Emotions are an essential part of human life, but clearly they are more than we subjectively experience. Neuroscience has tried to explore and disentangle the underlying neural correlates of emotions. A brief overview of the historical, theoretical, and conceptual background aids the understanding of contemporary neuroscientific findings. From the early pioneering research of James Papez and Paul McLean, the review swiftly moves on to contemporary neuroscience research. A summary of the findings from several meta-analyses outlines the complex nature of emotional (...) wiring in the brain. Current findings on the anatomy of emotions are reviewed focussing on the following structures: the amygdala, the insula, the nucleus accumbens, the prefrontal cortex , and the anterior cingulate cortex. Findings on the various different functions of these structures, also including their involvement in psychopathology, are presented before concluding on the future prospects of neuroscience research. (shrink)