experience of guilt on the other, with apparent implications for liability decisions. (shrink)

Os pressupostos da estrutura afetiva dos tipos de governo em Hobbes dizem respeito aos afetos fundamentais que determinam as ações humanas desde o estado de natureza, em especial o medo, o egoísmo e a glória. O medo, para Hobbes, talvez seja o afeto mais restritivo da liberdade natural no estado de natureza e, ao contrário, a principal condição para a obtenção da paz no estado civil, mas a esperança de glória é tão relevante quanto o medo para a transformação do (...) homem natural num ser social e, posteriormente, num súdito e num cidadão. (shrink)

Desenvolveremos dois argumentos. Primeiro: a utilização do dualismo antropológico – modernidade e pré-modernidade, pós-tradicional e tradicional – por parte de filosofias europeias como base da constituição do discurso filosófico-sociológico-antropológico da modernidade-modernização ocidental implica na consolidação de uma compreensão exclusivista da modernidade ocidental como europeização, demarcada pela ideia de que ela é um processo basicamente autônomo, independente, endógeno, autorreferencial, autossubsistente e autossuficiente, sem qualquer relacionalidade com o outro da modernidade, completamente separada dele, bem como na anulação e na deslegitimação dos outros (...) da modernidade como passado antropológico e déficit de modernização ou de racionalização, com a consequente colocação da modernidade europeia como presente autoconsciente, atualidade substantiva e abertura ao futuro. Segundo: a descolonização africana e o pensamento indígena brasileiro, ao desconstruírem esse dualismo antropológico e a deslegitimação dos outros da modernidade como condição pré-moderna e passado evolutivo, rompem o monopólio epistêmico-político moderno de tematização do humano e de justificação do universalismo pós-tradicional, correlacionando-o ao colonialismo e ao racismo estrutural. Enquanto poder originário da/pela diferença, a descolonização africana e o pensamento indígena brasileiro descentralizam e pluralizam as epistemes, as histórias, as alternativas político-normativas e, desse modo, e realizam uma crítica da modernização ocidental desde o lugar de fala das minorias político-culturais. (shrink)

Business Ethics: A European Review, Volume 30, Issue 2, Page 216-230, April 2021.

Theoria, Volume 87, Issue 4, Page 885-896, August 2021.

O texto tem como objetivo apresentar a categoria de “biopolítica afirmativa” de Roberto Esposito. Para tanto, na primeira parte discute-se rapidamente o que se convencionou chamar de “a diferença italiana”. O segundo tópico do texto discute o significado de comunidade a partir do seu étimo originário munus. Na seção seguinte aborda-se o “dispositivo imunitário” onipresente em nossas sociedades. A partir dessas considerações pode-se, na última parte, discutir o problema central proposto, isto é, a biopolítica afirmativa.

A distinction is drawn between situations as indices required for semantically evaluating sentences and situations as denotations resulting from such evaluation. For atomic sentences, possible worlds may serve as indices, and events as denotations. The distinction is extended beyond atomic sentences according to formulae-as-types and applied to implicit quantifier domain restrictions, intensionality and conditionals.

Trata-se de propor, através da leitura conjunta de Jacques Rancière e Paulo Freire, uma filosofia da educação capaz de nos orientar em uma crítica da atual sociedade neoliberal. Tendo tal objetivo em vista, primeiramente exponho como a igualdade pode aparecer enquanto princípio a orientar nossas práticas educacionais. Com a afirmação da potência própria à inteligência é toda uma compreensão antropológica do homem que se desenha, compreensão essa que afirma o ser humano enquanto um ente que tem no aprendizado uma forma (...) privilegiada de se relacionar e existir no mundo. Em um segundo momento, argumento que tal princípio da igualdade encontra uma complementariedade importante com a dialética entre opressores e oprimidos desenvolvida por Paulo Freire, explicitando o caráter político do princípio de igualdade de inteligências e sua necessária mediação social dentro de uma história marcada pelas relações de desigualdade. A partir disso, podemos propor uma ideia de educação não pautada na estratégia do investimento em capital humano e no decorrente crescimento econômico – pressuposto tão caro à racionalidade do capitalismo contemporâneo - mas sim na normatividade própria de uma antropologia e de uma filosofia da história democráticas e emancipadoras. (shrink)

Dentre os muitos agenciamentos que questionam e esgarçam as políticas neocoloniais eurocentradas ainda vigentes, parte de um amplo legado colonial, o campo das artes parece oferecer um espaço privilegiado de contestação, reivindicação e quebra de hegemonias.Em 2020, ano em que este dossiê é pensado e organizado, o assassinato de George Floyd aprofundou a crise social e moral causada pelo capitalismo racial e suas consequências nefastas, gerando uma forte onda de contestação contra o racismo estrutural, contra a brutalidade policial econtra o (...) terrorismo de Estado que avança sem limites sobre as populações racializadas ao redor do mundo todo. (shrink)

The author, after reviewing Aquinas work and the Teachings of the Catholic Church about the cognitive statute of the virtue of Faith, argues, based on Polo's proposals on Anthropology, that is the "personal knowledge", that is, the knowledge at the level of the act of being, and not simply the "rational knowledge" what is elevated by the supernatural virtue of Faith, that God infuses in the "personal kernel" of the human being.

When can a group legitimately form its own state? Under international law, some groups can but others cannot. But the standard is unclear, and traditional legal analysis has failed to elucidate it. In The Theory of Self-Determination, leading scholars chart new territory in our theoretical conception of self-determination. Drawing from diverse scholarship in international law, philosophy, and political science, they attempt to move beyond the prevailing nationalist conceptions of group definition. At issue are such universal questions as: when does a (...) group qualify as a 'people'? Does history matter? Or is it a question of ethnic status? Are these matters properly solved by popular vote? Anchored in modern analytical political philosophy but with implications for a wide range of scholarship, this volume will prove essential for scholars and practitioners of international law, global justice, and international relations. (shrink)