Andalusia, the Maghreb, and North Africa have played important roles in Islamic history regarding Qurān memorization and writing. These regions have contributed significantly to Qurānic recitation methods. The expertise of Maghrebi scholars is evident in modern Qurān printing, which often ref-erences their work. This expertise partly stems from a traditional wooden board-based memorization method used for centuries. This study examines the wooden board Qurān memorization tradition in the Maghreb and North Africa. It explores the history and educational process of this (...) method, which began with Islam's spread in the region. The study also describes Qurānic education institutions in the area. The research outlines three main stages of the memorization process and explains different applications of the method. It highlights the characteristics of the wooden board-centered approach, including how it combines visual and auditory learning, recitation to a teacher (ardh), listening (samā'), and writing. The study discusses the bene-fits of starting memorization from the end of the Qurān and how this meth-od aligns with multiple intelligence theory. It also examines 'tanzel' and 'an-sas' practices, which connect memorization to Qurānic orthography. Addi-tionally, the study describes the educational materials used in traditional memorization and explores their symbolic meaning in the regional religious and cultural context. The research uses comparative analysis and literature review methods. (shrink)

Bu yazıda son devir Osmanlı âlim ve müderrislerinden Mehmed Zihni Efendi tarafından Osmanlı Türkçesiyle kaleme alınan “el-Kavlü’s-Sedîd fi ‘İlmi’t-Tecvîd” diğer ismiyle “Tecvîd-i Cedîd” adlı eseri değerlendirilmektedir. Medrese talebelerine yönelik hazırlanmış olan bu eser, üç ana konudan oluşmaktadır: Mushaf-ı Şerif, tilâvet ve tecvîd. Eserde, Kur’ân tarihi ve kitabeti, tilâvetin hükmü ve çeşitleri, Kur’ân eğitiminin fazileti, hatim geleneği gibi konuların yanı sıra vasıl ve vakıf hükümleri, harflerin çıkış yerleri ve sıfatları ile med çeşitleri gibi konular da ele alınmıştır. Müellifin konuları işlerken, yaşadığı (...) dönemle alakalı hatalı davranış ve alışkanlıklara yönelik eleştiri yapmayı da ihmal etmemesi eserin önemli noktalarından birisini teşkil etmektedir. Müellifin, tecvid kaidelerini önce nazarî düzeyde ortaya koyup, daha sonra uygulamalı örneklerle açıklaması; nazarî düzeyde bırakmaması ayrıca önem arz etmektedir. Bu kitap kritiğinde, eserin tanıtımı yanı sıra Zihni Efendi’nin özel görüş ve düşüncelerinin altını çizmeye çalışılmış ve müellifin kullandığı kaynaklar kırâât literatürü açısından değerlendirilmiştir. (shrink)

Nine themes help in understanding B.F. Skinner's development from graduate student in 1928 to the publication of his Behavior of Organisms in 1938. It is claimed that Skinner's primary personal development was from the role of precocious critic to mature theorist; that Skinner's discoveries of behavioral lawfulness enabled him to shed major portions of his earlier reflexological commitment; that his postulation of operants served several nonempirical functions; and that the postulation required that he depart from the restrictive philosophical framework in (...) which he had been working. (shrink)

Study on the contributions of Śaṅkarācārya to Hindu philosophy.

Aktualnejshaya problema segodnyashnego dnya - vyhod iz sistemy globalnyh krizisov, s kotorymi stolknulos naselenie Zemli, i perehod k "obschestvu razumnogo potrebleniya," obschestvu znaniya. Ogromnuyu rol v etom protsesse igraet obrazovanie - sotsialnyj institut, odnoj iz zadach kotorogo yavlyaetsya sohranenie i translyatsiya znaniya v sotsialnyh sistemah. A chto takoe informatsiya? Iznachalno ee teoriya voznikla dlya nuzhd tehniki. Iz-za etogo mnogie ee aspekty ostalis ne razvitymi, potomu chto oni prosto ne byli vazhnymi dlya tehnicheskih sistem. Primenenie teorii informatsii k biologicheskim sistemam uzhe (...) zastavilo zanyatsya voprosom vozniknoveniya novoj informatsii. A rabota s sotsialnymi sistemami vydvinula takie ponyatiya, kak tsennost, effektivnost, slozhnost informatsii i t. d. Bolee polnyj podhod k teorii informatsii, v svoyu ochered, pozvolyaet najti resheniya ryada problem v teorii sotsialnyh sistem, v chastnosti v obrazovanii, i pokazat puti optimizatsii etih protsessov. (shrink)

Time and narratice technique compared. Two novelists, Heliodorus, 3rd century author of the novel Aethiopica and Sigrid Combüchen, contemporary Swedish novelist using a dystopian Europe around 2050 as a scenic setting. In both stories girls and women are captured and killed by soldiers. Both narrators are external to the story being told, presented in the past tense. But Combüchen´s narrator adopts it as a confession, and a turning point in his career as a commanding general, characterized by"double-bind".

Unlike his other fictional works Blanchot’s 1953 narrative Celui qui ne m’accompagnait pas has received comparatively little attention. The reasons for this would seem to lie in the intense abstraction of his writing in this work, which is forbidding even by his own standards, but as I will show, this intensity can be understood as comprising a singular topography of the experience of writing. Blanchot’s narrative thereby becomes a very precise and concrete form of aesthetics, which can be usefully compared (...) to the understandings of melancholy developed by Benjamin and Adorno, but transposed into a more stringent modernist context. (shrink)

Despite his enormous bibliography of written works, Ricoeur has never devoted an entire tome to either moral philosophy or ethics per se. Three chapters of one work, Oneself as Another, do, however, encompass what he calls summarily his “little ethics.” To understand Ricoeur’s ethical project, it is important to see its genesis in his earlier anthropological studies and to follow its evolving nature into a hermeneutical poetics. Ricoeur’s ethical orientation is teleological. He makes a strong distinction between ethics and morality, (...) with ethics being comprised of three inseparable components: the “good life,” the other, and justice. The essential hermeneutical nature of his ethics becomes fully apparent in his discussion of practical wisdom. (shrink)

Study on the view of Aurobindo Ghose on philosophy of education.