Andalusia, the Maghreb, and North Africa have played important roles in Islamic history regarding Qurān memorization and writing. These regions have contributed significantly to Qurānic recitation methods. The expertise of Maghrebi scholars is evident in modern Qurān printing, which often ref-erences their work. This expertise partly stems from a traditional wooden board-based memorization method used for centuries. This study examines the wooden board Qurān memorization tradition in the Maghreb and North Africa. It explores the history and educational process of this (...) method, which began with Islam's spread in the region. The study also describes Qurānic education institutions in the area. The research outlines three main stages of the memorization process and explains different applications of the method. It highlights the characteristics of the wooden board-centered approach, including how it combines visual and auditory learning, recitation to a teacher (ardh), listening (samā'), and writing. The study discusses the bene-fits of starting memorization from the end of the Qurān and how this meth-od aligns with multiple intelligence theory. It also examines 'tanzel' and 'an-sas' practices, which connect memorization to Qurānic orthography. Addi-tionally, the study describes the educational materials used in traditional memorization and explores their symbolic meaning in the regional religious and cultural context. The research uses comparative analysis and literature review methods. (shrink)

Bu yazıda son devir Osmanlı âlim ve müderrislerinden Mehmed Zihni Efendi tarafından Osmanlı Türkçesiyle kaleme alınan “el-Kavlü’s-Sedîd fi ‘İlmi’t-Tecvîd” diğer ismiyle “Tecvîd-i Cedîd” adlı eseri değerlendirilmektedir. Medrese talebelerine yönelik hazırlanmış olan bu eser, üç ana konudan oluşmaktadır: Mushaf-ı Şerif, tilâvet ve tecvîd. Eserde, Kur’ân tarihi ve kitabeti, tilâvetin hükmü ve çeşitleri, Kur’ân eğitiminin fazileti, hatim geleneği gibi konuların yanı sıra vasıl ve vakıf hükümleri, harflerin çıkış yerleri ve sıfatları ile med çeşitleri gibi konular da ele alınmıştır. Müellifin konuları işlerken, yaşadığı (...) dönemle alakalı hatalı davranış ve alışkanlıklara yönelik eleştiri yapmayı da ihmal etmemesi eserin önemli noktalarından birisini teşkil etmektedir. Müellifin, tecvid kaidelerini önce nazarî düzeyde ortaya koyup, daha sonra uygulamalı örneklerle açıklaması; nazarî düzeyde bırakmaması ayrıca önem arz etmektedir. Bu kitap kritiğinde, eserin tanıtımı yanı sıra Zihni Efendi’nin özel görüş ve düşüncelerinin altını çizmeye çalışılmış ve müellifin kullandığı kaynaklar kırâât literatürü açısından değerlendirilmiştir. (shrink)

Time and narratice technique compared. Two novelists, Heliodorus, 3rd century author of the novel Aethiopica and Sigrid Combüchen, contemporary Swedish novelist using a dystopian Europe around 2050 as a scenic setting. In both stories girls and women are captured and killed by soldiers. Both narrators are external to the story being told, presented in the past tense. But Combüchen´s narrator adopts it as a confession, and a turning point in his career as a commanding general, characterized by"double-bind".

Despite his enormous bibliography of written works, Ricoeur has never devoted an entire tome to either moral philosophy or ethics per se. Three chapters of one work, Oneself as Another, do, however, encompass what he calls summarily his “little ethics.” To understand Ricoeur’s ethical project, it is important to see its genesis in his earlier anthropological studies and to follow its evolving nature into a hermeneutical poetics. Ricoeur’s ethical orientation is teleological. He makes a strong distinction between ethics and morality, (...) with ethics being comprised of three inseparable components: the “good life,” the other, and justice. The essential hermeneutical nature of his ethics becomes fully apparent in his discussion of practical wisdom. (shrink)

The article interprets Franz Caucig’s Socrates with a Disciple and Diotima?, one of several paintings commissioned for Palais Auersperg in Vienna, now housed at the Slovenian National Gallery. Socrates and a young man are in a pastoral setting beneath a plane tree near a river. They are addressed by a woman, and a chariot with maidens can be seen in the background. The scene is from Plato’s Phaedrus, since Socrates never leaves Athens, except for military service and in this scene (...) from the Phaedrus. The woman addressing Socrates and Phaedrus in the painting cannot be Diotima because her chariot has two white horses, indicating a goddess. The most likely goddess would be the goddess in the poem of Parmenides of Elea, the source of the soul-chariot analogy in the Phaedrus. The setting of Caucig’s Socrates painting bears a remarkable similarity to his Amnytus painting, which features political references to Napoleon’s subjection of Gorizia, Caucig’s homeland. Caucig’s Phaedrus remarks upon Napoleon’s conquests, Hegel’s lectures on Parmenides, and David’s idealized painting of Napoleon crossing the Alps. (shrink)

Common hospital and surgical center responses to the Covid‐19 pandemic included curtailing “elective” procedures, which are typically determined based on implications for physical health and survival. However, in the focus solely on physical health and survival, procedures whose main benefits advance components of well‐being beyond health, including self‐determination, personal security, economic stability, equal respect, and creation of meaningful social relationships, have been disproportionately deprioritized. We describe how female reproduction‐related procedures, including abortion, surgical sterilization, reversible contraception devices and in vitro fertilization, (...) have been broadly categorized as “elective,” a designation that fails to capture the value of these procedures or their impact on women's overall well‐being. We argue that corresponding restrictions and delays of these procedures are problematically reflective of underlying structural views that marginalize women's rights and interests and therefore threaten to propagate gender injustice during the pandemic and beyond. Finally, we propose a framework for triaging reproduction‐related procedures during Covid‐19 that is more individualized, accounts for their significance for comprehensive well‐being, and can be used to inform resumption of operations as well as subsequent restriction phases. (shrink)